Ua hāʻawi lōʻihi ke kanaka i nā mea kolo me nā waiwai mystical. Mawaena o na mea he nui arthropods ma ka Honua punawelewele karakurt kaulana loa. ʻO ka mana o ka lāʻau make o nā holoholona ʻano ʻē ma mua o nā toxins o nā nahesa weliweli loa.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka punawelewele, mahalo i nā meheu i ka amber paʻahau, hoʻi ma kahi o 300 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ka manaʻo maoli o ka inoa "ʻeleʻele", i wehewehe ʻia e ke kala kumu kumu o ke kino, ka hiki ke neʻe wikiwiki.
He poepoe ke kino o nā nananawewe ʻino. Kuhi ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka karakurt wahine ma mua o ke kāne, ʻo kona kino me ka lōʻihi o ka wāwae ma kahi o 2.5 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne - 6-7 mm wale nō. Aia nā mau lālā ʻehā o nā lālā ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino. ʻElua mau paʻa o ka tarsus medium i uhi ʻia me nā lauoho. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hui mua a hope hoʻi e ka lōʻihi lōʻihi.
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka karakurt kāne ma mua o ka wahine, a ʻaʻole weliweli loa kāna nahu no nā kānaka.
Hoʻohanohano ʻia ke kala o nā nananana e ke kū ʻana o nā ʻulaʻula a ʻalani paha o nā ʻano like ʻole. I kekahi manawa, i ke kaha kiʻi ʻana ma ke kino, hoʻohui ʻia ka palena keʻokeʻo i kēlā me kēia kiko. Karakurt i loko o ke kiʻi nani ke nānā aku, me ia mau hōʻailona maʻalahi e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai nā arthropods e pili ana. Ke hiki i nā kolo i ka wā ʻōpio, nalowale paha nā kaha ʻōniʻoniʻo ma ke kino, e waiho ana i ke kala ʻeleʻele momona me kahi ʻano lilelile.
Loaʻa i nā punawelewele i ke kala ʻōlinolino i ke kaʻina o ka ulu ʻana. ʻAno aniani moakaka nā keiki hānau hou. Me kēlā me kēia molt, lilo ka pouli i ke kino, a hoʻopiha ʻia nā pōʻai keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻōpū me ka ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka pinepine ʻana o ka molt, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka nananana. Hoʻohuli ʻia ka helu o ka hoʻomohala e ka lako o nā meaʻai i nā arthropods.
ʻO ka ulu wikiwiki e alakaʻi i 6 a i ʻole 7 mau molts, a ma hope e hoʻoulu ʻia nā kāne i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai ʻole, akā ʻo nā wahine no ka hānau ʻana. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka karakurt ke koko polū. ʻAʻole hoʻoholo ʻia ke kala e hemoglobin, e like me ka hapanui o nā holoholona, akā na hemocyanin, kahi e hāʻawi ai i kahi aka laha ʻole. ʻIke maikaʻi nā maka punawelewele i ke ao a me ka pō.
ʻO Karakurt ʻike ʻia no ka lāʻau make ikaika loa, i hana ʻia e nā gland kūikawā. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka mea kaua ke paralyze insect a me nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano he pio. Noho ma hope nā punawelewele i nā lua i hoʻokuʻu ʻia o nā holoholona.
Hiki i ka ona o ka punawelewele wahine ke alakaʻi i kahi kanaka i ka make ke hāʻawi ʻole ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka mea mua, hiki i ka poʻe me nā hopena maʻi kūpilikiʻi ke makaʻu i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole. ʻAʻole hiki i nā kāne ke nahu ma waena o ka ʻili kanaka.
ʻAʻole hōʻike ka punawelewele i ka huhū inā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā hana kuʻina. ʻO ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi mākaʻikaʻi, ma mua o ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ka pō, hoʻouka i kahi pale kūikawā, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma lalo o kahi moe, i pale ai i ke komo ʻana o nā nananana. No laila, ʻO Crimean karakurt he mea maʻa mau ia ma ka peninsula, kahi e makaʻu ai ka poʻe huakaʻi helewaho i ka hui ʻana me kahi kamaʻāina.
ʻAʻole ʻike koke ʻia ka nahu, ʻike ʻia ka hopena o nā toxins ma waena o 10-15 mau minuke. ʻO nā ʻōuli nui kahi ʻeha e ʻā ana i ka umauma, lalo i lalo, ʻōpū. ʻO ka ʻona ʻana o ke kino ke kumu o ka spasms i ka bronchi, ka luaʻi, ka hanu ʻole. Loaʻa ka manaʻo nui o ka lāʻau make i ke kau moʻo o nā spider. I nā manawa ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole emi ka weliweli.
