ʻO kahi poho kahi panalāʻau i nui ka momona, a hana ʻia kahi uhi kikoʻī o nā meaola ma luna o kona ʻili, kahi i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia, a laila lilo i peat. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka papa peat ma nā hoʻopaʻa he 30 kenimika ma ka liʻiliʻi. Ma ke ʻano laulā, pili nā mākū i ka ʻōnaehana hydrosfer honua.
ʻO nā mea hoihoi e pili ana i nā kahawai i:
- ʻo nā kūpuna kahiko loa ma ka honua i hana ʻia i ka wā mawaena o 350-400 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei;
- ʻo nā mea nui loa o ia wahi he mau wai kūpale i ka wai hālana o ka muliwai. ʻAmelona.
Nā ala pali
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi poho ma nā ʻano ʻelua: me ka huki wai ʻana o ka ʻāina a hoʻonui ʻia i nā kino wai. I ka hihia mua, ʻike ʻia kaū ma nā ʻano like ʻole:
- hōʻiliʻili ka momona i nā wahi hohonu;
- ʻike mau ʻia ka wai o ka honua ma luna o ka ʻili;
- me ka nui o ka ua lewa i ka lewa i loaʻa ʻole ka manawa e mahu ai;
- i nā wahi e hoʻopilikia ai nā mea kūpale i ke kahe o ka wai.
Ke hoʻomaʻū mau ka wai i ka ʻāina, hōʻiliʻili, a laila hiki ke hana kahi ʻōpala i kēia wahi i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa.
I ka lua o ka hihia, ʻike ʻia kahi bog i kahi o kahi wai, e laʻa me kahi loko a loko iʻa. Kū ka wai i ka wā e ulu nui ai ka wahi o ka wai mai ka ʻāina a i ʻole e emi ka hohonu ma muli o ka pāpaʻu. I ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi bog, hōʻiliʻili nā waihona a me nā minelala i loko o ka wai, piʻi nui ka nui o nā mea kanu, hoʻemi ka nui o ke kahe o ka wai, a kū ka wai i ka loko. ʻO ka flora, ka mea e hoʻonui ana i ka waihona wai, hiki i nā wai ʻelua, mai lalo o ka loko, a mai ka ʻāina nui. ʻO kēia nā moʻo, nā sedges a me nā ʻohe.
ʻO ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka peat i nā wahi kai
Ke hoʻokumu ʻia kahi poho, ma muli o ka nele o ka oxygen a me ka nui o ka momona, ʻaʻole e pau nā mea kanu i ka pala. Hāʻule nā mea make o ka flora i lalo a mai popopo, hōʻiliʻili i mau makahiki he mau makahiki, e lilo ana i puʻupuʻu paʻa o ka hue ʻalani Pēlā e hana ʻia ai ka peat, a no kēia kumu i kapa ʻia nā ʻōpala he mau pulu peat. Inā huki ʻia ka peat i loko o lākou, a laila kapa ʻia lākou he mau peat bogs. Ma ka awelika, ʻo 1.5-2 mika ka mānoanoa o ka papa, akā i kekahi manawa he 11 mau mika ka waiho. I kēlā wahi, ʻokoʻa ka sedge a me ka limu, ulu ka pine, birch a me alder.
Pēlā, aia kahi nui o nā marshes ma ka honua i nā manawa like ʻole o ka hoʻokumu ʻana. Ma lalo o kekahi mau ʻano, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka peat i loko o lākou, akā ʻaʻole naʻe nā bogs āpau he mau pele peat. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka peat bogs e ka poʻe no ka lawe ʻana i nā minelala, a laila hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka ʻoihana.
