Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO Crane kahi ʻohana āpau kahi ʻāpana o ke kauoha manu ʻā. Hoʻopili ka mea hope loa i kahi helu nui o nā lunamaka o ka hulu manu, ʻokoʻa i ke ʻano, ka hana a me ke ʻano, he kumu kahiko loa kekahi, a ua nalowale kekahi o lākou i kēia lā.
Crane – manu kiʻekiʻeme ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi a me nā wāwae. Ma waho, he ʻano like kēlā mau mea like me nā stiger a me nā herons i ka pilina me lākou, ʻoiai he mamao loa. Akā ʻokoʻa ka mea ma mua, ʻaʻole makemake nā manu ʻū e pūnana i nā kumulāʻau, a ʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka lokomaikaʻi.
A mai ka lua o nā ʻano manu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ke ʻano o ka lele ʻana. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ke neʻe nei i ka lewa, loaʻa iā lākou ka maʻa o ke kīloi ʻana i ko lākou ʻāʻī a me ko lākou mau wāwae, a ʻoi aku, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā ʻona. Heʻuʻuku ke poʻo o ia mau manu, pololei ka nuku me ka ʻoi, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ke koʻa.
Ke hele lākou i ka honua me nā ʻeheu pelu, hāʻawi ko lākou huelo i ka lush a lōʻihi ma muli o nā hulu lele elongated. ʻO ke kala o kēia mau mea ʻēheu, ma ke ʻano he keʻokeʻo, a hina hina.
ʻO ka hapanui o nā ʻano manuā he hiʻohiʻona hoihoi. He ʻulaʻula nā waihoʻoluʻu ʻili hulu ʻole ma ko lākou mau poʻo. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kikoʻī ʻē aʻe āpau o ka helehelena waho i ke kiʻi o ka manuʻū.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka home kūpuna o kēia ʻano manu ʻo ʻAmelika, mai laila lākou i neʻe ai i Asia i nā wā prehistoric, a ma hope ua pāhola hou aku i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua. ʻOiai i kēia mau lā ʻaʻole i loaʻa kēia mau manu i ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻAinapuni ʻAmelika, e like me ma Antarctica. Akā, ua aʻa lākou ma nā aʻa ʻē aʻe o ka honua.
Uwē manuā i ka puna, lohe mau ʻia ia ma kahi lōʻihi, kani leo nui i nā wahi. I kēia manawa o ka makahiki, pū nā manu i ka pālua. Hoʻopuka lākou i kekahi mea e like me ka nui: "Skoko-o-rum". I nā wā ʻē aʻe, ʻokoʻa loa ka leo o ka manuʻō.
He mea mau ke kāhea ʻana i kēlā ʻano uwa ʻana. ʻO ka maʻamau maʻa mau nā leo ʻelua i kēia kāhea leo.
Ma muli o ko lākou nani a me ka lokomaikaʻi, ua haʻalele nā crane i ka moʻomeheu o nā lāhui like ʻole o ka honua i kahi ola a haʻi ʻia i loko o nā kaʻao a me nā kaʻao. Ua lilo lākou i poʻe koa o nā kaʻao a me nā moʻolelo hoʻokalakupua o nā North American Indians.
Loaʻa nā kaʻao e pili ana iā lākou i ka hana waha a nā poʻe o ka Celestial Empire, Saudi Arabia a me ke kahakai Aegean.
ʻO ka ʻike o ko mākou mau kūpuna hihiu me lākou e ʻike ʻia nei e nā kiʻi pōhaku a me nā mea hoihoi loa o nā archeologists. Akā i kēia manawa ua ʻeha nui ka heluna kanaka o nā crane, a ke emi mau nei kāna helu. A he mea ʻoi loa kēia no nā ʻano e ʻōlelo ʻia a māka ʻia ma ke ʻano he kakaikahi ma lalo.
