ʻO Gadfly - kahi parasite lele nui, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke lohe i nā moʻolelo kupaianaha he nui, e pili ana i kā lākou mau nahu weliweli a me nā larvae, ʻaʻole i waiho ʻia i ke kino o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia. Nui a hewahewa nā manaʻo kuhihewa e pili ana i nā ʻano maʻamau, ka nohona o kēia mau mea kolo, a ʻo ka mea nui ʻo kēia mau lele nunui e omo i ke koko. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole omo ke koko i nā mākua - ʻaʻole ʻai iki lākou i ka wā holoʻokoʻa o ko lākou ola ʻana, akā naʻe hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā mea ʻino he nui loa.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Gadfly
Pili nā Gadflies i ka ʻohana o dipterans, nā parasropods parasite, e pili ana i nā kaiaola i nā wahi noho kanaka, ʻo ia hoʻi, he mau lele synanthropic. Kau lākou i kā lākou mau hua i loko o ka ʻiʻo ola. I kēia manawa, aia ma kahi o 170 mau ʻano like ʻole o nā gadflies, a hiki i kekahi o lākou ke hōʻeha i ke olakino kanaka a hiki i kona make ʻana. ʻO nā fossil kahiko loa o kēia mau nalo i loaʻa i ʻAmelike Hui Pū ʻIa i nā sediment ma mua o 50 miliona mau makahiki, a hiki i ka Eocene.
Video: Gadfly
Nā ʻano weliweli o nā gadflies:
- ʻĀiwi ʻAmelika;
- equine a gastric paha;
- puʻupuʻu ʻōiwi bovine;
- ʻalalā a i ʻole nasopharyngeal ovine gadfly.
Kūleʻa lākou āpau i kahi o ka parasitism, ke ʻano o ka hoʻolauna ʻana i kā lākou mau hua i loko o ke kino o ka māmela, a me ke ʻano o ka waha e hāmama ana. Makemake kēlā me kēia ʻano e hoʻohana i kahi holoholona kikoʻī e hānai i kāna keiki. ʻO ka weliweli loa no nā kānaka ʻo ia ka lua a me ka gastric.
Mea hoihoi: I mea e maʻi ai i kēia mau parasite, pono wale kahi kanaka i kekahi manawa e ʻai i ka meaʻai, ma luna o ka hiolo i hāʻule ai nā hua o kahi gadfly. I loko o ke kino, hoʻomaka ka larvae e hoʻomōhala nui, e ʻai ana i kā lākou mea pio, a ua hoʻonele ʻia ka ikaika nui o ke kanaka. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o nā larvae ma o ke kino e hoʻonāuki i nā kaʻina hana pathological e hiki ai ke hōʻeha i nā pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi, pinepine nā hihia o ka make ʻana o ke kanaka.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka gadfly?
ʻOiai ka nui o nā ʻano o nā gadflies, he mau hiʻohiʻona maʻamau ko lākou āpau i ke ʻano o ko lākou kino a me kahi ʻano like.
- mai ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino mai 1.5 a 3 cm, e pili ana i ka laha;
- nalo ka hāmeʻa waha a i ʻole hoʻēmi ʻia, a ke nānā pono ʻia, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻāʻī e like me ka hale pule ma ke poʻo;
- kahi kumu me ka nui o villi;
- nā maka nunui me ka hoʻokahakaha kala like ʻole;
- poepoe ke kino, lawa ākea;
- he ʻeono mau wāwae o ka gadfly, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o nā wāwae i mua o nā ʻaoʻao hope;
- translucent nā ʻeheu me ka mole ʻeleʻele, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi ma mua o ke kino.
Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka laha a me ka nohona, ʻokoʻa ke kala o nā lele parasite. No nā latitude hema, aia ke ʻano o nā ʻalani ʻalani-ʻeleʻele i ke kino shaggy kikoʻī. I ke kūkulu ʻākau, loaʻa i kēia mau mea kolo ke ʻano mālie, a me ke kala nondescript: hina ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, nā aka like ʻole o ka uliuli. Huikau pinepine nā gadflies me nā birdflies, akā inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo pono i ke ʻano o kēia mau nalo, a laila nui nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau kolo, a ʻo nā mea ʻiʻo hoʻi e omo ana i ke koko.
