Lūkini desman (desman, khokhulya, lat. Desmana moschata) He mammal hoihoi loa ia e noho nui nei ma ka ʻaoʻao waena o Lūkia, a ʻo ia hoʻi ma Ukraine, Lituania, Kazakhstan a me Belarus. He holoholona hopena kēia (ʻo ia nā endemics), i loaʻa ma mua ma waena o ʻEulopa, i kēia manawa wale nō i ka waha o ka Dnieper, Don, Ural a me Volga. I nā makahiki he 50 i hala iho nei, ua emi ka helu o kēia mau holoholona nani mai 70,000 a i 35,000 mau kānaka. No laila, lilo lākou i poʻe kaulana a puni ka honua, i ke komo ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao o ka Red Book, ma ke ʻano he ʻano laha e aneane pau wale i ka ʻaneʻane.
Wehewehe
ʻO Desman, a i ʻole hokhulya - (Latin Desmana moschata) no ka ʻohana mole, mai ke kauoha a nā insectivores. He holoholona amphibious ia e noho ana ma ka ʻāina, akā nānā i ka mea pio ma lalo o ka wai.
ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka piko ma luna o 18-22 knm, kaupaona ma kahi o 500 gram, aia kahi pūniki hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia me ka ihu e like me ke kumu Pili nā maka liʻiliʻi, pepeiao a me nā puka ihu ma lalo o ka wai. He pōkole nā lālā Lūkini, ʻelima mau manamana wāwae me ka septa membrane. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wāwae hope ma mua o nā mua. Lōʻihi, kuʻi a hāwili ʻia nā kui.
Kūleʻa ka hulu o ka holoholona. Mānoanoa loa ia, palupalu, kūpaʻa a uhi ʻia me ka wai aila e hoʻonui i ka glide. He mea kupaianaha ke ʻano o ka paila - lahilahi i ke aʻa a hoʻonui i ka hopena. Hinahina ʻeleʻele ke kua, māmā ka ʻōpū a hina hina hina.
Hoihoi ka huelo o ka desman - aia a 20 cm ka lōʻihi; he sila peʻa kona e like me ke kumu, kahi e loaʻa ai nā ʻōpala i kahi ʻala kikoʻī. Ukali ʻia e kekahi ʻano apo, a pālahalaha ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka huelo, uhi ʻia me nā unahi, a ma ka waena pū kekahi me nā olonā paʻa.
He makapō kūpono nā holoholona, no laila ke hoʻonohonoho nei i ka lewa ma muli o ke ʻano o ka pilau a me ka hoʻopā. Ulu nā lauoho wīwī ma ke kino, a ulu nā vibrissae lōʻihi i ka ihu. He 44 niho o ka Lūkini desman.
Noho a me ka nohona
Noho ka Lūkini desman ma ke kapakai o nā loko wai maʻemaʻe, nā loko wai a me nā kahawai. He holoholona nocturnal. ʻEli lākou i kā lākou mau lua i ka ʻāina. Ma ke ʻano he rula, hoʻokahi wale nō puka a alakaʻi i ka waihona wai. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ana i ʻekolu mau mika. I ke kauwela noho lākou i kahi kaʻawale, i ka hoʻoilo ka nui o nā holoholona i hoʻokahi mink hiki i 10-15 mau kānaka o ka moekolohe a me ka makahiki like ʻole.
ʻAiʻai Pono
ʻO Hohuli he mau mea ʻai hānai e hānai i nā mea noho ma lalo. Ke neʻe nei me ke kōkua o ko lākou mau wāwae hope, hoʻohana nā holoholona i kā lākou muzzles hoʻoneʻe lōʻihi e "ʻimi" a "honi" i nā mollusks liʻiliʻi, nā lehele, nā larvae, nā ʻelala, crustacean a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai a kanu i nā meaʻai.
ʻOiai ko lākou liʻiliʻi, ʻai nui ʻo desman. Hiki iā lākou ke omo a hiki i ka 500 gram i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi huina i like me kona kaupaona ponoʻī.
ʻAi ʻo Rūkana desman i kahi ilo
Hoʻopiʻi hou
Hoʻomaka ka wā kope i desman ma hope o ka wā ʻōpio i ka makahiki he ʻumi mau makahiki. ʻO nā pāʻani moena, ma ke ʻano he rula, hele pū me nā hakakā o nā kāne a me nā leo akahai o nā wahine i mākaukau e hoa.
ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina, a ma hope o ka hānau ʻia ʻana o nā ʻōhule ʻōhule, he 2-3 g. ʻO ka maʻamau, hānau nā wahine i hoʻokahi a ʻelima mau keiki. I loko o hoʻokahi mahina ua hoʻomaka lākou e ʻai i ka meaʻai a nā mākua, a ma hope o kekahi mau mea hou aʻe ua kūʻokoʻa loa lākou.
ʻO kahi hanana maʻamau no nā wahine he 2 mau keiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO nā piko momona ma ka hopena o ka puna, ke kauwela mua, a me ka hopena o ke kau, ka hoʻoilo mua.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola ma ka nahelehele he 4 mau makahiki. I ka noho pio ʻana, ola nā holoholona a 5 mau makahiki.
Heluna a me ka palekana
Hōʻoiaʻiʻo nā paleontologists ua mālama ka Lūkini desman i kāna ʻano loli ʻole no 30-40 miliona mau makahiki. a noho i ka mokuna holoʻokoʻa o ʻEulopa. I kēia lā, ua emi nui ka helu a me nā wahi noho o kona lāhui. Ua emi a emi mai nā kino wai maʻemaʻe, e hoʻohaumia ʻia ke kūlohelohe, keʻoki ʻia nei nā ululāʻau.
No ka palekana, Desmana moschata i loko o ka Red Book of Russia ma ke ʻano he helikena e emi pinepine ana. Hoʻohui ʻia, hana ʻia kekahi mau mālama a me nā mālama no ke aʻo ʻana a me ka pale ʻana o khokhul.