Nā ʻano o nā manuʻā
Ma ke ʻano he ʻohana o nā manuʻā, i ʻike ʻia ma ka Honua i kahi manawa e holoholo mau ana nā dinosaur iā ia (e like me kekahi ʻike ma kahi o 60 miliona mau makahiki), aia ʻehā moʻomeheu, i māhele ʻia i 15 mau ʻano.
ʻEhiku o lākou i loaʻa ma ka panalāʻau Lūkia. Loaʻa nā lālā o kēlā me kēia ʻano i kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī a hoihoi i kā lākou ala ponoʻī. E noʻonoʻo mākou i kekahi o lākou.
1. Manu'ū India... ʻO nā lunamaka'āinana o kēia ʻano i kapa ʻia he kiʻekiʻe loa i waena o kā lākou hoa. ʻO ko lākou lōʻihi ma kahi o 176 knm. ʻO nā ʻeheu o kēia mau mea i loaʻa i kahi kiko o 240 cm. ʻO kēlā mau manu i loaʻa i nā plumage hina-hina, nā wāwae ʻulaʻula; ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo ko lākou nuku, lōʻihi. Noho lākou ma India, a loaʻa pū kekahi ma nā wahi kokoke o ʻAsia. I nā helu liʻiliʻi, ʻike ʻia kēlā mau manu ma Australia.
2. Manuahi Australia... Ma waho, he ʻano like ia me ka manu ʻā i hōʻike mua ʻia, no laila i kekahi manawa i hala aku nei ua hoʻokau nā mea kālaiʻike i kēia mau ʻelele ʻelua o ka manu ʻēheu i nā ʻano like. Eia nō naʻe, pouli iki ka hulu o ia mau manu.
ʻO ka nui o nā ʻano Australia he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa wale nō ia i nā palena i nā ʻaoʻao ʻInia. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano ma kahi o 161 cm.
3. Manuā Kepani o nā hoahānau ua manaʻo ʻia he paʻakikī loa ia. Hiki ke kaumaha o kekahi poʻe i 11 kg. ʻO ka poʻe lunamakaʻāinana o kēia laha ʻaʻole noho wale ma Iapana wale nō, akā ʻike ʻia ma ka Hikina hikina. Keʻokeʻo kahi ʻāpana nui o kā lākou plumage.
ʻO ka ʻāʻī a me ke kua o nā ʻēheu ke hoʻohālikelike me lākou (ʻeleʻele), a me ke oho ʻeleʻele, nā wāwae o ia mau manu. ʻO kēia laha o ka ʻohana kū i ka ʻohana he mea liʻiliʻi loa ia. I kēia lā, ʻaʻohe ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua kaukani mau ʻano manu ʻē aʻe i koe, a no laila hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka laha me ka luku loa ʻia.
4. Crane ʻo Demoiselle... Kaulana kēia ʻano no ka mea ʻo kona mau lunamakaʻāinana ka mea liʻiliʻi loa ma ka ʻohana o nā manu ʻio. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi nui o 2 kg a ʻoi iki paha, a ʻo ko lākou kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 89 cm. ʻAʻole kuhi hewa ka inoa o ka manu, nani maoli nō ia.
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka hulu o kēia mau mea i hina hina. ʻO ka ʻāpana o nā hulu ʻēheu he lehu hina. ʻEleʻele nā wāwae, hele maikaʻi me nā hulu poʻo, ka mea, e like me ka ʻāʻī, he ʻano ʻeleʻele. ʻO ko lākou mau maka a me kahi nuku melemele, pōkole e kū i waho e like me nā ʻulaʻula ʻalani i ko lākou poʻo.
ʻO nā hulu keʻokeʻo lōʻihi o nā hulu e kau ana mai ko lākou mau poʻo a i ko lākou ʻāʻī i ke ʻano o kahi crescent e hāʻawi i kēia mau manu i kahi hiʻohiʻona leʻaleʻa. Hoʻolahalaha nā Lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano a loaʻa i nā wahi he nui o Eurasia, a ma nā ʻāina o ka ʻāina ʻApelika.