Mea hoihoi: Hiki i nā Gadflies ke lele i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 120 km i kēlā me kēia hola, i like ia me ka wikiwiki o kahi dragonfly.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka larva gadfly he ʻano worm, a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 2-3 knm. Keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, mahele ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa. Ke neʻe nei me ke kōkua o nā ulu lou kūikawā.
Ma hea e noho ai ka gadfly?
Kiʻi: Kiʻi pepeke
Hoʻolahalaha kēia mau lele parasite ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa; noho lākou ma aneane o nā ʻāina āpau koe wale no nā wahi kahi anuanu loa a aia kahi minus mau. He thermophilic lākou a hoʻopuka wikiwiki i nā latitu hema - ma aneʻi e loaʻa ai lākou i nā nui. I Lūkia, ʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻano ma ka ʻākau o ka ʻāina, nā Ural, Siberia. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona e weliweli loa i ke ola a me ke olakino kanaka e noho wale nei i nā aniani wela, a ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ma ko mākou ʻāina.
No ka mea pono lākou i ka nui o nā mammals no ka hānau hou, noho lākou ma kahi o nā mahi holoholona a me nā wahi hānai. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi heluna nui o nā gadflies makua ma kahi o nā kahawai, nā ʻūhā, nā loko. Aloha lākou i ka mahanahana, ka lā a me ka hou. ʻO ka pinepine, holoholo nā gadflies ma waena o nā ululāʻau, nā māla a me nā kula, akā hoʻi hou lākou i ko lākou wahi noho mau a noho ma laila i ko lākou mau ola āpau.
Mea hoihoi: ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā hipa, nā bipi, nā gadflies e hoʻopōʻino nui i nā holoholona. Inā ma ka māla o ka ʻike o ke kanaka makua ʻaʻohe lawa o nā mea i loko o ke kino e hiki ai ke kau i nā hua, a laila hele ka hapa nui āpau i kahi holoholona, a laila make pinepine hoʻi i ka ʻeha. Akā ʻo kekahi mau parasite cavitary a subcutaneous hiki ke hana i nā haunaele koʻikoʻi i ka hana o nā meaola holoholona.
He aha ka ʻai a ka gadfly?
Kiʻi: lele lele
ʻAʻole hānai nā mākua, ʻaʻohe a lākou mea hana waha i hoʻomohala ʻia, a aia wale nā gadflies ma muli o nā mālama mua i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, a, ma ke ʻano he larva, "ʻai" i loko o ka meaola mammalian. I kona wā pōkole, ua nalowale kahi makua makua ma kahi o ka hapakolu o kona kaumaha a make no ka luhi nui. I mea e mālama ai i ka ikehu a hoʻolōʻihi i ka wā o ko lākou ola ʻana, i ka wā makani a me ke anuanu, hoʻāʻo nā wahine e neʻe iki e like me ka hiki, e noho ana i nā wahi mehameha i waena o ka mauʻu, i ka ʻili lāʻau.
Ulu nā ʻūlū i loko o kahi māmele me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā meaola i nā aʻa o kona kino. Hiki iā lākou ke neʻe i waena o kā lākou mea hoʻokipa, e koho ana i kahi kūpono a me ka momona no lākou iho. ʻIke ʻia kekahi mau laha i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, a ke oʻo lākou, hele i waho me nā mole o ka holoholona, ʻaʻole hele hohonu kekahi, kokoke i ka ʻili o ka ʻili.
I kekahi manawa hiki ka larvae i ka lolo o kā lākou mea hoʻokipa, parasitize a hiki i ka ʻōnohi maka, a makapō loa. I ke alo o nā parasites, nalowale wikiwiki ka meaolaola i hoʻopili ʻia, hoʻemi ke kaumaha, nā fistula ʻē aʻe i ka ʻili o ka ʻili, a ua hoʻohoka ʻia ka hana o nā meaola.