Hoʻohana ʻia kahi serum kūikawā e pale aku ai i nā nahu, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke kōkua olakino pōpilikia i nā manawa āpau. Hoʻopili koke nā loea i ka nahu me kahi pāʻani e luku ai i ka lāʻau make i loaʻa ʻole ka manawa e komo ai i loko o ke koko. ʻO ka hohonu o ka nahu, a i 0,5 mm, hiki ke hoʻopau koke i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā toxins.
ʻO nā holoholona, nā bipi, nā koʻokoʻo, nā lio, a me nā kāmelo ka mea maʻalahi loa i ka mea hana o ka lāʻau make. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā kolo, nā ʻīlio, nā hedgehogs. ʻO nā makahiki o ka hana hou ʻana o ka karakurt alakaʻi i ka make ʻana o nā holoholona, nā lilo o ka mālama holoholona.
Uhi nā wahi nui o ka punawelewele i nā wahi wao nahele o Kazakhstan, ka steppes Kalmyk, a me nā wahi hema o Lūkia. Pehea ke ʻano o ke karakurt? Kaulana ʻia ma Altai, ʻAkia Waena, Afghanistan, ʻApelika ʻĀkau.
Hiki ke loaʻa ʻo Karakurt i nā wahi he nui ma Lūkia
Nā ʻano
Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā punawelewele i nā kekelē ʻokoʻa o ka pīhoihoi, ka nohona, a me nā helehelena. Ma waena o nā mea kolo kolohe loa i ʻike ʻia, a i ʻole he ʻumikūmākolu mau kolo kolo, aia he ʻano ʻAsia a me ʻEulopa. ʻIke ʻia ka hope ma ko lākou inoa ʻelua - wahine kāne make a ʻEulopa.
ʻO Karakurt kahi wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka pili ʻana o nā arthropods i ka genus o nā wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele e hōʻike i ka ʻano pilikino o nā wahine e ʻai koke i nā kāne ma hope o ka male ʻana. I kēia ala, hoʻoikaika ka spider e hana a pale i ka paʻa o nā hua. Uhi ʻia ke kino ʻeleʻele spherical me nā ʻulaʻula, nona nā 13. I ka mea a lākou e ʻike ai i kahi hōʻailona mystical.
Hoʻomaopopo loa ʻia kēia laha no kona onaona, ka mahele ʻana i nā ʻāpana steppe o nā wahi mehana. ʻO ka punawelewele he 15-20 mau manawa iʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka cobra ʻeleʻele. No ka hakakā ʻana i nā arthropods weliweli, lawe ʻia ka lāʻau kemika o nā wahi hānai. ʻO Karakurt Dalya kahi punawelewele ʻeleʻele monopona. Hiki ke launa me kahi ʻano he ʻumikūmākolu, a i kekahi manawa paʻakikī i ka ʻike ʻana i nā keiki.
Wahine kāne make ʻulaʻula. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kala e kahi kala ʻulaʻula-alani o luna, ʻeleʻele o lalo o ka ʻōpū. Aia ka nohona ma USA, Peninsula o Florida. ʻO ka palena o ka mahele no ke kumu no ka lawa ʻole o ka ʻike e pili ana i ka pae o ka hoʻowahāwahā o nā laha.
Kāhaka keʻokeʻo. Hōʻike ka inoa i ka kikoʻī o ke kala melemele māmā. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻohana, ʻaʻohe kiko, kiko, lauana. I kahi punawelewele monochromatic, hoʻololi wale nā aka o ke kala. ʻOi aku ka pouli o nā cephalothorax ma mua o ke kino.
Ma ke kua he ʻehā mau kiko ʻeleʻele, nā kaumaha e hana ana i kahi huinahā. ʻOi ka haʻahaʻa o ka karakurt keʻokeʻo ma mua o ka nananana ʻeleʻele i ka paʻa o nā toxins. Noho nā ʻanekume keʻokeʻo ma ʻAsia Waena, ma ka hema o Lūkia. ʻO nā wahine o kēia laha ka mea nui ma waena o ka karakurt, aia kekahi kanaka a 10 cm i ka lōʻihi o nā lālā.
No ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana me ke ʻano o ka paʻi ʻana o nā wāwae o ke karakurt keʻokeʻo, kāhea lākou ia he nūpepa hulahula. ʻO nā mea e hoʻolohe pono ana i kēia ala e lawe i ka ʻike i kekahi i kekahi. Makemake nā punawelewele e noho i nā wao nahele, no laila, i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe loa nā hālāwai me nā kānaka.