ʻO nā leo i hana ʻia e kēia mau mea nani he kurlyk kiʻekiʻe, melodic.
5. Keʻokeʻo Keʻokeʻo (Siberian Crane) - hopena i nā ʻĀkau o ko mākou ʻāina. Akā i loko o Lūkia, ʻike ʻia ka laha ʻano liʻiliʻi loa i ka helu. Nui aʻe kēia manu, nona ka ʻēheu o ʻelua mau mika a ʻoi paha, a ʻo kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻano hiki ke piʻi i kahi nui o 8 kg.
He nuku lōʻihi ʻulaʻula ko nā manu a aneane like ka malu o nā wāwae. ʻO ka ʻāpana nui o ka plumage, e like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, he keʻokeʻo, koe wale nō kekahi hulu ʻēheu.
6. Manuā ʻAmelika - mamao loa mai kahi lunamakaʻāinana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻohana. Loaʻa ia mau manu ma Kanada wale nō, a ma kahi i kaupalena ʻia, no ka mea, ʻo ka mea pōʻino, heʻuʻuku ka liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka plumage o ia mau manu he hau keʻokeʻo, koe wale nō kekahi o nā hoʻohui ʻeleʻele.
7. Pōkō ʻeleʻele... Eia kekahi ʻano liʻiliʻi loa, i kākau ʻia i loko o ka Red Book. Noho kēlā ʻano manu ʻino ma Lūkia Hikina a me Kina. A hiki i kēia manawa, ua aʻo iki ʻia kēia ʻano. ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana he liʻiliʻi i ka nui a kaupaona iki aʻe ma mua o 3 kg ma ka awelika. ʻO ka hulu o kēia mau mea ke ʻeleʻele ka nui, koe ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻāpana o ke poʻo, keʻokeʻo.
8. Belladonna ʻApelika - he kamaʻāina o ʻApelika Hema. Liʻiliʻi ka manu a kaupaona ma kahi o 5 kg. ʻO ka hue hina-polū ke kumu nui o ka peni o ia mau mea ola. ʻO nā hulu lōʻihi wale nō i ka wēlau o ka ʻēheu he kēpau-hina a ʻeleʻele paha. Pēlā pū kekahi, kapa ʻia kēia mau manu manuahi nā paradaiso.
9. Mele kalaunu - he kamaʻāina hoʻi ʻo ʻApelika, akā hāʻawi wale ʻia ma ka hikina a me ke komohana o ka ʻāina. ʻO kēia mea ola, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kona mau hoahānau, he nui waena kona, a he ʻano ʻē loa kona ʻano. ʻEleʻele kona hulu me ka hoʻohui kukui a me ka ʻulaʻula. Kāhea ʻia ka manu manu ʻo ka lei aliʻi no ka welau gula nui e hoʻonani i kona poʻo.
10. Pōkō hina... ʻO kēia lunamakaʻāinana nui o ka ʻohana he kamaʻāina o ka nui o Eurasia. ʻO ka ʻāpana nui o kāna plumage kahi aniani uliuli hina. ʻOi aku ka pouli o ka huelo luna a me ke kua, a kū i ke kala nā ʻaoʻao ʻeleʻele o nā ʻeheu. ʻO kēia ʻano ma ka wahi ʻelua e pili ana i ka helu a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma hope o ka manuahi Kanada.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano manu ʻū e holo manu ana a noho paha ma kahi o nā kino wai, me ka wai piha a me ka wai paʻakai. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā laha i ke ʻano paʻakai i ka mea hou i ka hoʻoilo, neʻe i nā kahakai a me nā mākeke me nā wai paʻakai kolo ʻole wale i nā wā anuanu.
