ʻO Mollies a i ʻole nā petilia - kahi ʻano iʻa o viviparous iʻa (lat. Poecilia), i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻohana nui o nā petiliaceae. Ua ola ka inoa "mollynesia" ma ke ʻano he echo o ka inoa generic mua ʻo Mollienesia. I nā moʻokalaleo ʻōlelo Pelekania, hoʻopau ʻia ka inoa o mollies i "molly".
ʻAʻole ia he hoʻonui e ʻōlelo i nā mollies i ka mua ma ke kaulana i waena o nā aquarist novice, no ka mea he mollies hoʻi nā guppi kaulana. Mālama nā ipo iʻa ʻike ʻoi aku ka nui i nā platias no nā kumu hānau.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO nā mollies nā iʻa o nā ʻano panina. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ke poʻo i ka 20% o ka lōʻihi o ke kino. Waha waha. Poepoe nā maka me kahi iris keʻokeʻo. Kūlike nā kinona i ka nui, poepoe i nā wahine. Aia kekahi ʻano me kahi fin dorsal i hoʻomohala ʻia. ʻO kēia nā moku peʻa a me nā mollies ākea.
Hōʻike nui ʻia ka dimorphism o nā kāne i ka nui. ʻO ka wahine ma ka liʻiliʻi he hapakolu ka nui ma mua o ke kāne. I ka lōʻihi, hiki ke hoʻonui i 10 cm. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o nā kāne i ke kala. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi hiʻohiʻona hou aʻe. Ua hānau hou ʻia ka fin fin i loko o kahi ʻōhua hānau - ka gonopodium. Mālama ia i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā gametes kāne i ka wahine.
He paʻakikī e loaʻa nā mollies kala kūlohelohe i nā aquarium. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻo ke kala o nā mollies kahi o nā kiko palupalu o ke ʻano kūlike ʻole. Hiki i nā kiko ke hina, ʻeleʻele, uliuli-hina. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka mālamalama a me ka lauwili o ka poʻe Breeders ma mua o ko lākou ʻohana manuahi.
Nā ʻano
Aia he 33 mau ʻano ʻokoʻa i ka genus o mollies. Aia kekahi mau mea i makemake nui ʻia.
- Nā mollies Amazonian. Hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ʻo ia nā petilia nani. I kahi mokuʻāina manuahi, noho ia i loko o ka wai mehana a me ka mālie o nā kahawai o ka ipu Amazon. Ua hoʻokumu ka poʻe biologists i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki i nā mollies Amazonian ke hanau hou me ka ʻole o ke kāne. ʻOi aku ka pololei, i ka nele o nā kāne o kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī, hoʻohana lākou i nā huahana moekolohe o nā kāne o kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe. Akā hoʻonāukiuki wale nā gametes haole i nā hua manu o nā wahine, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻolauna ʻana i kā lākou ʻike i loko iā lākou. Hoʻoholo kēia i ka pilikia o ka mālama ʻana i nā laha i ka hanana o ka hemahema o nā kāne.
- Mollies ākea fin. I nā kumuwaiwai Pelekania ua kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo "mollie sailboat". ʻO kona ʻano kūlohelohe nā kahawai mehana me nā kahawai nāwaliwali a me nā backwaters mehana i ka hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻākau ʻo Mexico.
- Nā mollies fin liʻiliʻi. Uhi kona laulā kūlohelohe i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka ʻāina ʻAmelika. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā kahawai a me nā kino kūpale o ka wai mai Texas a Venezuela. Ua kūlohelohe nā ʻano kala o kēia ʻano i loko o ka nohona.
- Nā mollies holo moana. ʻO ka inoa ʻelua o kēia iʻa he veloll mollies. Hōʻike ka inoa a me ka hiʻona i kekahi huikau. I ke kamaʻilio ʻana i nā mollies holo, hiki iā lākou ke manaʻo i nā mollies ʻelua a me nā mollies.