Hoʻololi nui ʻia nā spider keʻokeʻo i ke anuanu, no laila ʻike ʻia lākou i nā wahi kahi paʻakikī no nā kaikuaʻana ʻeleʻele e ola, no ka laʻana, ma ke komohana o Kazakhstan.
ʻO ka karakurt keʻokeʻo he mea kolo kolohe loa
Ma ka panalāʻau o Eurasia, aia kekahi mau punawelewele i ʻano like me ka helehelena a me ke ʻano o ka karakurt ʻona - nā poʻo nahesa o ka genus steatod, a me nā wahine kāne make ʻole.
ʻO kaʻokoʻa o ke kala keʻokeʻo, beige, ʻulaʻula, kahi laina melemele lahilahi ma ke kua, kahi laina ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻōpū. Nā māka ʻulaʻula nā nui o ke karakurt he wahaheʻe ke kumu o ka huikau.
Akā ʻaʻohe mea ʻawahia nā steatodes, ʻoiai ma ke ʻano o nā ʻōuli, pili like nā hana a ka mea make me nā lunamakaʻaka maoli. Ma hope o ka nahu ʻana o kahi wahine make wahine hoʻopunipuni, ola ke kino iā ia iho ma hope o kekahi mau lā.
ʻAno like nā peʻa Steatode i nā helehelena i ke karakurt
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻO ka punawelewele, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau ma nā pali i hoʻomehana ʻia e ka lā, nā ʻauwai, ma nā kapa o nā ʻauwai. Makemake i nā wao akua, nā ʻāina puʻupaʻa, nā ʻāina mahi, nā steppe maloʻo, nā wao akua. Ma nā kapakai ulu nui o nā loko paʻakai a me nā kahawai, hiki i ka nui o nā nananana kolohe.
No ke ola holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa, pono ke karakurt i kahi kauwela lōʻihi, ke kauwela mahana, ka hoʻoilo mālie. Hōʻalo nā Arthropods i nā ʻāina pālahalaha, e koho i nā kōkua pōhaku, me nā kaumaha ma ka lepo no kahi hoʻonohonoho kūleʻa.
Huki ʻia nā punawelewele e nā lua i haʻalele ʻia, nā ʻāpana lepo, a me nā kaumaha ma ka lepo. Kākoʻele ʻeleʻele hiki ke hoʻonā i kahi lumi pono, piʻi i kahi ʻano mehameha, komo i kahi hale. ʻO nā kūlana anilā o nā wahi hema o Rūsia nā wahi kūpono no nā arthropods.
He kala ʻeleʻele paʻa kā Karakurt Dalya
Nui ʻino nā karakurt ma ka moku Astrakhan, Kalmykia, ma nā moku ʻo Krasnodar a me Stavropol. Inā hoʻolohi ʻia ke kauwela wela, a laila neʻe aku nā nananana i ke kūkulu ʻākau, i nā moku ʻo Voronezh, Tambov. ʻO Karakurt ma ka moku ʻo Moscow - kahi hanana nui loa. Akā hiki. Me ke anuanu mua, e make lākou āpau, a ʻo nā cocoons hema me kā lākou mau keiki e paʻa i ka wā hoʻoilo lōʻihi.
Hoʻoikaika nā spider ʻawahia i ke ao a me ka pō. Ma ka ulana ʻana i nā ʻupena, hoʻonohonoho lākou i nā ʻupena i mea e hopu ai i nā mea pio. Maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka hana o ke karakurt e ka puʻu kolohe o nā pae, ʻokoʻa i nā spider pūnaewele orb-i loaʻa nā lau ulana pololei.
ʻO ka mokulele papamoe o ka pūnaewele kekahi mea e hōʻike i ka karakurt i waho. No laila ke kūleʻa nui nei lākou i ke kiaʻi ʻana i nā mea nui i hōʻeha ʻia mai luna - nā ʻūhini, nā ʻūhini, e neʻe ana ma ka honua. ʻO nā pahele ʻē aʻe he mau pahele kū kiʻekiʻe.
ʻAʻole pono nā mākaʻikaʻi e ʻike i kahi pūnaewele ākea ākea i nā pali pōhaku e kūkulu i hale lole ma kahi kokoke, no ka mea, he nui ka likelika o kahi hālāwai kūhewa me kahi mea ʻānai ʻawaʻawa. ʻAʻole kolo pinepine nā punawelewele i ka hoʻouka kaua. Hiki ke nahu i kahi hanana i ʻike ʻole ke kanaka i ke karakurt, hehi i ka pūnana, a hoʻopā i ka cobweb.