Akā ʻo ka belladonna (pili kēia i ka lāhui ʻApelika) ua hoʻololi mālie i ka noho ʻana ma kahi mamao loa mai nā wai āpau, e hoʻolilo ana i nā lā o ko lākou ola i nā uhi uhi a me nā wahi kai ʻole.
Ma ka laulaha, ua hoʻolaha nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana i hōʻike ʻia ma luna o nā ʻāina pae ʻāina like ʻole loa. No laila, i ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā manuahi, e noʻonoʻo ʻia ko lākou wahi.
ʻO kahi laʻana, ma nā wahi ʻano lākeke, nā ʻalopeke, ʻaʻohe makemake nā bea i ka ʻai ʻana i kā lākou mau hua. ʻO nā keiki keiki hānai manuahi kahi mea ʻono na nā ʻīlio hihiu. ʻĀ, a hoʻoweliweli nui ʻia ka poʻe mākua e nā mea ʻili hulu, e laʻa me nā ʻaeto gula.
I ka hoʻoilo, neʻe lākou i nā wahi mehana a lele nā manuʻekau i ka hema ʻĀkau o ka Honua A ʻo nā manu e noho ana i nā wahi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke aniau ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻomaka i nā huakaʻi lōʻihi, makemake i kahi ola sedentary i ka pilikia o ia ʻano neʻe.
ʻO ka ulu ʻōpio i ka mua o kā lākou hoʻoilo (ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau, ʻoiaʻiʻo, no nā crane neʻe wale nō) hele i nā wahi hema me ko lākou mau mākua e hoʻāʻo e kākoʻo a pale i nā keiki ʻike ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka lele ʻana i ka pūnana i nā pūnaewele hoʻonohonoho e hana ʻia e ka hanauna makua ma o lākou iho (ma ke ʻano he rula, ua hele lākou i kahi huakaʻi ma mua o ka hanauna kahiko).
ʻAʻole uhi ʻia nā ala lōʻihi i hoʻokahi manawa. A i nā wā huakaʻi, hana kēlā mau manu i hoʻokahi a i ʻole mau, hana ʻia i nā wahi maʻamau, nā wahi hoʻomoana i koho ʻia. A ʻo ko lākou manawa hoʻomaha he ʻelua paha pule.
E lele ana ʻo Cranes maʻa mau, e piʻi aʻe ana ma luna o ka honua i kahi kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kilomita, ʻoiai e neʻe ana i ka lewa, hopu lākou i nā kahe e piʻi ana i luna. Inā maikaʻi ʻole ke kuhikuhi ʻana o ka makani no lākou, kū lākou i ka piʻo a i ʻole ke kāʻei.
ʻO kēia ʻano hana e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka ea a kōkua i kēia mau huakaʻi hele ʻēheu e mālama i ko lākou ikaika.
I ka hōʻea ʻana i nā pūnaewele pūnana, kū wale ia mau manu ma kā lākou pūnaewele (ʻo ia kahi ʻāina i noho mau i kahi ākea a hiki i kahi mau kilomika kilomika) a pale ikaika iā lākou mai nā mea i loaʻa i ka poʻe hoʻokūkū ʻO ka manawa ala ala no ia mau manu he lā. Hānai lākou i ke kakahiaka, a ʻo ke awakea hoʻi. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka hana o kēlā me kēia lā o kēia mau mea maʻemaʻe, ma ke ʻano he rula, e pili pū me ka mālama wā lōʻihi no kā lākou hulu ponoʻī.
Meaʻai kūpono
Crane – manu mana omnivorous. ʻO ka papaʻai o ia mau ʻelele o ke aupuni manu kaukaʻi ʻia i ka laha, a eia hoʻi, ma kahi o ka noho ʻana o ia mau manu, a me ke kau. Eia naʻe, laulā loa ia.
