ʻElua wale nō ʻano o nā peʻa ʻelepani i kapa ʻia e like me ka ʻāpana o ka Honua honua. He holoholona kūikawā maoli kēia, ka moekolohe o nā keiki hānau hou e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka mahana o ka wai a me nā kūlana o ka manawa maʻamau.
Ka wehewehe o ka sila elepani
ʻO nā ʻike mua o nā mōlina elephant sila i hoʻi mai i hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki i hala... Ua loaʻa nā inoa o nā holoholona ma muli o kahi kaʻina liʻiliʻi ma kahi o ka waha, e like me ke kumu o kahi ʻelepani. ʻOiai ʻo ia hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe e "kāne" ʻia e nā kāne wale nō. Mālie ka waha o nā wahine me ka ihu maʻa mau. Ma ka ihu o kēlā a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he vibrissae - hypersensitive antennae.
Hoihoi ia!I kēlā me kēia makahiki, hoʻolilo nā sila elepani i ka hapalua o ke kau hoʻoilo. I kēia manawa, kolo lākou i waho i ke kahakai, pehu ko lākou ʻili me nā huʻa he nui a puka maoli i nā papa. Nānā maikaʻi ʻole ia, a ʻoliʻoli hou ʻole ke ʻano.
He ʻeha ke kaʻina hana, e hōʻoluʻolu ana i ka holoholona. Ma mua o ka pau ʻana o nā mea āpau a uhi ʻia kona kino me ka huluhulu hou, e hala ana ka manawa he nui, e lilo ana ka holoholona i kaupaona, e nānā i ka luhi a me ke ʻano haggard. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka molt, hoʻi hou nā sila ʻelepani i ka wai e kiʻi i ka momona a hoʻopiha i ko lākou ikaika no ka hui e hiki mai ana me ka wahine ʻē aʻe.
Helehelena
ʻO kēia nā lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o ka ʻohana sila. Kūlike lākou i ka honua āpau i ʻelua mau ʻano - hema a ʻākau. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka nui o nā kamaʻāina o ka ʻāina hema ma mua o ka poʻe o ka ʻĀkau. Hoʻomaopopo loa ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe i kēia mau holoholona. ʻO nā kāne (hema a ʻākau hoʻi) ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO ke kaulike kāne makua kāne he kaumaha ma kahi o 3000-6000 kg a hiki i ka lōʻihi o ʻelima mau mika. ʻAʻole hiki i ka wahine ke hōʻea i 900 kilokilo a ulu ma kahi o 3 mau mika. ʻAʻole i emi ma lalo o 33 mau ʻano o nā pinnipeds, a ʻo nā sila elepani ka mea nui o nā mea āpau.
Aia ke kala o ka ʻaʻahu o ka holoholona i nā kumu like ʻole, e like me ka moekolohe o ka holoholona, nā ʻano, ka makahiki a me ke kau. Ke hilinaʻi nei iā lākou, hiki i ka ʻahuʻula ke ʻulaʻula, ke kukui a i ʻole ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a hina paha. ʻO ke kumu, ʻoi aku ka pouli o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, kokoke ko lākou lauoho i kahi kala honua. Lawe ka hapanui i nā hulu pena iole. Mai kahi mamao aku, ʻo nā ʻohana ʻelepani i kolo i waho e iho i ka lā e like me nā pilikua nui.
He kino nui ko ka sila elepani e like me ke ʻano oval. Hoʻololi ʻia nā paws o ka holoholona i nā lola, i maʻalahi no ka neʻe wikiwiki ʻana i ka wai. Ma nā wēlau o nā lime mua nā manamana pūnaewele me nā māiʻuʻuʻoiʻoi, i kekahi mau hihia i hiki i ka lōʻihi o ʻelima mau kenimika. Pōkole loa nā wāwae o ka sila elepani e neʻe wikiwiki i ka ʻāina. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ala o kahi holoholona nunui-tone he 30-35 kenimika wale nō, no ka mea, ua hoʻololi hou ʻia nā lālā hope e kahi huelo kakakea. Liʻiliʻi ke poʻo o ka sila sila elephant, pili i ka nui o ke kino, e kahe mālie i loko ona. ʻEleʻele nā maka, ke ʻano o ka oval pālahalaha.