- Nā mollies Mekiko. Ma Mekiko a me Guatemala, aia nā kino wai mehana i noho ai kēia iʻa i kona kūlana kūlohelohe. Ua loaʻa kekahi o nā lehulehu i loko o kahi waihona wai ana ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Tobasco ʻo Mekiko. ʻAʻole wale kēia iʻa e hoʻolilo i kona ola holoʻokoʻa i ka pouli, mālama ia e noho i nā wai i piha i ka hydrogen sulfide. Ua kapa ʻia ka heluna kanaka "nā ana mollies".
- ʻO Endler's Mollies. Aia kona pae kūloko ma Venezuela ma ka mokupuni ʻo Paria. Kēia mollies — iʻa liʻiliʻi a kala loa. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hele me nā guppy. ʻO nā hybrids hopena i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo Endler's guppy.
- ʻO Guppy Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano e ke kālaolaola Pelekane ʻo Robert Guppy ma ka mokupuni ʻo Trinidad. Kaulana ka iʻa i waena o nā aquarist, ma ka laulā, hana ia ma ke ʻano he kūʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole i pili i ka genus o mollies (platies).
I ko mākou manawa, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka pae o ka guppy. I nā wahi tropical a subtropical a pau, hana nā gup Puppies ma ke ʻano he mea hakakā nui e kūʻē i nā ʻūlū namu malaria. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā guppy ma nā kahawai a me nā loko wale nō, akā i nā waihona hana a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoulu wai.
Ma waho aʻe o nā lāhui kūlohelohe, ua hoʻomohala nā aquarist ʻoihana i nā ʻano he nui i ʻokoʻa i nā ʻaoʻao fin a me ke kala o ke kino. Manaʻo ka poʻe kuʻuna mollies ʻeleʻele ʻo ia ka pepa kala pololei loa no ka iʻa. Kūkākūkā lākou i ka kaulana o nā mollies mai ka iʻa melanistic.
ʻO nā mea kupaianaha ka iʻa huelo me nā iʻa i uhi ʻia i uhi ʻia. Loaʻa kēia mau ʻano mai nā ʻano laha like ʻole. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o nā guppi i uhi ʻia i ka huile ma mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole hiki ke helu ʻia nā kala o nā mollies. Ke hōʻike mau ʻia nei nā mea hou: ʻo kēia ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana o ka iʻa iʻa ʻoihana iʻa i ka hoihoi i kēia genus o ka iʻa pecilia.
Ma waena o nā ʻano mollies i loaʻa ʻimi ʻia, aia kekahi mea makemake nui ʻia.
- ʻO Molliesia kahi Dalmatian. Hōʻike hou i ke kala o kahi ʻano ʻīlio ʻike ʻia. Ke hoʻokau nei i ka ʻike. Maikaʻi no nā aquarium i piha i nā mea kanu wai. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e aloha wale me waena o lākou wale nō, akā e loaʻa pū kekahi meaʻai māmā me ka lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
- Mollies ʻeleʻele. Ua hānai ʻia ka hybrid i ke kenekulia i hala, a ua hōʻike ʻia i nā aquarist i nā makahiki 1920. ʻO kekahi o nā hana hana mua. I ke ʻano a me ke ʻano, ʻokoʻa iki ʻo ia mai kāna mau hoa. E like me ke koena mollies i loko o ka aquarium aloha i ka nui o nā greenery. Hiki ke noho i loko o ka wai paʻakai liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka poʻe Aquarist, e ʻike nei i kēia hiʻohiʻona, hoʻonoho iā ia ʻaʻole wale i loko o ka wai kai, akā i loko o nā aquarium kai. Ma mua o ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana, hoʻonui iki ʻia ka paʻakai i ka pae i makemake ʻia i loko o ka moku me nā mollies.
- ʻO Platinum Lyrebird. ʻOkoʻa i ke kala o nā unahi. Ma waho o ka metallic, platinum sheen o ke kino, ke kaena nei ia i kahi moʻo huelo o kahi ʻano kūikawā. Hoʻomaka ka ʻula kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ka mea lalo e hoʻopau me nā kukuna elongated.
- Moku holo moana. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia ʻano mollies e ke kala ʻalani-gula o nā unahi a me kahi mea nui, ʻaneʻane ma luna o ke kua holoʻokoʻa, fin dorsal kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole hoʻi ʻo ia e koi i nā kūlana nohona, e like me kona ʻohana. Makemake ʻia e loaʻa kahi wai paʻakikī paʻakikī, kahi nui o nā limu a me ka salinity māmā.