Mai ka hānai mea kanu hoʻohana lākou i kaʻuala, kulina, pi, bale, makemake nui lākou i nā wana palaoa, ʻai pū lākou i ka palaoa ponoʻī. Ke hoʻonohonoho nei i nā poho, nānā lākou i nā ʻōpuʻu o nā ʻano mea like ʻole o ka bog a me nā wai, a me nā hua.
ʻOluʻolu nā manu e noho kokoke i nā kino wai e hoʻopili i nā mollusks, nā nīnū, nā iʻa, a me nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi i kā lākou papaʻai.
I ke kauwela, ʻo nā ʻenela a me nā ʻelele makua kahi mea ʻai maikaʻi loa na nā manu ʻio. Kūpono nā moʻo a me nā hua manu no ka hānai ʻana iā lākou. ʻO nā Chicks mai ka ʻohana manuahi, kahi e koi pono ai i ka protein no ka ulu maʻamau, hānai ka hapanui i nā mea kolo.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o nā manu kō
Ke neʻe nei i nā manuahi, e hoʻi ana i kā lākou mau pūnaewele e hiki mai ana, e hana i kahi hulahula kūikawā me ka mele manu. Neʻe kēia mau mea ʻoluʻolu me kahi ala hele wāwae, paʻi i ko lākou mau ʻeheu a lele.
ʻO ia mau hula i ka ʻewa o ke kau moʻo kupaianaha loa i lawe ʻia e ke kāne. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma Iapana a me Karei kahi hulahula kulana kūikawā, nā poʻe hana e hoʻohālike i ka neʻe ʻana o ia mau manu.
I nā crane, he mea mau ka mālama ʻana i ke kūpaʻa i ka hoa a hiki i kona make ʻana, a no laila ʻaʻole e haki nā pālua o kēia mau mea ʻēheu me ke kumu ʻole. Koho nā lunamaka o nā lāhui neʻe i nā hoa no lākou iho a ma nā wahi hoʻoilo.
Noho nā manuahi noho i nā wahi me ke aniau maikaʻi, ma ke ʻano he lula, hoʻouluulu i ka wā o ka manawa, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e ʻike i ka hemahema o ka meaʻai i kēia manawa, he mea nui ia no ka hānau a me ka hānai ʻana i nā moa
Hūnā nā manu puaʻa i ko lākou mau pūnana nui (aia ke anawaena o lākou a i mau mika) i ka mauʻu mānoanoa e ulu ana i nā kihi hūnā ma nā kapa o nā waihona wai a i ʻole nā poho. No ke kūkulu ʻana iā lākou, hoʻohana lākou i nā mea hale maʻalahi, nā lālā, nā lāʻau, no ka mālama ʻāina ʻana - mauʻu maloʻo.
ʻO ka maʻamau ka paʻa o ka nui o nā laha i ʻelua mau hua manu, aia wale nō kekahi mau ʻano i ʻelima. Loaʻa nā hua manu i nā kala like ʻole. Hiki iā lākou, no ka laʻana, keʻokeʻo a polū polū paha, akā ʻo ka pinepine o ka uhi ʻana o ka hua manu i ka nui me nā kiko makahiki.
Hoʻokahi paha mahina ka lōʻihi o ka pā ʻana, a laila nā manuʻā, uhi ʻia i lalo, pao. Akā uhi ʻia nā moa me nā hulu maoli ma hope o kekahi mau mahina. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei ka hanauna ʻōpio. Akā ʻo kona mau lunamakaʻāinana i hiki i ka moekolohe ma mua o ʻehā mau makahiki ma hope (i loko o Siberian Cranes ma mua o ʻeono mau makahiki).
Crane ma waena o ka ʻohana hulu, ke kaena nei i kahi lōʻihi lili. ʻO nā makahiki o ia mau manu i nā kūlana kūlohelohe i koho ʻia ma 20 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha, a ʻo kēlā mau mea ʻēheu i mālama ʻia i ka noho pio ʻana, i kekahi mau hihia, ola a 80 mau makahiki.
