ʻŪhini i manaʻo ʻia he hoahānau lōʻihi ʻole o nā ʻūhini nani. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hōʻino a kā lākou hipa i hui pū ai, ua nui ka pālākiō. ʻO nā māla Derelict, nā māla palaoa aʻa aʻa, nā māla i wāwahi ʻia - ka hopena hopena ma hope o ke kipa ʻana i kā lākou pua aloha.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Ua hāʻawi ke kūlohelohe i ka ʻūhini me kahi kino elongated a ʻeono mau lālā, a he pōkole a palupalu hoʻi nā pālua, ua ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kekahi (hope) a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. I kekahi mau hihia, aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona nona ka "ulu" kokoke i 15 knm.
He poʻo nui ko kēia mau mea kōkua me nā maka ʻike maopopo ʻia. Uhi ʻia kahi paʻa o ka elite paʻa i 2 mau ʻēheu aniani, kahi mea ʻike ʻole ʻia ke pelu ʻia. Pili ka ʻūhini i ke kauoha lōʻihi o Orthoptera, nona kahi i manaʻo ʻia he ʻoi aku ma mua o iwakālua tausani ʻano.
ʻAʻohe o ka pili kala ʻana me ka heredity, nā kūlana wale nō e ola ai kēlā me kēia kanaka a me ke kahua o kāna hoʻokumu ʻana i ka kala. E kala ʻokoʻa nā ʻano kumu mai ka ʻōpala like inā e hoʻāla ʻia i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa.
He hopena pololei ka paepae o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana o ka ʻeneto - pena ʻia ka poʻe loner i nā aka camouflage (ʻōmaʻomaʻo-melemele a i ʻole ka nutty), i hoʻohuli ʻia e ka ʻāina noho. Ke hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻohana, loaʻa i nā mea āpau ke kala, like ke kala like me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ke nalowale nei ka hoʻokaʻawale kāne kāne i kēia manawa.
ʻO ka wikiwiki e neʻe ai ka ʻohana i 120 km i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻŪhini i ka kiʻi ke nānā aku e like me kahi ʻūhini i kamaʻāina i kēlā me kēia keiki. I kuhihewa ʻole ai ʻole e haʻalele i ka helehelena o kahi hoʻopunipuni lepo weliweli, pono ʻoe e nānā i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano aʻe:
- ʻūhini a me ka ʻūhini ʻike nui ʻia e ka nui o nā antennae. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻūhū ma kona nui ponoʻī, he ʻumiʻumi pōkole ko ka ʻūhini, ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o kona poʻo;
- ʻAʻole i hoʻomohala nā kānaka ʻūhini i nā forelimbs ma mua o nā ʻūhini;
- aloha nā ʻūhini i ke anuanu o ka pō a hoʻomaka e hoʻoulu i ke ahiahi, a ʻeleu ka ʻūhini i ke ao;
- mauʻu nā ʻūhini, ʻaʻohe lākou e ʻākoakoa i nā hui nui no ka mālama ʻana iā lākou iho;
- ʻo ka ʻūhini maʻamau ka mea ʻaihue e ʻai wale i nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka ʻūhini ka mea ʻai i nā mea kanu (no ka hapa nui, me ka nānā ʻole, e ʻai ia i nā mea āpau e ʻike ʻia).
Nā ʻano
ʻO nā ʻano ʻūhini kaulana loa:
1. Ka neʻe a i ʻole ʻAsia.
Loaʻa ia i nā nui ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa a ma nā ʻāina aia ma ke komohana o ʻAsia, ma nā panalāʻau o ke Kaiwaenahonua ʻAmelika, ma nā ʻāina ʻo East Asia. ʻO ka nui o ke kino i ke kanaka makua he 40-60 mm ka nui.
Loaʻa i nā ʻeheu kahi ʻano hina hina a me nā ʻeleʻele pouli. Hōʻike hou ke kala i nā aka o nā wahi e pili ana - ʻōmaʻomaʻo emerald, ʻeleʻele hina a one paha. ʻO nā lālā o hope o kēia mau mea kolo i kahi kala ʻeleʻele i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ke kino.