Maʻalahi ke ʻike ʻana i ka lua o kahi karakurt e kahi pūnaewele i ulana ʻia
Pono e ea i nā lewa ma o ka upena a pale ʻia me kahi pāpaho. Wale karakurt kāneakā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hana i nā mea ʻino he nui. Ke holo wāwae, pono e komo i nā kāmaʻa paʻa a me nā lole e pale ai i ke kino mai ka hōʻeha hikiwawe ʻana o nā mea ola.
ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke haʻalele i nā mea, nā kāmaʻa ma waho o ka hale lole i ka pō. Kuhihewa nā punawelewele no ka hūnā ʻana i nā wahi. ʻAʻole hiki ke hiki ke nahu inā aia ka karakurt i loko o ka puki a ka mea mākaʻikaʻi e kau ai i ke kakahiaka me ka hoʻoluliluli ʻole ʻana. Kākurt ʻona momona loa, i kēlā me kēia manawa ke ʻike nei ka heluna kanaka i kahi piko o kahi piʻi nui.
Mai Iune, ua neʻe lākou e ʻimi i kahi e pale ai mai ka wela, nā wahi kūpono no ka male ʻana. I ke kūlohelohe, he ʻenemi nā kolo kipi i hiki ke ʻai i ke karakurt me ka makaʻu ʻole i ka lāʻau make. ʻAʻole makaʻala i nā lāʻau make, puaʻa, hipa, kao e hehi iho i nā hectares āpau o nā steppes me nā pūnana, kahi ola ke karakurt.
Hoʻokuʻu wale nā kahu hipa ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i nā lio a me nā kāmelo maʻalahi i ka pūnawelewele. Luku aku nā nalo pune i nā spider i kā lākou ala ponoʻī, e hoʻokomo ana i kahi mea maʻi lolo. ʻIke nā beetles i nā cocoons karakurt e hoʻomoe i kā lākou larvae i loko o lākou. Pepehi ka hua o nā nalo i nā nymphs spider defenseless. ʻO Karakurt no nā hedgehogs kahi mea ʻono. Pale nā kui kele i ka holoholona mai ka hoʻoweliweli o ka nahu, ʻaʻole hiki i ka punawelewele ke hana ʻino i ka ʻenemi prickly.
Meaʻai kūpono
Hoʻokumu nā pepelu liʻiliʻi i ke kumu o ka papaʻai o nā arthropods. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka pūnaewele no ka hopu ʻana i nā mea make i ka hanohano o ka hoʻokō ʻana, akā ʻo ka viscosity o nā pae ʻaʻole e waiho i kekahi i kahi manawa e puka aku ai. Hoʻolahalaha ʻo Karakurt i nā ʻupena ʻaʻole mamao aku mai ka pūnana a nānā i ka pahele paʻa.
I ke komo ʻana o ka mea pio i loko o ka pūnaewele, e pae ana i ka mauʻu, wikiwiki ka mea kolo e hoʻomoʻa i ka lāʻau make e hōʻino i ka mea kolo, ka hana lohi ʻana o nā aʻa o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia ma lalo o ka mana o nā toxins. ʻOiai ka uhi chitinous paʻakikī ʻaʻole ia he mea keʻakeʻa no ka karakurt e ʻai i ka mea pio.
Ma hope o kekahi manawa, hānai ka punawelewele i ka mea i hoʻomake ʻia, hānai i nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia i wai. ʻO ka pūpū, ma lalo o kahi mea i koe ʻole, ke kau nei i ka pūnaewele no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, nā makika, nā lele, nā ʻīlio lio, nā nalo meli, nā ʻūhini i loko o nā ʻupena hohola. ʻO nā ʻūhini, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻokaʻio, lilo i pio
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Karakurt e ka momona kiʻekiʻe. I hoʻokahi makahiki, hoʻomoe ka wahine ma ka liʻiliʻi he 1000 mau hua. I kēlā me kēia manawa, aia ke kahe o ka momona, ke hoʻonui nā wahine i nā hua i loko o kahi paʻa e aneane hoʻokahi a me ka hapa manawa i ke kau. Kū nā palahalaha Spider i kēlā me kēia ʻumi a ʻumikūmālua a i ʻole iwakāluakūmālima mau makahiki. Ke hoʻonui wikiwiki nei nā heluna lehulehu i kā lākou helu.