Ka nohona ola, hana
Ma ka ʻāina, clumsy loa kēia waiū waiū wai nui. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻopili ka sila o ka ʻelepa i ka wai, lilo ia i mea luʻu ʻauʻau maikaʻi loa, e hoʻomohala nei i ka wikiwiki a 10-15 mau kilomika i kēlā me kēia hola. ʻO kēia nā holoholona nui e alakaʻi i kahi nohona noho kaʻawale i ka wai. Hoʻokahi wale nō lākou i ka makahiki e ʻākoakoa lākou i nā kolone no ka hana hou a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o ka sila elepani
Noho nā sila Elepani mai 20 a 22 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ke mau o ke ola o nā ʻīlio ʻelepani ʻākau he 9 mau makahiki wale nō.... Eia kekahi, ola nā wahine i kahi ʻoi loa o ka nui ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO nā hewa āpau ia o nā hōʻeha he nui i loaʻa i ke kāne kāne i nā hakakā no ka hoʻokūkū.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa kāne i haʻi ʻia kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona keu loa o nā sila elepani ʻākau. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui a me ke kaumaha o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine, akā he kumu nui, ʻelepani hoʻi lākou, pono no lākou e hakakā a hōʻike i ko lākou kiʻekiʻe i ka ʻenemi. Eia kekahi, kahi hiʻohiʻona i loaʻa i ka moʻo elepani kāne ka wili ma ka ʻāʻī, ka umauma a me nā poʻohiwi, i loaʻa i ke kaʻina o nā kaua pau ʻole no ke alakaʻi i ka wā hānau.
ʻO ke kāne makua wale nō kahi kumu nui e like me ka kumu o ka ʻelepani. He kūpono hoʻi ia no ka hana ʻana i ka uwo moʻo kuʻuna. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia o kahi proboscis e ʻae i ka sila elepani e hoʻonui i ke kani o ke kaniʻuhū ʻana, ke kaniʻuhū ʻana, a me nā kani pahu kani i hiki ke lohe ʻia mai nā mile ka mamao. Hana pū ia ma ke ʻano he kānana hoʻoluʻu momona. I ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana, ʻaʻole haʻalele nā ʻīlio ʻelepa i ka ʻāina, no laila, maikaʻi loa ka mālama ʻana i ka wai.
ʻO nā wahine ke kauoha o ka nui o ka pouli ma mua o nā kāne. ʻAla ʻeleʻele pinepine lākou i ke kala me nā mea koʻikoʻi a puni ka ʻāʻī. Noho kēlā mau kiko mai nā nahu palena ʻole o nā kāne i ke kaʻina o ka moena. ʻO ka nui o nā kāne mai 4-5 mika, wahine 2-3 mika. ʻO ke kaupaona o kahi kāne makua he 2 a 3 mau ton, aneane hiki ʻole nā wahine i ke tona, he 600-900 kilokilo ke kau ana i ka awelika.
Nā ʻano o nā sila Elepani
Aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻelua o nā sila elepani - ʻākau a hema hoʻi. Nui loa nā sila Elepani Hema. ʻAʻole like me ka nui o nā mea hānai kai ʻē aʻe (e like me nā koholā a me nā dugong), ʻaʻole wai kēia mau holoholona. Noho lākou ma kahi o 20% o ko lākou ola ma ka ʻāina, a 80% i ke kai. Hoʻokahi wale nō manawa o ka makahiki ke kolo lākou i waho i nā kapa e hoʻoheheʻe a hana i ka hana o ka hana hou.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Loaʻa nā sila elepani ʻĀkau i ka wai o Kanada a me Mekiko, ʻoiai nā sila elephant hema i ʻike ʻia ma nā kahakai o Nūhōlani, ʻApelika Hema a me ʻAtenitina. ʻO nā kolone o kēia mau holoholona i nā ao holoʻokoʻa e kolo i nā kahakai e moult a hakakā paha no kahi kāne. Hiki i kēia ke hana, ma ka laʻana, ma kekahi kahakai mai Alaska a Mexico.
Meaʻai Elephant Seal
He holoholona ʻaihue ka sila Elepani... Loaʻa i kāna papa kuhikuhi nā cephalopods e noho ana i ke kai hohonu. ʻO kēia nā heʻe, heʻe, nā pahi, nā kukuna, nā heʻe hau, nā crustacea. Eia kekahi ʻano iʻa, krill, a i kekahi manawa ʻo penguins pū kekahi.
E ʻimi nā kāne i ka lalo, ʻoiai e hele nā wahine i ke kai ākea e loaʻa ka meaʻai. Hoʻohana nā sila Elephant i ka vibrissae e hoʻoholo ai i kahi a me ka nui o nā meaʻai kūpono, e ʻike nei i nā pio e nā loli iki o ka wai.