2. Moroccan.
Kūleʻa kēia ʻano i ke kaiāulu o ke Kaiwaenahonua o ka ʻākau o ʻApelika. ʻIke ʻia nā pepeke ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, a me nā ʻāina hoʻi e waiho ana ma ka Balkan Peninsula a me ka hema o Lūkia.
ʻO nā mākua kaulike, ma ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mm, ʻano maʻamau ʻole ke kala, hina hina. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike iā lākou kahi hiʻohiʻona e like me ka malu o ke kua ma nā ʻāpana pouli a ma kahi ākea o ke kino.
3. ʻItalia.
ʻO ka wahi nui o ka noho ʻana nā ʻāina o nā peninsulas Iberian a me Apennine. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā mea kolo ma nā wahi ma ke komohana o ka Ural a ma nā ʻāina ʻAsia, ma ka Teritori Altai a me nā ʻāina o ka Hikina Arab.
ʻO ka nui o ka nui i ulu ai kahi ʻeneke makua he 40 mm. ʻO nā kānaka o ka ʻūhini ʻItalia he brick a brownish paha, ma ka hope, ʻike maopopo ʻia nā kiko a i ʻole nā ʻāpana o kahi malu māmā.
4. Siberian filly.
Hiki ke loaʻa ma nā ʻaneʻane āpau o ka ʻāpana ʻAsia o ka Russian Federation (koe wale no nā wahi permafrost) a me Kazakhstan. Hiki ke loaʻa kahi helu nui o Siberian filly ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau o Mongolia a me Kina, ka ʻāina mauna o ka Caucasus. He akahai ka nui o nā mākua, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ko lākou lōʻihi i ka 25 mm. ʻEleʻele ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā kolo me kahi aniani brownish a i ʻole ke aka o ka khaki.
5. Palapala ʻāina ʻAigupita.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me kēia laha i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka ʻAinapuni ʻApelika, a me nā ʻāina Waena Waena. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā mea kolo i hoʻohiwahiwa loa. Hiki i nā wahine ke ulu a 60-70 mm. Heʻuʻuku nā kāne kāne, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ko lākou kino ma mua o 40-45 mm.
Pena ʻia ia mau ʻūhini i ke kala iole a i ʻole ke kala o ke one momona. Loaʻa i nā wāwae hope o ka pepeke kahi lilina bluish, i kekahi manawa me ka hoʻohui o ka melemele-ʻulaʻula. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona e ʻike maopopo ʻia nā laina - ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma nā maka ʻōpuʻu.
6. Pālani ʻēheu polū.
Noho i nā ʻāpana steppe a me nā ululāʻau ululāʻau o ʻAsia a me ʻEulopa, ka Caucasus, nā ʻaoʻao komohana o Siberia a me Kazakhstan. ʻAʻole pili i nā lāhui i nui. ʻO 20 mm nā mea āpau e hiki ai i kahi pest me nā peʻa nani ke ulu aʻe. Kupaianaha ke kala o ka pepeke.
ʻO nā ʻeheu he turquoise a polū momona paha, kahi e ʻike maopopo ʻia ai kahi hiʻohiʻona nani o nā ʻāpana pouli lahilahi. ʻO nā wāwae o ka hope he mau wili liʻiliʻi ia o kahi malu a ʻalani nā polū polū.
7. ʻĀhini anuenue.
Noho ma ka mokupuni ʻo Madagascar. He mea kupaianaha a hoʻoweliweli kēia i kēlā me kēia kanaka, akā i ka manawa like, ʻona loa. Hoʻopiha maoli ʻia kāna mau ʻōnaehana āpau me nā mea ʻona a ʻona hoʻi, ʻoiai ʻo ia e ʻai wale i nā mea kanu e hoʻohua i ka wai ʻona.
