Ua hoʻomohala ka tundra i nā kūlana aniau paʻakikī, akā ua ʻoi aku ka māmā o lākou ma mua o ka moku ʻo Art Arctic. Ma ʻaneʻi e kahe ana nā kahawai, aia nā loko a me nā kai e ʻike ʻia nā iʻa a me nā holoholona wai. Lele nā manu ma luna o ka expanses, pūnana ma ʻō a ma ʻō. Maanei lākou e noho wale ai i ke kau mahana, a i ke anuanu ke anuanu, lele lākou i nā wahi mehana.
Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa kekahi o nā ʻano holoholona i nā hau hau haʻahaʻa, nā hau a me ke aniau ʻino e noho ana ma aneʻi. I kēia wahi kūlohelohe, ʻike nui ʻia ka hoʻokūkū a me ka hakakā no ke ola. No ke ola, ua hoʻomohala nā holoholona i kēia mau hiki:
- hoʻomanawanui;
- ka hōʻiliʻili o ka momona subcutaneous;
- nā lauoho lōʻihi a me nā plumage;
- hoʻohana pono i ka ikehu;
- kahi koho o nā kahua hānau;
- ke hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi papaʻai kūikawā.
Nā manu Tundra
Hoʻoho nā manu o nā manu i ka leo ma luna o ka wahi. I ka tundra, aia nā pollo plovers a me nā pueo, nā gull a me nā tern, nā guillemots a me nā hiʻi hau, nā eider comb a me ptarmigan, nā mea kanu ʻo Lapland a me nā pipits ʻulaʻula. I ka wā o ke kauwela-kauwela, lele nā manu ma aneʻi mai nā ʻāina mehana, hoʻonohonoho i nā kolone manu nui, kūkulu i nā pūnana, hoʻoulu i nā hua manu a hānai i kā lākou mau pua. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, pono lākou e aʻo i nā ʻōpio e lele, a ma hope lele lākou āpau i ka hema. Noho kekahi mau pueo (pueo a me nā ʻāpana) i ka tundra i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, no ka mea ua maʻa lākou i ka noho ʻana i waena o ka hau.
Plover liʻiliʻi
Tern
ʻO Guillemots
Pākuʻi ʻo Eider
Plantain Lapland
Skates ʻulaʻula
Nā kamaʻāina kai kai a me nā kahawai
ʻO ka poʻe nui o nā waihona wai he iʻa. Loaʻa nā ʻano aʻe i nā muliwai, nā loko, nā kai a me nā kai o ka tundra Lūkia.
Omul
ʻO Whitefish
Salemona
Vendace
ʻO Dallia
Nui nā waihona i nā plankton, ola nā mollusks. ʻO kekahi manawa walrus a me nā sila mai nā wahi noho kokoke e auwana i loko o ka wai o ka tundra.
Nā makuahine
ʻO nā alopeke Arctic, reindeer, lemmings, a me nā ʻīlio polar nā kamaʻāina maʻamau o ka tundra. Hoʻomaʻa kēia mau holoholona i ke ola i nā anuanu anuanu. I mea e ola ai, pono mau lākou i ka neʻe a nānā i nā meaʻai na lākou. Eia kekahi maanei hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kekahi manawa i nā bea polar, nā ʻalopeke, nā hipa bighorn a me nā hare, nā wea, nā ermine a me nā mink.
Palemona
Weasel
No laila, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi honua holoholona kupaianaha i ka tundra. Aia ke ola o nā lunamakaʻāinana āpau o ka holoholona ma ke aniau a me ko lākou hiki ke ola, no laila ua ʻākoakoa nā ʻano kū hoʻokahi a hoihoi i kēia wahi kūlohelohe. Noho kekahi o lākou ʻaʻole wale i ka tundra, akā i nā wahi kūlohelohe e pili ana.