- Balloon Mollies. A i ʻole nā mollies i hoʻonui ʻia. Loaʻa ka inoa ma muli o ke kino huikau. Hoʻopōkole ʻia a mānoanoa, hāʻawi i ka manaʻo o kahi iʻa momona, a he aha lā ia mollies hāpai keiki... Ma waho aʻe o nā hiʻohiʻona anatomical, hiki iā ia ke kahaha me nā kala like ʻole. ʻIke ʻia, ʻalani, hina a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
Mālama a mālama
Kuhikuhi ʻole mollies aquarium makemake ʻia e nā ipo iʻa i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka home. ʻO kahi ipu o ka nui akahai hiki ke lilo i home no kahi ʻāpana mollies liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia kahi leo o 100 liters i kūpono no nā mollies e noho a loaʻa ka mea nui mai ka nānā ʻana iā lākou.
Makemake kahi mea hoʻomehana. Inā kele ka mahana o ka lumi ma lalo o 18-20 ° C, pono ke kumu o ka wela hou. Ma nā mahana ma lalo o 14 ° C, make ka iʻa. ʻAʻole makemake ʻia kahi wela kiʻekiʻe, hoʻopōkole ia i ke ola o ka iʻa. Ma ke kūpono, manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia kēia mau iʻa e leʻaleʻa i ka ʻauʻau ʻana i ka wai 25 kekelē.
ʻO kahi pono hana o kēlā me kēia aquarium kahi compressor no ka aeration ʻimi hoʻopihapiha, saturation o ka wai me ka oxygen. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka mālama ʻana i ka paʻakikī i koi ʻia a me ka acidity, ʻoiai aia kēia mau palena i waenakonu o ka pae hiki. ʻO kahi waikawa kūpono e pili ana iā PH 7, hiki i ka paʻakikī i ka laulā o dH 10-20.
Pono nā kukui hou aʻe o ka aquarium no nā kānaka āpau. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā mea kanu wai iā ia. Kūleʻa nā Mollies i ka hui me ka hornwort, egeria, pinwort a me nā kamaʻāina aquarium ʻōmaʻomaʻo maʻamau. Mollies hoʻokaulike maikaʻi loa me nā greens.
ʻIke maikaʻi nā iʻa a me nā mea kanu ma hope o kekahi. ʻO Molynesia he omnivorous, no laila hiki iā ia ke ʻai i kahi lau a i ʻole ka ulu ʻana ma kahi lālā, akā ʻaʻole ia e hōʻino i nā aʻa. ʻO nā mea kanu, ʻaʻole mollies, kuhikuhi i nā mea e moe ai i lalo. ʻO ka maʻamau he maʻū, holoi i ke one a i nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi paha.
ʻAʻole ʻeli nā mollies i ka substrate no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Hiki iā lākou ke hāpai i nā bloodworms a i ʻole tubifex mai lalo, kahi, e like me nā ʻano ʻano o nā meaʻai ola, ʻo ia ka meaʻai maikaʻi loa no nā mollies. Hoʻohui ʻia, maikaʻi lākou no nā ʻano meaʻai maloʻo. ʻO nā iʻa Mollies he omnivorous, mai hōʻike i ka hoʻopili i kekahi meaʻai, e ʻūlū ikaika i nā mea ulu ma nā lau mea kanu, i kekahi manawa ʻohi i nā greens Hiki iā lākou ke ʻahaʻaina i ka caviar o haʻi a me kā lākou keiki ponoʻī.
Hoʻohālike aquarium
ʻO Mollies i ke kiʻi hopu pinepine ʻia e hoʻopuni ʻia e nā ʻano, pili a pili ʻole o nā iʻa aquarium. Makemake ka iʻa e noho i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. Kūpono ʻole. ʻO ka laulā o nā palena wai e hiki ai ke ola ka laulā. No laila, loaʻa i nā mollies kahi pae kiʻekiʻe o ka livability.