Mea ʻai punahele - nā lau waiū a me nā huaʻai. Kupaianaha ka helehelena - ʻohiʻohi ʻia nā kala a pau ma luna o kona mau ʻeheu, a maopopo kēia, no ka mea, noho ʻo ia i waena o nā mea kanu ʻōlinolino. He nani nā hiʻohiʻona o ka nani - a i 70 mm.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻūhini kona hiki ke noho kaʻawale a hōʻuluʻulu i nā kaiāulu nunui. Inā he mehameha kēlā kanaka, hana me ka mālie, hana ʻole a palaka ʻole. ʻAʻole nānā pinepine ʻia nā hopena hōʻino o kona noho ʻana.
Ke nalo ka meaʻai, hoʻāʻo nā pepeke e hoʻomoe i nā hua he nui i hiki, mai nā mea e hāhā ai nā kānaka, mākaukau e neʻe i nā ākea ākea. ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia keiki, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kā lākou mau ʻeheu no ka lele lōʻihi. I loko o nā ʻūhini ʻūhini nunui, ma kahi o ka hapalua biliona mau kānaka e ʻākoakoa ai i kekahi manawa. He ʻano kupaianaha ka neʻe ʻana o ia ʻano hipa a hui pū me he meaola hoʻokahi.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka nele o nā meaola a me nā amino acid i loko o ke kino o nā kānaka ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka meaʻai i nā makahiki maloʻo e lilo ia i hōʻailona no ka nui o nā hua.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻAʻole lawe nā mea wale nō i nā pōʻino i nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Loaʻa ka makemake nui i nā Loners. I ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻai ma mua o ʻelima haneli mau gram o ka nui ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka pilikia nui ka hui ʻana o nā ʻūhini.
I mea e hoʻopiha ai i ke kaulike o ka ikehu a me ka ikaika, koi ʻia nā kānaka i ʻākoakoa i loko o ka pā e ʻai me ka kū ʻole, a make lākou i ka make wai a me ka nele o ka protein. ʻO nā ʻūhini, ke ʻike nei iā lākou iho i ka hui o nā hoahānau he nui, hoʻomaka e hōʻike i ka ʻai kupaianaha. Hiki i kekahi kanaka ke ʻūlū ma kahi o ʻehā haneli mau gram o ka nui ʻōmaʻomaʻo i kēlā me kēia lā, akā aia he miliona o lākou i ka ʻohana.
Me ka nele o ka protein i loko o ke kino, hoʻomaka nā mea kolo e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i nā predators, a hoʻomaka ke kaʻina o ka ʻai ʻana i kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī. I kēia hihia, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻohana i ʻelua subgroups hōʻailona, e holo ana kekahi o mua, a hoʻāʻo ka lua e hopu a ʻai. ʻAi nā mea heʻe ʻelua a me ka hopu i nā mea āpau i ko lākou ala, hoʻopau loa i nā mea kanu a me nā māla.
ʻŪhini – pest unpretentious. E waiho ka kaiaulu miliona kālā i ka ʻāina hakahaka ma hope o kona noho ʻana me nā koena laha ʻole o nā koʻokoʻo e ulu ana. Kūlike nā mea ʻokoʻa i ka makemake nui i ka nele o ka wela (kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi).
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻO ka ʻūhū kahi pepeke oviparous a hoʻohua i ka moekolohe. ʻO kahi kāne hoʻoleʻaleʻa, e ʻumeʻume i ka wahine, hana i kahi hormone kikoʻī, e ka honi a ka wahine e nānā ai i kahi hoa kūpono.
ʻImi ʻia e ka ʻala, loaʻa iā ia ke kāne a hoʻāʻo e hoʻokokoke iā ia i kahi kokoke loa. Hoʻopili ke kāne i ka wahine a hoʻāʻo e kau i kahi capsule me ka sperm i ka ʻāpana o ka hope hope o ka ʻōpū (ovipositor). Lōʻihi pinepine ka male ʻana a hiki ke hala i 13 mau hola.
Haʻalele ka wahine i ka ovipositor i loko o ka lepo a uhi iā ia me kahi wai hua, a e hoʻokūpaʻa iā ia e lilo i cocoon paʻakikī. Hiki i kekahi o kēlā paʻa ke hoʻopaʻa i nā hua he 60-80. I loko o kona ola ʻana, hana ka wahine mai ka ʻeono a ʻumikūmālua paʻa, i loko o laila he ʻehā haneli hua.
