Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho o nā kukama kai
Holothuria He holoholona kupaianaha ia e like me ke ʻano o ka mea kanu. Pili kēia holoholona i ka papa o invertebrates, ke ʻano o echinod germ. ʻO kēia mau "sausages kai", a ʻo kēia ke ʻano o ko lākou ʻano, he nui nā inoa - kukama kai, trepang, ginseng kai.
Papa Holothurian hui pū i nā laha he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi - 1150. He ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia ʻano mai nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o kēia papa ma nā ʻano like ʻole. No laila nā mea āpau kūmole kukama ua hoʻohui ʻia i 6 ʻano. ʻO nā pae hoʻohālikelike i lawe ʻia i ka wā e hoʻokaʻawale ana penei: anatomical, kūwaho a me nā ʻano genetics. No laila, e kamaʻāina me nā ʻano kukama kai:
1. ʻAʻohe o nā kukama kai wāwae ʻole nā wāwae kaʻa kaʻa. ʻAʻole like me ko lākou ʻohana ʻē aʻe, ʻae maikaʻi lākou i ka desalination o ka wai, kahi i hoʻopili i ka wahi noho. Hiki ke loaʻa kahi heluna nui ʻole o nā wāwae ʻole i nā kūmū kai bakau o ka Ras Mohamed Nature Reserve.
2. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kukama kai wāwae wāwae me nā wāwae ambulacral ma nā ʻaoʻao. Hāʻawi lākou i ka makemake i ke ola ma kahi hohonu.
3. Nā kukama o ke kai e like me ka barela. ʻO ke kinona o ko lākou kino he fusiform. Pēlā ʻano o nā kukama kai hoʻomaʻa i ke ola i ka honua.
4. ʻO nā kukama o ka kai tentbular Arboreal ka mea maʻamau. Hoʻopili kēia ʻano i nā kukama kai mua loa.
5. He mau halelewa pōkole ko ka thyroid-tentacles i hū ʻole i loko o ke kino.
6. Hoʻohui nā Dactylochirotids i nā trepangs me 8 a 30 mau halelewa.
Holothuria kai, ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa a me ka hiki ke hoʻololi i kēlā me kēia nohona, loaʻa i loko o ʻaneʻane nā kai āpau. ʻO nā mea koe wale nō ka moana Caspian a me Baltic.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka moana ākea no ko lākou ola. ʻĀpana puʻupuʻu nui loa kūkamo kai i ka wai tropical a subtropical. Hiki i kēia mau kukama ke hoʻonā i ka wai papau a me ke kaumaha o ke kai hohonu. ʻO ko lākou puʻuhonua nui nā ʻākoʻakoʻa a me nā lepo pōhaku i ulu ʻia e nā mea kanu.
Lōʻihi ke kino o kēia poʻe e noho ana i ka wai i loko o ka wai, no laila paha i kapa ʻia lākou he mau kukama kai. ʻ roughpala a ʻili ka ʻili. Hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia nā mākala āpau. Aia he waha ma kekahi wēlau o ke kino, a he anus ma kekahi. Aia nā tentacles a puni ka waha.
Me kā lākou kōkua, lālau ke kai ginseng i ka meaʻai a hoʻouna i loko o ka waha. Moni ʻole lākou i ka ʻai, no ka mea ʻaʻohe o lākou niho. ʻAʻole i hāʻawi ka ʻĀina i kēia mau moʻohe me ka lolo, a ʻo ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana wale nō kekahi mau ʻāʻī e pili ana i kahi pūpū.
Kūkamo kai ʻo Holothuria
Hiʻona hiwahiwa kukama kai ʻo ia kā lākou ʻōnaehana uila. ʻO nā māmā wai o kēia mau holoholona kupaianaha e hāmama i mua o ke anus i loko o ka cloaca, kahi mea maʻamau ʻole no nā meaola ola ʻē aʻe.
ʻĀlohilohi ke kala o kēia mau holoholona. Hele mai lākou i ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula, uliuli a me ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Aia ke kala o ka ʻili ma hea ola ke kukama o ke kai... Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ko lākou kala me ka hoʻolālā kala o ka ʻāina ma lalo o ka wai. ʻAʻohe o nā palena o ka nui o nā "ʻenuhe loko". Hiki iā lākou mai 5 mm a 5 m.
Ke ʻano a me ka nohona o ka kūkoma kai
ʻO ka nohona Holothurian - hana ʻole. ʻAʻole lākou i wikiwiki, a kolo mālie ma mua o nā kuhukukū. Neʻe lākou i ke kai ma ko lākou mau ʻaoʻao, ʻoiai ma laila ko lākou mau wāwae.
I loko o ke kiʻi, ʻo ka ginseng kai kukama kai
Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i kahi ala maʻamau ʻole o ka hele a puni kiʻi o nā kukama kai... I loko o ia mau hele wāwae, kiʻi lākou i nā mea momona o ka meaolaola mai ka lalo me ke kōkua o nā tentacles.
