ʻO nā Diatoms kahi mea nui i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana wai, kahi e hoʻohui like i nā waiwai o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu. ʻO ka ʻāpana constituent ʻo diatom, kahi hunaola i uhi ʻia me ka ʻāpana silikone. Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, makemake kēia ʻano limu i ke ʻano kolone o ke ola.
I loko o ka aquarium, ʻike ʻia kā lākou hana nui i ke ʻano o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻeleʻele, i kekahi manawa hina a i ʻole pua pua. He mea nui ka Diatoms i ka aquarium i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ke kaiaolaola honua. Hana ka limu i kahi nui o nā meaola, i hana i nā meaola biomaterial a me nā mea mālama e nānā iā lākou. ʻO nā limu Diatom i loko o kahi aquarium kahi hanana maikaʻi ʻole e pono ke hoʻolilo ʻia i ka hōʻailona mua o ka hanana. Akā no kēia mea pono e "kamaʻāina" me kēia ʻano limu i mea e maopopo ai i ko lākou ʻano, nā loina a me nā kumu.
Hoʻopau paʻa ʻo Diatoms
ʻO nā microscope uila uila ikaika, hiki ke hoʻonui i kahi mea i mau manawa he mau kaukani, i hiki ai ke hoʻopaʻa i ke ʻano o ka pūpū o kahi huna diatom. ʻO ka mea nui o ka pūpū ka silikone dioxide me nā admixtures like ʻole o ka aluminika, hao, magnesium, nā mea ʻokanika. He pūpū ia i waho, nona nā ʻāpana ʻelua - nā kiwikā, pinepine lākou e pahu ʻia ai kekahi i kekahi. Kaukaʻi ʻia i nā laha, pili pololei nā valves a i loaʻa i kahi mea hoʻokaʻawale i ke ʻano o nā siliceous rims e ʻae ai i nā valves e neʻe kaʻawale e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka cell.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi papa lahilahi o nā meaola i waho o ka pūpū. He helehelena kūlike ʻole ka pale. Ma aneʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kaumaha, nā kihi, nā hahau, a me nā pūnaewele like ʻole. ʻO kēia mau pores a keena paha. Aneane uhi ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa o ka pūpū (75%) i nā lua. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ulu like ʻole, ʻaʻole maopopo ka kumu o kā lākou kumu, akā ua hoʻoholo ka ʻepekema ua manaʻo lākou e hui pū i nā kolone.
Ma lalo o kahi microscope, ua hiki ke ʻike i nā ʻano pūpū like ʻole:
- pā hōkū;
- paipu;
- nā paukūʻolokaʻa;
- pahu;
- pahu;
- kālī;
- kinipōpō;
- na newa.
Hōʻike ʻia nā Sashes i nā ʻano like ʻole. Hana nā mea kūkulu i nā hui paʻakikī, a ʻo kēia wale nō kahi pūnaewele!
ʻAno Diatom
Hana ka cytoplasm i kahi hana pale a hana i kahi papa lahilahi ma ka palena o nā paia. Aia kekahi alahaka kikoʻī, loaʻa iā ia ka nucleus diploid a me nā nucleoli. Hoʻopau piha ʻia ka hakahaka intracellular e ka holo. Aia nā Chromatophores ma ka lōʻihi o ka paia. ʻO lākou nā pākuʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā pā. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou nui, ʻo ka nui o ka helu. ʻAʻohe pigment o ka limu Heterotrophic. Mālama ʻo Autotrophic diatoms i nā plastids o nā kala like ʻole i kā lākou chromatophores.
Mahalo i ka photosynthesis, ʻaʻole ʻo ka carbohydrates maʻamau i hoʻokumu ʻia i loko o ke keʻena, e like me nā mea kanu ʻāina āpau, akā nā lipids. Ma waho o nā momona, i koi ʻia no ka hana kūpono, loaʻa i ke kino nā mea hou a me nā mea mālama, no ka laʻana, chrysolaminarin.