Ke waiho nei i kahi iʻa i loko o kahi aquarium maʻamau, pono ʻoe e nānā hou aku i ke ʻano o kona mau hoalauna. ʻO nā iʻa waena, ʻole iʻa kolohe, kūpono i nā iʻa viviparous, kūpono no lākou. E ʻoluʻolu ʻo Mollies ma kahi o nā swordtails, nā cichlids waena, nā scalars, lalius. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i kekahi ke nānā i kahi ʻano o ka cannibalism: hiki iā ia ke ʻai maʻalahi i ka mea a haʻi a me kāna keiki.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o ke kāne a me ka wahine. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka wahine a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻōlinolino, poepoe a ʻike ʻia kekahi ʻano koʻikoʻi i loko ona. Mollies kāne lawe lima, hoʻonani nani ʻia, e hōʻike mau ana i kona lole. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau o ka noho ʻana, hiki i nā mollies ke hānau keiki i kēlā me kēia mahina.
ʻAʻole pili ka hana a kā lākou male ʻana me kekahi kau. ʻO ka hoʻonui iki ʻana o ka mahana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mea protein i ka papaʻai hiki ke hoʻokuʻi i ka iʻa e hoʻomaka i ka hānau ʻana. I loko o kahi aquarium mehana, hāpai ka wahine i ka palai ma mua o 20 mau lā. Inā aia ka mahana o ka wai ma lalo o 22 ° C, hiki ke kaʻina hoʻolālā embryo i 40 mau lā.
Loaʻa i kahi aquarists mākaukau i kahi aquarium e hoʻouluulu mākaukau ana i ka manawa e ʻikea ai nā keiki. ʻO ka wahine, e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻailona āpau o ka mākaukau no ka hānau hānau ʻana, hoʻonoho ʻia i loko o kēia nohona pākahi. Aia i loko o ka pahu hū ka wai like me ka aquarium nui. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea kanu lau liʻiliʻi i loko ona, i waena o kahi e hiki ai i nā iʻa hānau hou ke peʻe.
Hānau nā wahine o nā mollies i ka 10 a i ka 100 fry. Inā ʻoe e hoʻihoʻi i ka makua i ka aquarium maʻamau i ka manawa, a laila kokoke i nā mea āpau kālailai mollies ola. E hānai iā lākou, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka lepo i kapa ʻia he ola i loko o ka aquarium. I ka makahiki hoʻokahi a i ʻelua pule paha, hoʻomaka ka iʻa e ʻai i ka meaʻai maloʻo grated.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mollies i kahi ʻano pilikino, no ka hānau hou ʻana o nā keiki, ʻaʻole pono nā wahine i kahi hālāwai me kahi kāne. I hoʻokahi mahina ma hope, a i kekahi manawa ma mua, hiki i ka wahine ke kahili i ka hua mua o ka ʻai me ka ʻimi ʻole e launa me ke kāne. ʻO ka maʻalahi o ka hele ʻana i ke kaʻina hānau keiki paha kekahi o nā kumu no ka makemake ʻia o nā mollies.
ʻO ka pono e ola ka makahiki o ke komo ʻana i ke ʻano makua i ka iʻa liʻiliʻi loa. I mea e pale ʻole ai i ka hana hou ʻole ʻia ʻana, noho nā kāne ʻōpio a me nā wahine i nā pahu like ʻole. ʻOiai he mea nui ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kāne, hiki i kēia ke hana i ka ʻelua a ʻekolu mau pule paha o ko lākou makahiki.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā iʻa viviparous, me nā mollies, he hiʻohiʻona. Hānau ʻia nā mollies fry i hana piha ʻia, hiki i ke ola kūʻokoʻa. Akā hele lākou i loko o ka pae hua manu. Nā mollies wahine lau hua i loko o kona ʻōpū. ʻAʻole pili pololei nā embryo me ke kino o ka makuahine, e like me nā holoholona placental, hānai lākou i nā mea i loko o ka hua manu.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka puka ʻana mai ka hua manu pū kekahi i loko o ke kino o ka wahine, a ma hope iho ua hānau ʻia kahi iʻa hou. No laila, ʻoi aku ka pololei o ke kāhea ʻana i nā mollies ʻaʻole ka viviparous, akā ʻo ovoviviparous. Mālama kēia ʻano hanau i ke ola o ka hapanui o nā keiki. Eia hou, hāʻawi ia i kahi loli hanauna maʻalahi i ka aquarium, kahi a ka hobby aquarist e ʻike nui ai.
