ʻO ke kaʻa wai ka hana nui e hana ʻia ma ka honua, nāna e hāʻawi i ke ola no nā mea ola āpau, mai nā holoholona liʻiliʻi a me nā mea kanu i nā kānaka. Pono ka wai i ke ola o nā meaola āpau me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole. Lawe ʻo ia i nā hana kemika, kino, a me nā meaola. Uhi ka wai i 70.8% o ka ʻili o ka Honua, a hana ʻia i ka hydrosfer - ʻāpana o ka biosfer. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pūpū wai i nā kai a me nā moana, nā muliwai a me nā loko, nā wai wai a me nā wai wai, nā waihona wai i hana ʻia, a me nā permafrost a me nā aniani, nā kinoea a me nā mahu, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā kino wai āpau i nā mokuʻāina ʻekolu (ʻenekini, wai a paʻa paha) no ka hydrosphere. ).
Waiwai pōʻaiapuni
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o ka pōʻai wai i ke kūlohelohe he kiʻekiʻe loa ia, no ka mea ma muli o kēia kaʻina hana, aia kahi pilina a me ka hana piha o ka lewa, hydrosphere, biosphere a me ka lithosfer. ʻO ka wai ke kumu o ke ola, ke hāʻawi nei i nā mea ola āpau i kahi manawa e noho ai. Hāpai ia i nā mea nui a puni ka Honua a hāʻawi i ka hana nui piha no nā meaola āpau.
I ke kau mahana a ma lalo o ka mana o ka pāhawewe lā, hoʻomaka ka wai e lilo i mahu, hoʻololi i kahi mokuʻāina ʻelua (gas). ʻO ka wai e komo ana i ka lewa i ke ʻano o ka mahu he hou; no laila, kapa ʻia nā wai o ka Honua Honua he "hale hana wai hou". Ke piʻi aʻe nei i luna, hui ka māhu i nā ea anuanu, mai laila mai e hoʻololi ai i nā ao. ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻi ka wai i hoʻonoe ʻia i ka moana ma ke ʻano he ua.
Ua hoʻolauna ka ʻepekema i ka manaʻo o "Pōʻai wai nui i ke kūlohelohe", kāhea kekahi i kēia hana ʻo World. ʻO ka laina lalo kēia: ʻohiʻohi ʻia ka wai ma luna o ka wai kai i ke ʻano o ka ua, a ma hope e neʻe kekahi o ia mau ʻāina. Ma laila, hāʻule ka ua i ka honua a, me ke kōkua o ka wai hoʻoneʻe, hoʻi i ka Moana Honua. Pili ia i kēia kumumanaʻo e hoʻololi i ka wai mai ka paʻakai a i ka wai hou a ʻo ka hope ke kū. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kekahi ʻano o ka "lawe" ʻana o ka wai i ke alo o ia mau kaʻina hana e like me ka evaporation, condensation, Precision, water runoff. E nānā pono i kēlā me kēia pae o ka pōʻai wai i ke ʻano.
- Evaporation - pili kēia hana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wai mai kahi wai i kahi mokuʻāina. Hana ʻia kēia ke wela ka wai, a ma hope e piʻi aʻe i ka lewa i ke ʻano o ka mahu (evaporates). Hana ʻia kēia hana i kēlā me kēia lā: ma nā ʻili o nā kahawai a me nā moana, ke kai a me nā loko, ma muli o ka hou o kahi kanaka a holoholona paha. Hoʻopau mau ka wai, akā ʻike wale ʻoe i ka wā mehana.
- ʻO ka condensation kahi hana kūikawā e hoʻohuli i ka mahu i hope i wai. Ke launa nei me nā kahawai o ke ea anuanu, hoʻoulu ka mahu i ka wela, a ma hope a hoʻololi ʻia i wai. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hopena o ke kaʻina ma ke ʻano o ka hau, ka noe a me nā ao.
- Fallout - ke kuʻi nei kekahi i kekahi a me ka hele ʻana i nā kaʻina hana hoʻoliʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o nā kulu wai i nā ao a hāʻule i ka honua a i loko o ka wai. Ma muli o ka wikiwiki, ʻaʻohe o lākou manawa e mahu ai, no laila ʻike pinepine mākou i ka ua ma ke ʻano o ka ua, ka hau a me ka huahekili.
- Holo ka wai - hāʻule i ka honua, lawe ʻia kekahi mau sediment i loko o ka lepo, kahe kekahi i ke kai, a hānai kekahi i nā mea kanu a me nā kumulāʻau. Hoʻopili ʻia ke koena o ka wai a hāʻawi ʻia i ka wai o nā moana e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻauwai.
Lawe pū ʻia, nā pae i luna e hana i ka pōʻai wai i ke kūlohelohe. Ke loli mau nei ka mokuʻāina o ka wai, ʻoiai e hoʻokuʻu ʻia a komo ka ikehu wela. Lawe pū ke kāne a me nā holoholona i kahi hana paʻakikī e ka omo ʻana i ka wai. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kanaka e ka hoʻomohala ʻia ʻana o nā ʻoihana like ʻole, ka hana ʻana i nā dam, nā waihona wai, a me ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā ululāʻau, ka hoʻoheheʻe wai a me ka hoʻoulu wai o ka ʻāina.
Aia kekahi mau pōʻai wai liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano: ka pae ʻaina a me ka moana. ʻO ke kumu o ka hana hope loa ka evaporation, condensation a me ka ua pololei i loko o ke kai. Hiki ke hana i kahi ʻano like ma ka ʻili o ka honua, kahi i kapa ʻia ka pōʻaiapuni wai liʻiliʻi mau. ʻO kekahi ala a i ʻole ʻē aʻe, nā heleleʻi āpau, me ka nānā ʻole i kahi i hāʻule ai, e hoʻi nō i ka wai kai.
ʻOiai hiki i ka wai ke wai, paʻa a me ke kinoea, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hōʻuluʻulu.
Nā ʻano o ka pōʻai wai
ʻEkolu ʻano o ka pōʻai wai e hiki ai ke kapa ʻia ma ke ʻano maʻamau:
- Kaapuni honua. Ke hana nei ka mahu nui ma luna o ka moana. Ke piʻi aʻe nei i luna, lawe ʻia i ka ʻāina e nā kahawai lewa, kahi e hāʻule ai me ka ua a me ka hau. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻi hou nā muliwai a me nā wai i lalo i ka moana
- Liʻiliʻi. I kēia hihia, kū nā mokuahi ma luna o ka moana a piʻi pololei i luna i laila ma hope o kekahi manawa.
- ʻĀinapuniʻole. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia pōʻai ma loko wale nō o ka ʻāina nui. Hoʻopau ka wai o ka ʻāina a me nā wai o uka i ka lewa, a ma hope o kekahi manawa hoʻi i ka honua me ka ua a me ka hau
No laila, he kaʻina ka pōʻai wai ma muli o ka hopena o ka wai e hoʻololi ai i kona mokuʻāina, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, māʻona me nā mea hou. ʻAe ka pōʻaiapuni i nā ʻano ola āpau e holo. Ma muli o ka neʻe mau o ka wai, uhi ia i ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa o ka honua.
ʻO ke kiʻikuhi o ka pōʻai wai i ke kūlohelohe