Nui lākou i ka hohonu. No laila ma kahi hohonu o 8 km, manaʻo ka ginseng kai iā ia iho he mea nona ka waiwai piha, a ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻamau. Hana lākou i 90% o nā poʻe noho ma lalo loa i ka hohonu.
Akā ʻo kēia mau "ʻona mea nona" nā ʻenemi. Pono nā Holothurians e pale iā lākou iho mai ka iʻa, starfish, crustacean a me kekahi ʻano molluscs. No ka pale, hoʻohana nā kukama kai i kahi "mea kaua kūikawā". I ka hihia o ka makaʻu, hiki iā lākou ke ʻaelike a hoʻolei i kā lākou mea i loko i ka wai.
Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻo kēia nā ʻōpū a me nā genital. No laila, ua nalo ka ʻenemi a i ʻole e ʻahaʻaina nei i kēia "ballast drop", ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka kukama, ʻoiai e pakele ana mai ke kahua kaua. Hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā ʻāpana kino a pau i nalowale i loko o 1.5-5 mau pule a ke hoʻomau nei ke ola o ka kukama kai e like me ma mua.
Pale ʻia kekahi ʻano i kekahi ʻano ʻokoʻa. I ka wā o ka hakakā me ka ʻenemi, hana lākou i nā enzyme ʻino e make make no nā iʻa he nui.
No ka poʻe, ʻaʻole weliweli kēia mea, ʻo ka mea nui ʻaʻole ia e komo i nā maka. Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka poʻe e hoʻohana i kēia mea no kā lākou pono iho: no ka lawaiʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻokuke ʻana i ka manō.
Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻenemi, he mau hoaaloha ko ka ginseng kai. Ma kahi o 27 mau ʻano iʻa o ka ʻohana carapace e hoʻohana i nā holothurians ma ke ʻano he home. Noho lākou i loko o kēia mau holoholona ʻano ʻole, e hoʻohana ana iā lākou ma ke ʻano he puʻuhonua inā pilikia.
I kekahi manawa e ʻai kēia mau "iʻa kukama" i nā mea hoʻohua a me nā hanu o nā kukama kai, akā ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke hana hou, ʻaʻole kēia e hōʻeha nui i nā "ʻona".
ʻAi ʻo Holothuria e noʻonoʻo ʻaʻole wale i ka poʻe i lalo o ka wai, akā i ka poʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Trepangi no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā mea ʻono, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻi. ʻAno ʻole lākou akā olakino loa.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i ka wā e kiʻi ai ʻoe i ka kukama kai i ka papa, pono ʻoe e kāpīpī iā ia me ka paʻakai e paʻakikī. Inā ʻole, ma ke kāhea ʻana me ka ea, e palupalu ka shellfish a like me ka jelly.
Nānā Holothurian
Manaʻo ʻia nā kukama kai nā hoʻonohonoho o ke kai a me nā kai. ʻAi lākou i ke koena o nā holoholona i make. Piʻi mau ka waha o ko lākou waha i mea e hopu ai i ka meaʻai me ke kōkua o nā tentacles.
Hoʻololi ka helu o nā tentacles mai nā ʻano a i nā ʻāpana. ʻO kā lākou helu nui loa he 30, a ke ʻimi nei lākou āpau i ka meaʻai. Lick kēlā me kēia tentacles o ka kukama kai.
ʻAi kekahi ʻano i ka limu, a ʻo kekahi ma nā ʻōpala a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. Ua like lākou me nā mea holoi holoi, ʻohiʻohi i nā meaʻai i kāwili ʻia me ka silt a me ke one mai lalo. Hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻōpū o kēia mau holoholona e koho i nā mea momona wale nō, a hoʻihoʻi i nā mea āpau i waho.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o nā kukama kai
Loaʻa i nā Holothurians he 2 ala o ka hana hou ʻana: moe kolohe a me asexual. I ka hana kolohe ʻana, hoʻokuʻu ka wahine i nā hua i loko o ka wai. Ma ʻaneʻi, ma waho, hoʻomomona nā hua.
Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ʻikea mai nā larvae mai nā hua manu. I ko lākou ulu ʻana, hele kēia mau pēpē i nā hanana 3: dipleurula, auricularia a me dololaria. I ka mahina mua o ko lākou ola, hānai wale nā larvae i nā limu unicellular.
ʻO ka lua o ke koho hānau ʻana he hānau ponoʻī. I kēia hihia, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka poʻe holothurians, e like me nā mea kanu. Ma hope o ka manawa, ulu kekahi mau mea hou mai kēia mau ʻāpana. Hiki i kēia mau mea kupaianaha ke ola mai 5 a 10 mau makahiki.
