I ke kūlohelohe i ka wā o ke ola o nā lāhui, kū mau nā ʻōnaehana anthropogenic e launa pū me ke kūlohelohe:
- kahua paʻa mua;
- nā noho;
- nā kauhale;
- nā kūlanakauhale;
- ʻāina mahiʻai;
- nā wahi hana;
- halihali hanahana, etc.
Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau mea āpau ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāina a ma nā ʻāina nui, e noho ana i kahi ākea o nā kahakai, a, no laila, lawe kēia mau ʻōnaehana i nā loli kolikoli i ke kaiapuni. Inā i ka wā kahiko a me ka wā kahiko ʻaʻole nui kēia mana i ke kūlohelohe, noho maluhia ka poʻe me nā kaiaolaola, a laila i ka Middle Ages, i ka wā o ka Renaissance a i kēia manawa, e ʻike nui ʻia kēia hihia.
Kekahi kikoʻī o ka hoʻokiwikā
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻōnaehana kūlohelohe-anthropogenic e ka pālua, ʻoiai e hōʻike ana i nā hiʻohiʻona kūlohelohe a anthropogenic. I kēia manawa i ka manawa, pili nā ʻōnaehana āpau i ke kaʻina o ke kūlanakauhale. Ua hoʻomaka kēia hanana i ka hopena o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa. ʻO nā hopena penei:
- e loli ka palena o ka noho ʻana;
- i nā kūlanakauhale aia kahi nui o ka ʻāina a me ke kaiaola;
- ke hoʻonui nei ka hoʻohaumia o ka biosphere;
- ke hoʻololi nei ke kūlana o ke kaiapuni;
- ke emi nei ka ʻāpana o nā kahiki i hoʻopili ʻole ʻia;
- pau nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe.
ʻO ka mokuʻāina ʻoi loa o ke kaiaola i nā ʻōnaehana kūlohelohe a anthropogenic e like me nā megacities. ʻO kēia nā kūlanakauhale o Ladana a me Nu Ioka, Tokyo a me Mexico City, Beijing a me Bombay, Buenos Aires a me Paris, Cairo a me Moscow, Delhi a me Shanghai. Hele mau ka papa inoa, ʻoiaʻiʻo. He nui nā pilikia kaiapuni o kēlā me kēia kūlanakauhale. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia i ka ea, ka hoʻohaunaele walaʻau, nā kūlana wai maikaʻi ʻole, ka hopena o ka hale kōmahana, a me ka ua waikawa. Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole kēia mau mea āpau i ka mokuʻāina o ke olakino kanaka wale nō, akā alakaʻi pū ʻia hoʻi i nā loli i ke kaiapuni, kahi hoʻemi o ka wahi o nā wahi kūlohelohe, ka luku ʻia o nā wahi flora a me ka hōʻemi ʻana o nā taupuna puaʻa.
Hoʻohui, loaʻa ka hopena o nā ʻōnaehana kūlohelohe a anthropogenic i ka kaolaola o nā ʻāina kokoke. ʻO kahi laʻana, i nā wahi kahi wahie ka wahie nui, ua hoʻopau ʻia nā hectares āpau o nā ululāʻau. Me ke kōkua o nā lāʻau, kūkulu wale ka poʻe i nā hale, akā hoʻomehana pū kekahi i ko lākou mau hale, hoʻomākaukau i ka meaʻai. Hana ʻia ka mea like ma nā wahi me nā uila a me nā lako kinoea kūpa ʻole.
No laila, anthropogenic a me nā ʻōnaehana-anthropogenic kūlohelohe, e like me nā wahi noho kanaka, kahi hopena nui i ka mokuʻāina o ke kaiapuni. Mahalo iā lākou, ua loli ke kūlana o nā kaiaola, ua hoʻohaumia ʻia nā pūpū āpau o ka honua a ua hoʻopau nui ʻia nā pono kūlohelohe o ka Honua.