Hāʻule ke kau moʻo o nā arthropods i ka waena o ke kauwela, me ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka wela. I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka ka neʻe ʻana o ka karakurt i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā wahi mehameha no ka ulana ʻana i nā ʻupena male. ʻAla nā kāne i ka cobweb me nā pheromones e ʻumeʻume i ka wahine. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wale kēlā ʻano pūnaewele no nā punawelewele, ʻo ka ulana ʻana ma nā kihi i pale ʻia mai ka wela.
ʻO nā wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele, e ukali nei i nā ʻano kūlohelohe, ʻai i nā kāne ma hope o ka male ʻana ʻana, e ʻimi ana i kahi hou e hoʻomoe ai i nā hua. Noho pinepine ka lua i waena o ka lepo kaulike ʻole, i nā ʻano kaumaha like ʻole, nā lua i haʻalele ʻia o ke koʻokoʻo. Ke kolo pū nei nā wahine o karakurt i loko o nā ʻōnaehana ea, mai laila a lākou e komo ai i loko o nā hale o ka poʻe.
Ma ka puka o ka lua i hoʻolako pono ʻia, hohola ka punawelewele i ka ʻupena o nā kaula chaotically intertwined. Ma loko, hana ʻo ia i kahi lālau, kau i nā cocoons 2-4 me nā hua manu mai ka pūnaewele. ʻO kahi kokoke kahi pūnaewele alualu ākea o kahi ʻano asymmetrical. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻimi holoholona Snipe mai nā artropods ʻē aʻe i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā pōʻai concentric.
Hānau wikiwiki nā punawelewele, ma hope o 10-15 mau lā, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ke aniau, akā noho i loko o kahi kōpena mehana, mai haʻalele i ka hale. ʻO kahi cocoon i ulana ʻia e ka wahine e ʻae iā lākou e pakele mai ke anuanu, e ola i nā mahina hoʻoilo. ʻO ka mea mua, hānai nā cubaka karakurt i nā mālama kūlohelohe, i waiho ʻia i loko o ko lākou kino i ka wā hānau, a laila, i mea e paʻa ai a hiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana ka puna, hoʻololi lākou i ka cannibalism.
Ma hope iho, e ke koho kūlohelohe o nā mea ikaika loa, ʻaʻole i koho ʻia nā mea āpau, nā nananana wale nō i pakele i ka hoʻāʻo. I ke kauwela, hemo nā ʻenekini mai ka ʻupena i ka pā ʻana o ka makani, a pālahalaha ma nā ʻāpana, ka wao akua. Hāʻawi ka kūlohelohe i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nohona o nā nananana, e hoʻouna ana iā lākou i kahi huakaʻi.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā wahine āpau ke ola i ka hoʻoilo, make pinepine nā spider, i ola pōkole i nā kāne i ʻai ʻia. ʻO ke ola o ke karakurt, no laila, ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki. Akā i kahi ʻano mahana, hoʻonui ka ola i ka nui. Me ka hoʻoilo holomua, ola nā punawelewele i 5 mau makahiki.
Akā i nā wahi me nā hoʻoilo anuanu, ka momona kiʻekiʻe a me ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o nā keiki e ʻae i ka mālama ʻana i ka nui o ka lehulehu, a ke hoʻonui nei i kekahi manawa. ʻO ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ka puna, ma kahi o ka waena o ʻApelila, paipai i nā cubs e haʻalele i kā lākou cocoons.
Nui ka hua o Karakurt, hoʻonui lākou i mau kaukani i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Pā ʻia nā spider me nā koena o kahi cobweb e ka makani. Pono nā ʻōpio e hele i nā pae o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, e ikaika ai. Ma ka waena wale nō o Iune e lilo ai ka hanauna hou i oʻo kolohe, hiki ke hana hou, inā ʻaʻole e hoʻopau ʻia ke ola o nā nananana e nā ʻohana hipa, nā puaʻa, a hehi wale lākou.
Hele ka ulu ʻana o kahi punawelewele i kekahi mau hanana. ʻAʻole ʻae ka pūpū chitin i ka ulu ʻana a hiki i ka hana ʻana o ka molt aʻe a hana ʻia kahi uhi hou aʻe ʻoi aku ka nui. Noho nā kāne ʻehiku molts, wahine ʻeiwa.
No nā kenekulia, ke paio maikaʻi nei ʻo karakurt no ke ola, hoʻololi i nā wahi hou. ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi kamaʻāina ʻona mai nā ʻohana e ʻae i kahi kanaka e hoʻopuehu me ka maluhia me ia, me ka hōʻeha ʻole i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.