Noho ʻo Mollies i nā makahiki he 3-5. Hoʻohana ke ʻano hānau i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke ola o nā laha. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻokoʻa kūlohelohe a me ka wikiwiki o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā keiki kahi kūlana maikaʻi no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hana hoʻohua. Ke hoʻoholo nei i ka helu o nā ʻano hānai i hana ʻia, hana maikaʻi nā mea hoʻohua.
Hoʻonāukiuki ʻia ka manaʻo o ke koho kuhikuhi ʻana e kahi māka maʻalahi ʻana o ka iʻa. ʻEkolu a ʻehā paha mau mahina ma hope o ka noho ʻana i loko o kahi aquarium guppy, e ʻike ʻia nā kāne me ke kala ʻokoʻa o nā lau lau. Hiki i kēia ke hana me ka hana hou ʻole ʻana o ka iʻa.
No kahi kūpono, ʻepekema e pili ana i ka hana hānau, kūʻai aku ka aquarist a hana paha i kekahi mau aquariums. I nā mea nui aku, nā mea hānai, e mālama ʻia ka hanauna ʻōpio o nā iʻa, nā kāne kaʻawale mai nā wahine aku. E noho ʻekolu pālua o nā mea hana i nā ipu pilikino.
Hoʻololi hou ʻia nā mea hana me nā iʻa i wae ʻia mai kā lākou keiki ponoʻī. E kāpae i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka pili pilikino, pili i ka neʻe ʻana o nā kāne a me nā wahine i ke ala i hiki ʻole ai kahi iʻa mai nā mākua like. Hoʻomaka ʻia kahi mea hoʻoili koho, kahi e koho mau ʻia ai ka mea ʻoi loa, akā ʻaʻole i hele ʻia nā ʻohana pili loa.
ʻO ka loaʻa a me ka pono o ka hana hānau me nā iʻa i hoʻohuli i kēia kaʻina hana i hana leʻaleʻa no nā aquarist he nui. I Rūsia, ʻaneʻane i kēlā me kēia makahiki, mālama ʻia ka hoʻokūkū no nā guppy hānai hou. Hana ʻia nā ʻahaʻaina like i nā ʻāina he nui o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia. Kūʻai ʻia nā iʻa ʻoi loa ma ke kūʻai. ʻO ka "akā" wale nō: ʻaʻole hiki i nā palapala i loaʻa hou ke lawe i kā lākou mau ʻano i nā keiki.
Kumukūʻai
Hāʻawi ka mākeke kūʻai iʻa iʻa iʻa i kēia manawa i ke koho ākea ākea o nā ʻano a me nā kala o nā mollies, a i ʻole ke kāhea pololei ʻia ʻana ma nā lepili a me nā kumukūʻai, nā platies. Kūʻai ʻia nā iʻa o nā kala maʻalahi a maʻamau i ke kumu kūʻai o 50 rubles. Mollies keʻokeʻo, a i ʻole ʻo "snowflake" i ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi, e uku ʻia 100-150 rubles. Etc.
ʻO Guppies, nā mea kūʻai aku ʻaʻole hui pū me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, a kūʻai aku ma ke ʻano he kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa, e hoʻomaka i kahi kumukūʻai mai 90-100 rubles. Nīnau nā mea kūʻai pilikino a me nā mea kūʻai aku i kahi kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā hale kūʻai. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka mea nona kahi huahana ʻoi aku, nona nā iʻa e ola lōʻihi.
Hoʻohuli ʻia ke kumukūʻai hope loa e ke kala, a ʻo ka mea nui, ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o nā iʻa nui. ʻO ka nui o nā iʻa e hōʻike nei ʻaʻole wale a ʻaʻole hoʻi i ka nui o nā makahiki e like me nā kūlana o ka mālama ʻana i nā iʻa. Mālama nā mea hānai iʻa iʻa iā lākou i nā kūlana lehulehu. Wale me ka mālama pono ʻana i ka iʻa i kahi manawa kūpono e ulu i kā lākou nui nui.