Ma hope o nā lā he ʻumikūmālua, kolo nā lū keʻokeʻo mai loko mai o kahi kōpena, i lawe koke ʻia e hānai nui. Hoʻokomo ka larva i kekahi mau hanana o ka hoʻomohala a lilo i hiʻohiʻona o nā mākua i 35-40 mau lā.
Pili ka manawa o ka ʻūhini i ke ʻano o ka nohona o ko lākou wahi noho a hiki mai 7-8 mau mahina a i 2 mau makahiki. I nā wahi me ka hoʻoilo nui, make nā ʻūhini me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hau. Hoʻomaopopo i ko lākou ʻāina ʻūhini ʻūhini ʻūhini, pono ʻoe e hoʻoinu i ka wahi i nā manawa a pau e hiki ai, no ka mea ʻaʻole hana kope maikaʻi nā filly i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi kiʻekiʻe.
Mālama maikaʻi ʻia nā mea kanu me kahi wai i hana kūikawā ʻia no kēia mau mea kolo. ʻO nā holoholona i ʻai i nā lau ʻona e make i 2-3 mau lā. Pono e nānā pono i ka ʻike ʻana i nā wahi kahi e hiki ai ke kau i nā hua, a e hoʻāʻo e pale i ke ʻano o nā larvae.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
Ma waena o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hanana a me ke ola o ka ʻūhini, nui nā ʻike hoihoi.
- Ma muli o ka ulu pono o ka nūpepa i nā wāwae hope, ua hiki ke neʻe i hoʻokahi lele i kahi mamao i iwakālua mau manawa ka nui o kona kino.
- Ke ʻai nei i nā ʻūhini, ʻai lākou i nā mea uliuli i nā pōpō. Ke holo i waho ka meaʻai me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo i kahi lumi paʻa, hoʻomaka ka ʻūhini e ʻai i kāna mea huehue inā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kala.
- Hiki i nā kolo ke lele i nā ākea nui me ka pae ʻole - a i ʻehā haneli mau kilomita. ʻO ka lele lōʻihi loa o kahi ʻūhini kolo mai ka ʻāina ʻApelika a i nā mokupuni Caribbean. Lanakila kahi pūʻulu ʻūhini helehelena i kahi o iwakālua mau kilomita i ke ao.
- Ua hoʻopau ʻia he 7,000 tone o ka citrus i loko o 5 mau lā e ke kaiāulu ʻūhini i hoʻouka kaua i nā māla lāʻau ʻalani i Morocco. Kupaianaha insatiability - hoʻokahi tona no minuke.
- ʻŪhini – pepeke, kahi e noho ai nā ʻāina āpau o ka honua, ʻo Antarctica wale nō ka mea i koe. ʻO kēia ke kumu o nā kūlana aniau paʻakikī a me ka nele loa o ka meaʻai. Akā he mea hoihoi, ʻaʻole lākou ma ʻAkau ʻAkau. ʻIke hope loa ʻūhini ʻūhini ma ka ʻāina ʻĀkau i ka makahiki 1875.
- ʻO ke ala ʻokoʻa loa e kaohi ai i nā ʻūhini i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma 15th kenekulia Farani. ʻO ka luna kānāwai, ka mea e noʻonoʻo nei i ka hihia o ka hōʻino ʻana i nā māla māla e nā ʻūlū, i hoʻoholo i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kahi ʻāpana ʻāina iā lākou, ka mea i pāpā loa ʻia e haʻalele i nā mea ʻino.
- Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻūhini i ka papa kuhikuhi o nā lāhui he nui o ka honua. ʻAi ʻia kēia mau mea kolo ma kanakolukumamāono mokuʻāina aia ma ka moku ʻApelika, iwakāluakūmāiwa mau ʻāina ʻAsia a iwakāluakūmākolu mau mokuʻāina ma ka moku ʻAmelika Hema. Ua hōʻoia ʻia nā noiʻi i nā ʻūhini nā meaʻai kūpono e hiki ai ke pani i ka ʻiʻo, haʻahaʻa lākou i ka momona a kiʻekiʻe i nā huaora.