Luu ka sila Elepani i ka hohonu. Hiki i ke sila ʻelepani elepani ke hoʻolilo i ʻelua hola ma lalo o ka wai, e luʻu ana a hohonu o ʻelua mau kilomita... He aha ka hana pololei a nā sila elepani i kēia mau luʻu epic, maʻalahi ka pane - hānai. ʻOiai e hoʻokaʻawale ana i ka ʻōpū o nā sila elephant i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, nui nā heʻe i loaʻa. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ka papa kuhikuhi nā iʻa a i ʻole kekahi ʻano o crustacea.
Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hele nui nā sila ʻelepani ʻākau i ʻĀkau i Alaska e hoʻopihapiha i kā lākou waihona momona ponoʻī ma ka ʻāina. Pono ka papaʻai o kēia mau holoholona i ka mākaukau luʻu hohonu. Hiki iā lākou ke luʻu i kahi hohonu o 1500 mau mika, e noho ana ma lalo o ka wai a hiki i kahi piʻi keu ma kahi o 120 mau minuke. ʻO ka luʻu nui loa ma kahi hohonu o ka pāpaʻu, akā naʻe, ma kahi o 20 mau minuke ka lōʻihi. ʻOi aku ma mua o 80% o ka manawa o ka makahiki i ka hānai ʻana i ke kai e hāʻawi i ka ikehu no ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me nā kau moulting, ʻaʻole i ʻae no ka hānai hānai ʻana.
ʻO ka hale kūʻai nui o ka momona ʻaʻole wale ia ka hoʻololi pilikino e hiki ai i kahi holoholona ke manaʻo nui i kahi hohonu nui. ʻO nā sila Elephant he mau lawehala kūikawā i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke mālama i nā kālā oxygenated keu. ʻAe kēia iā ʻoe e luʻu a mālama i ka ea ma kahi o ʻelua mau hola. Hiki iā lākou ke mālama i ka oxygen i nā mākala me ka myoglobin.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO nā sila Elepani nā holoholona mehameha. Hoʻākoakoa pū lākou wale no nā manawa o ka hoʻoheheʻe a me ka hana hou ʻana, ma ka ʻāina. I kēlā me kēia hoʻoilo hoʻi lākou i ko lākou mau kolone ʻohana mua. Hiki i nā sila elephant wahine ke oʻo makua i ka makahiki 3 a 6 mau makahiki, a ʻo nā kāne i ka makahiki 5 a 6 mau makahiki. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo no ke kāne i hiki i kēia mau makahiki e komo i ka hana hou. No kēia, ʻaʻole ia i manaʻo ʻia he ikaika, no ka mea, e hakakā ʻo ia no ka wahine. Ma ka hōʻea ʻana i ka makahiki 9-12 e loaʻa iā ia ka nui a me ka ikaika i mea e hoʻokūkū ai. I kēia makahiki wale nō hiki i kahi kāne ke loaʻa ke kūlana Alpha, ka mea e hāʻawi iā ia i ke kuleana e "nona kahi harem".
Hoihoi ia!E hakakā nā kāne kekahi i kekahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaumaha o ke kino a me nā niho. ʻOiai he laha ʻole ka make ʻana i ka make, maʻamau nō nā makana scarring scarring. ʻO ka harem o kahi kāne kāne Alpha mai 30 a 100 mau wahine.
Hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā kāne ʻē aʻe i ka lepa o ke kolone, i kekahi manawa hui me nā wahine ʻoi iki "maikaʻi" ma mua o ka kipaku ʻana o ke kāne Alpha iā lākou. ʻO nā kāne, ʻoiai ke kō ʻana o ka mahele o nā "lede" i hoʻomau ʻia e hoʻomau i ka noho ʻana ma ka ʻāina i ka wā holoʻokoʻa, e pale ana i nā panalāʻau i noho ʻia i ka hakakā. Minamina, i loko o ia mau hakakā, ʻeha pinepine nā wahine a make nā keiki hānau hou. ʻOiai, i ke kaʻina o ke kaua, piʻi aʻe kahi holoholona nui, ʻeono tone i ke kiʻekiʻe o kona kiʻekiʻe ponoʻī a hāʻule i ka ʻenemi me ka ikaika hiki ʻole ke noʻonoʻo ʻia, e luku ana i nā mea āpau i kona ala.