Mea hoihoi: ʻO nā gadflies ʻōpū he mau pepelu viviparous, hānau lākou i kā lākou larva a pīpī maoli i loko o nā puka ihu, nā maka o ka mea nona ka wā e hiki mai ana.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i ka mea e hana ana ke nahu ʻia kahi gadfly. E ʻike pehea e ola ai ka mea kolo i ka nahelehele.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Gadfly i kūlohelohe
No nā gadflies, ke ʻano o ka hoʻokumu ʻia o nā "harem kāne" i ka wā e ʻākoakoa ai nā kāne he nui i nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa. Lele nā wahine i ka wā o ka male ʻana iā lākou iho, a laila hele koke e ʻimi i kahi holoholona kūpono no ke kau ʻana i nā hua. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka parasite, ʻano ʻokoʻa nā wahine i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana: hele kekahi i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia me nā lele pōkole a kolo me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia, ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻopuni i ka pua, e hana ana i kahi kani ʻano nui.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Gadflies e ko lākou intrusiveness, ʻaʻole lākou e waiho wale i ka holoholona no ka manawa lōʻihi a hiki i ko lākou pahu hopu. ʻIke nā bipi i ke ʻano o kēia mau lele a ʻauhele pinepine i nā hui nui, a oki ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai a me ka hānai. Hana kolohe loa lākou a, i ke alo o kahi waihona wai nui kokoke, e komo a hiki i ko lākou mau puka ihu, akā ʻoiai i kēia hihia, he hana hoʻomohala maikaʻi nā gadflies.
ʻO ka hoʻomaka o ka lele o nā gadflies, ʻo kona lōʻihi e pili pono i nā kūlana zonal o kā lākou ulu ʻana. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka wāwae, nā mauna mauna, i ka waena waena, a pōkole hoʻi i nā wahi hema, ma ka palena ʻākau o ko lākou wahi noho. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka mahana o ka wela, ka makani a me ke kū ʻana o ka ua, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka manawa lele e 2-3 mau pule.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Kiʻi pepeke
Hele ka gadfly i loko o ka pōʻaiapuni piha o ka hoʻololi: kahi hua manu, kahi larva, kahi pupa, kahi imago - kahi makua. ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ke ola o ke ola ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki, ʻoiai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka imago mai hoʻokahi pule a hoʻokahi mahina, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka meaʻai mai waho. Ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hua, ʻimi ka wahine e kau iā lākou ma ka ʻili mammalian i ka hiki wawe.
Hoʻohana kekahi ʻano o nā gadflies i nā makika e hoʻolauna i kā lākou larvae i loko o ke kino o ka holoholona: no kēia mea, hoʻopili lākou i nā hua i nā wāwae o kēia mau holoholona omo koko, a ke hoʻopili aku ka makika i ka ʻili o ke kino o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, ua pā ka larva, komo i loko o ka puncture pūnaewele. Hiki i nā gadflies ʻōpū ke kau i kā lākou mau hua ma luna o nā mea kanu, nā meaʻai, a nā holoholona a laila e ʻai ai.
Hoʻomau ka larvae i ko lākou ulu ʻana i loko o kā lākou ʻōpū, a laila hele i waho me nā kōkō i loko o ke ʻano pēpē. Hiki i nā nalo ke hoʻopili i kā lākou mau hua i ka wahi o nā puka ihu, nā lehelehe o nā holoholona, i ka wā e palu ai lākou e ale nā holoholona iā lākou. Hōʻike ka wahine i hoʻokahi manawa i nā ʻāpana he 700 o nā hua manu, kahi āna e pono ai e hoʻopili koke i kahi wahi palekana, mehana. ʻO ka pinepine, pili ka gadfly i ka hulu o ka holoholona, kahi e hana ai nā larvae i loko o nā hua manu ma lalo o ka hopena o ka wela - ʻo ka hapalima wale nō o ka lāiki i koe.
A laila hele ka larvae i loko o ka epidermis a komo i loko o nā aʻa.
- i ka pae mua, 1.5-2.5 mm ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka larva, akā hānai nui ia i ke koko o ka mea hoʻokipa a hoʻonui i nā manawa he nui i kahi manawa pōkole;
- i ka mahele ʻelua o kona ulu ʻana, ʻo ka larva ulu a ikaika hoʻi e pili kokoke ana i ka ʻili o ka ʻili a hoʻokuʻu i nā mea ʻelua e loaʻa ka oxygen. Hana ʻia nā fistula nunui ma ke kino o nā holoholona i kēia manawa;
- hoʻomaka kahi capsule pale o nā mea hoʻopili i ka fistula, ma aneʻi e ulu ai ka larva i ka pae pupal a laila puka i waho;
- ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻololi i kahi pupa i loko o kahi imago mai 20 a 40 mau lā.