Hoʻopiʻi hou
Hana kope kēia mau limu i nā ʻano ʻelua:
- mea kanu;
- moekolohe
ʻOi ka wikiwiki o ka helu kope, hapalua. Pili pono ka wikiwiki i nā kūlana o ka nohona. Hiki i kahi pūnaewele ke hana ma kahi o 35 biliona mau meaola hou i kēlā me kēia lā. Noho kēia ʻano limu ma aneane o kēlā me kēia kino o ka wai i ka honua, manaʻo nui lākou i nā loko, nā kahawai, nā kai me ka mahana o ka wai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole makaʻu lākou i nā punawai wela a me ka wai hau. Hoʻokumu ke Diatoms i ke kumu o ka phytoplankton o ka Moana Honua holoʻokoʻa me nā mea kanu like ʻole like microscopic.
Loaʻa iā lākou nā huaora, nā momona a me ka lehu. No laila, lawelawe lākou ma ke ʻano he mea ʻai maikaʻi loa no ke ola kai liʻiliʻi e ʻai ʻia e ka iʻa.
ʻO kekahi o nā waiwai nui o ka diatoms ka hana oxygen.
Nā ʻano
Noho kekahi ʻano ma lalo, a paʻa nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka substrate, no ka laʻana, i ka lalo o nā moku kai. Hoʻohui pinepine lākou i nā kolone he nui, hoʻohana ʻia nā ulu kūikawā a i ʻole nā mucus e hoʻopaʻa iā lākou. ʻAʻole kuhihewa ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kolone, no laila e hoʻāʻo nā microorganism e pale aku i nā hōʻike maikaʻi ʻole o ke kaiapuni. Aia kekahi mau ʻano diatom e noho wale ana ma hoʻokahi ʻano substrate, ʻo kahi laʻana, aia wale nō ma ka ʻōpū o kahi kohola a i ʻole ma kahi mea kanu kikoʻī wale nō.
Aia kekahi mau ʻano diatoms e neʻe manuahi (lele) i ka wai ma muli o ko lākou haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, pūpū porous, a me nā aila i hoʻopili ʻia. No ka hopena ʻoi aku, he lōʻihi ko lākou mau hulu i ko lākou mau kino e ʻae iā lākou e hui pū i nā koloka lana nui. I kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻia ka mucus e hoʻopaʻa pū, ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ka wai.
Nā pūʻulu ʻōnaehana nui
Aia ma mua o 10,000 mau ʻano i ka mahele ʻo Bacillariophyta. Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa nā mea kālaimeaola o ka honua i kēia manawa he mau manawa ke kiʻekiʻe. I loko o ke kenekulia i hala, ua hoʻololi nā ʻauhau ʻauhau o diatoms i nā loli he nui. Eia kekahi, ke hoʻomau nei nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa a me nā kūkākūkā lehulehu i kēia manawa, ʻo ke kumuhana nui ka helu o nā papa.
Nā diatoms centric
ʻO nā limu o kēia papa he unicellular a me nā ʻano kolone. Poepoe ka pūpū, loaʻa kona ʻōnaehana radial. Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Chromatophores ma ke ʻano he mau papa liʻiliʻi. Alakaʻi nā diatoms o ka papa centric i kahi nohona neʻe ʻole. Hana hou i ka moekolohe i kahi ʻano monogamous. Ua loaʻa nā lunamaka'āinana o nā diatoms centric i nā koena kahiko a puni ka honua.
Kauoha Coscinodiscales. I kekahi manawa noho wale lākou, akā ʻo ka hapanui ma ke ʻano o nā kolone like me ka pae. ʻAʻohe o nā kihi o ka leho, no laila ka inoa:
- paukūʻolokaʻa;
- poepoe;
- lenticular;
- ellipsoidal.
Hoʻopuni ʻia nā kiwikā: loaʻa nā ʻano o nā ulu, nā iwi ʻaoʻao, a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe.
Kahi genus o melosir. Noho lākou i nā kolone filamentous, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he mau paukū paukū. Hoʻopili ʻia lākou e nā spines ma luna o ka pūpū. Loaʻa i nā valves i nā kinona, aia nā pores ma luna o lākou. Aia nā Chromatophores i nā helu he nui a loaʻa ke ʻano o nā disk.- ʻO ka genus o cyclotella. Hōʻike ʻia nā limu ma ke ʻano o kahi pahu liʻiliʻi. Aia nā kaha radial ma ka lihi o ke kāʻei. Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Chromatophores i ke ʻano o nā pā liʻiliʻi, aia lākou i ka cytoplasm. Pili ʻia nā diatoms o ka genus cyclotella e ka mucus i hana ʻia a i ʻole nā bristles, ʻoiai nā koloni e like me nā pae. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau limu i nā kino wai kū ʻole.