Hoʻomaka ka pōʻai hānau hānau o ka sila ʻĀlani ʻelepani i Kekemapa. I kēia manawa, kolo aku nā kāne nui i nā kahakai neoneo. ʻO ka nui o nā wahine hāpai e ukali koke i nā kāne e hana i nā hui nui e like me nā harem. He kāne kāne kūʻokoʻa kā kēlā me kēia hui wahine. ʻO ka hoʻokūkū no ka noho aliʻi ka mea ikaika loa. Hoʻokumu ke kāne i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe ma o ka nānā ʻana, nā hana, nā ʻano snorts a me nā ʻōhumu, e hoʻonui ana i kā lākou leo me kā lākou kumu ponoʻī. Hoʻopau nā hakakā Spectacular me ka nui o nā mutilation a me nā ʻeha i waiho ʻia e nā ʻāʻī o ka hoa paio.
Ma hope o 2-5 mau lā ma hope o ka noho ʻana o ka wahine ma ka ʻāina, hānau ʻo ia he pēpē. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o kahi sila elepani pēpē, hānai ka makuahine iā ia me ka waiū no kekahi manawa. ʻO ia ʻano meaʻai, hūnā ʻia e ke kino o ka wahine, ma kahi o 12% momona. Ma hope o ʻelua mau pule, hoʻonui kēia helu i ka 50%, e loaʻa ana i kahi likelika like me nā jelly. No ka hoʻohālikelike, loaʻa i ka waiū o ka bipi he 3.5% momona wale nō. Hānai ka wahine i kāna keiki ma kēia ala ma kahi o 27 mau lā. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e ʻai i kekahi mea, akā hilinaʻi wale i kāna mālama momona ponoʻī. Ma mua iki o ka ukuhi ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōpio mai ko lākou makuahine a hele aku i kā lākou huakaʻi ponoʻī, male hou ka wahine me ke kāne nui a hoʻi i ke kai.
No ʻehā a ʻeono pule hou aku, komo ikaika nā pēpē i ka ʻauʻau ʻana a me ka luʻu ʻana ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana i ke kahakai kahi i hānau ʻia ai lākou e hoʻolilo i ʻeono mau mahina e hiki mai ana i ke kai. ʻOiai ka mālama momona, e ʻae ai iā lākou e nele i ka meaʻai no ka manawa lōʻihi, kiʻekiʻe loa ka make o nā pēpē i kēia wā. No ʻeono mau mahina aʻe, e hele lākou ma kahi laina maikaʻi, ʻoiai i kēia manawa e make ana ma kahi o 30% o lākou.
Ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā wahine hānau ʻaʻole hānau kahi pēpē. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana o ka wahine ma kahi o 11 mau mahina, a ma hope e hānau ʻia kahi ʻōpala o hoʻokahi keiki. No laila, ua hōʻea nā wahine i ka pūnaewele hānau "ma ke kaʻe", ma hope o ka male ʻana o ka makahiki i hala. A laila hānau lākou a hele hou i ka ʻoihana. ʻAʻole ʻai nā makuahine i hoʻokahi mahina piha e hānai ai i kā lākou pēpē.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Pilikia loa nā peʻa ʻelepani elepani. A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻai pinepine ʻia lākou e nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe e like me ke kohola kohola a i ʻole ka manō. Pēlā nō, hiki i kahi ʻāpana nui o nā ʻīlio pēpē ke make ma muli o nā kaua kāne he nui no ke alakaʻi.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Alualu pinepine ʻia kēia mau holoholona no kā lākou ʻiʻo, hulu hipa a me ka momona.... Ua kipaku ʻia nā ʻano ʻākau a ʻākau hoʻi a hiki i ka lihi o ka make. I ka manawa o 1892, ua manaʻo ʻia ua pau loa. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, i ka makahiki 1910, ua ʻike ʻia kahi kolone hoʻokahi ma kahi kokoke o Guadalupe Island, kokoke i lalo o Kaleponi. Ma kahi kokoke i ko mākou manawa, ua hana ʻia kekahi mau kānāwai mālama kai hou e pale aku ai iā lākou a ua loaʻa nā hopena.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- Manatees (Latin Trichechus)
- Dugong (lat. Dugong dugon)
I kēia lā, ʻoluʻolu, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻoweliweli hou ʻia, ʻoiai ua ʻeha pinepine ʻia a make ʻia e ka hihia i nā mea lawaiʻa, nā wāwahi a me nā hoʻokuʻi me nā waʻa. I ka manawa like, ua hāʻawi ka hui IUCN i ke kūlana mālama o "Least Concern of Extinction" i nā sila elepani.