Nui a hewahewa nā ala i komo ai kēia mau parasite i ke kino māmala. ʻO ke kaʻina hana maoli o ka puka ʻana o nā mākua mai nā pupae he mau kekona wale nō, a aneane hiki koke i ka lele i hānau ʻia i ka honua ke lele a hui.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā gadflies
Kiʻi: lele lele
Heʻuʻuku nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe i nā gadflies no ke kumu e ola liʻiliʻi ai kahi makua a makemake e hūnā i nā wahi mehameha a me nā wahi pouli. Inā lele nā wahine, a laila ʻaʻole kū aʻe nā kāne mai ka maka o ka mauʻu i kekahi manawa. ʻO ke kumu, ʻo nā manu wale nō ke ʻimi i nā gadflies, ʻoiai ʻo nā mākua a me kā lākou larvae, i kekahi manawa ladybugs a me nā mantises pule e hui pū me lākou. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia mau mea kolo me he mea kaua kūlohelohe i nā gadflies.
Ma muli o ka hōʻino nui a kēia mau mea kolo i hana ai i nā holoholona, e hakakā mau ʻia ana i nā gadflies. Hoʻohana ʻia nā haku mele ʻokoʻa no ka pīpī ʻana i ko lākou wahi noho, no nā kumu pale, mālama ʻia ka ʻili o nā holoholona - me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka manawa, hiki ke pale ʻia nā holoholona mai ke komo ʻana o nā larva i loko o ke kino. Ua ʻike ʻia i ka wā o ke kau wela o kēia mau lele parasite, hoʻemi ke kaumaha o nā holoholona i ka hapakolu, a me ka waiū e 15 pākēneka.
Mea hoihoi: Makemake nā Gadflies e noho i waena o nā lau nahelehele, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke peʻe, no laila i kekahi manawa ua lawa ia e hemo i nā kumu lāʻau a ʻoki i ka mauʻu a nalowale lākou mai kekahi wahi o ka ʻāina.
ʻAʻole hiki i ka gadfly kanaka weliweli ke ola i ko mākou kūlana aniani, akā i nā kūlana o ʻAmelika Waena a me ʻAmelika Hema ke ʻoluʻolu loa ia.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka gadfly?
ʻO ka momona kupaianaha, ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā gadflies a me kahi ʻenemi liʻiliʻi o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe e ʻae iā lākou e hoʻonui i nā helu he nui, a laila lilo i nā pohō nui i nā mahi holoholona. ʻOiai nā hana i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā kānaka e kūʻē i ka hana hou ʻana o nā gadflies, ke hoʻi wikiwiki nei ko lākou heluna kanaka i kahi manawa pōkole. Kūleʻa ke kūlana o nā laha a ʻaʻole pili maoli ʻia e nā loli i ke kūlana kaiaola i kona wahi noho.
ʻAʻole inu nā gadflies makua i ke koko, akā i kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonāukiuki i nā manawa he nui aku ma mua o nā birdflies maʻamau a hana i nā pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi, a me ka make. No kēia kumu, pono pū ka poʻe e pale iā lākou iho mai kā lākou hōʻeha ke hele lākou i waho me ke kōkua o nā repellents, e nānā i nā lula palekana.
Mea hoihoi: Inā loaʻa nā larvae gadfly i loko o ke kanaka i ka manawa, a laila lawe wale ʻia lākou e ke ʻoki a me ka likelike o ka maʻi o ke kino e kāpae ʻia ai. Inā lohi a loaʻa ka larva, a laila me kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā likelike likelika ʻaʻole e hōʻalo ʻia - ulu nā sepsis. ʻO kekahi komplication o ka hana o nā larvae i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka hiki ke lilo i hopena hopena o ke kino: mai ka urticaria maʻamau i ka weliweli anaphylactic weliweli.
ʻO Gadfly ʻaʻole ia he lele lele nui huhū wale hiki iā ʻoe ke hui ma kahi huakaʻi lawaiʻa, i kahi pāka a i ʻole dacha - he pepeke parasite weliweli loa ia, hiki i nā keiki ke hōʻeha nui i nā holoholona a me nā kānaka, akā naʻe, he ʻano ʻē ka gadfly. he mea hoihoi e hoʻopaʻa naʻau.
Lā paʻi: 07/31/2019
Lā hou: 07/31/2019 ma 21:06