Kahi genus o melosir. Noho lākou i nā kolone filamentous, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he mau paukū paukū. Hoʻopili ʻia lākou e nā spines ma luna o ka pūpū. Loaʻa i nā valves i nā kinona, aia nā pores ma luna o lākou. Aia nā Chromatophores i nā helu he nui a loaʻa ke ʻano o nā disk.Kauoha a Biddulphiales. Hoʻokahi nā pūnaewele, akā hoʻohui lākou i kekahi manawa i nā kolone he nui, no ka mea, hoʻohana ʻia kēia ulu hou ʻana ma ka pūpū. Ma ke ala, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka pūpū me kahi paukū a i ʻole prism. Poepoe nā lau, ma ke ʻano he elliptical, i kekahi mau ʻano polygonal. ʻO nā valves o kahi ʻano heterogeneous, ma muli o ke kū ʻana o nā mea liʻiliʻi a me nā lua.
ʻO ka genus Hetoceros. Nā pūnaewele cylindrical, me nā setae nui e waiho ana ma nā kiwikā. ʻAe nā bristles iā lākou e hui pū ʻia me nā kaulahao like me ka pae. ʻO nā Chromatophores e like me nā pā nui.
Diatoms ʻo Cirrus
ʻO nā limu unicellular, ka mea e hana pinepine i nā kolone, he mau ʻano like ʻole. Aia i ka carapace ʻelua mau ʻāpana like (valves), ʻoiai aia kekahi mau ʻano kahi e loaʻa ai kahi asymmetry maopopo. Ma ke ʻano he kūlana hulu ka ka paepae. ʻO Chromatophores e like me nā pā nui. Ke hana nei kēia palapala, loaʻa i nā ʻano slit-like a me nā ʻano canal-type. Hana ʻia ka hana hou i ke ʻano moekolohe maʻamau, akā i ke ʻano kikoʻī e like me ka hoʻopili ʻana.
Kinohi
ʻOkoʻa ka nui o nā Diatoms mai nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o nā mea kanu wai. Ma hope o ka noʻonoʻo pono ʻana i nā pā pigment a me ke kaʻina o ka photosynthesis i loko o nā keena, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kumu o kēia mau mea mai nā ʻelele o nā flagellates. Ua loaʻa kēia kuhiakau i ka hōʻike maopopo i ka hiki o ka diatoms e hana a hana i nā meaola me kā lākou mau kala kala.
Ke kuleana o diatoms i ka aquarium
I nā kaiaolaola kūlohelohe, he kuleana nui lākou, ʻoiai lākou ka ʻāpana nui o ka plankton a komo i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā meaola ma ka honua, a ma hope o ka make ʻana o kā lākou pūpū, komo lākou i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā pōhaku. ʻOiai ke koʻikoʻi nui i ke kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole pono nā diatoms i kahi aquarium. ʻO nā limu ʻeleʻele e kūkulu i ka pā ma luna o nā paia, keu hoʻi kahi e komo ai ka kukui liʻiliʻi, he diatoms.
E "noho" ʻo Diatoms i loko o kahi aquarium hou ma hope o kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka piha ʻana i ka wai. I nā aquarium kahiko, ʻike ʻia nā limu ma lalo o nā kukui kūpono ʻole, lawa ʻole a haʻahaʻa paha.
No ka hana kope ʻana i nā diatoms e hāʻawi i:
- ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pH ma mua o 7.5;
- kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakikī o ka wai;
- ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o nā nitrogen compound.
Hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia kahi ulu ʻana o ka limu e kahi nui o nā paʻakai sodium i loko o ka wai, ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka iʻa me ka paʻakai paʻakai. Pono e hoʻoponopono ʻōnaehana ʻia nā Diatoms, inā ʻaʻole e uhi lākou i nā paia āpau o kahi waihona i hana ʻia. Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻiliʻili a me nā hāmeʻa mai nā mucus a me nā puʻupuʻu ʻeleʻele, ma hope koke o ka puka ʻana. I mea e pale ai i ka hoʻomohala, pono pono e kaohi i ka pae o nā kukui, a nānā i ka ʻano o ka wai. E hoʻomōhala mālie ʻo Diatoms inā hoʻomaʻa ke kukui a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka pahu i kēlā me kēia manawa.
