Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka ʻohana Weevil (lat.Curculionifae) ʻike ʻia e kāna ʻano ʻokoʻa, no ke kauoha Coleoptera a i ʻole Beetles. Ma Rūsia, aia he ʻoi aku ma mua o 5,000 mau ʻano nāhelehele ʻūlū, ʻuʻuku ka nui. I nā tropics, kahi e noho ai ka hapanui o nā laha, loaʻa nā pilikua maoli a hiki i 5-6 knm i ka nui. ʻAʻole pau ke aupuni insect, wehewehe ʻia nā ʻano hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻOiai kahi kanaka mamao loa mai ka entomology ua kamaʻāina me ka weevil. ʻO ka pinepine i nā pāka a me nā māla hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi ʻumeʻume emerald-ʻōmaʻomaʻo nani me ka ʻōpū melemele a me ke kumu meli e like me ka ʻelepani.
Me he mea lā he pilina pili loa kēia i nā mea ʻinoʻino e hoʻonele iā mākou i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā strawberry a me nā ʻāpala, hao i nā hua nui, a luku i nā hale lāʻau. A ʻo ka weevil ʻōmaʻomaʻo iho, ʻoiai he omnivorous ia, ʻaʻole e hele i nā kanu moʻomeheu. ʻO ka nalo Weevil i ke kiʻi.
ʻO nā weevil o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa he ʻokoʻa loa i ka helehelena. Hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ke kinona o ke kino, pālahalaha, kūlike i ke daimana, ma ke ʻano he hemisphere. ʻO ke kala o ka uhi chitinous mai nā leo māmā a i ka brown a me ka ʻeleʻele, pinepine me nā kiko.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka nalo ka hele ʻana o kahi poʻo nui poʻo poʻo, mahalo i ka inoa o nā weevil. Liʻiliʻi ka rostrum i kekahi ʻano, a i kekahi ua ʻoi aku ia i ka nui o ke kino i nā manawa he nui.
ʻO ka meaʻai a nā mākua a me kāna larva ka pinepine o nā aʻa o nā mea kanu. ʻO nā dicotyledons pua pua Herbaceous kahi meaʻai punahele a nā weevil. Makemake kekahi ʻano i ka lāʻau, ka ʻili, ka limu, ka mycelium fungus. Lawe pinepine ʻia ka pae larval i ka lepo a ʻānai ʻia i ke aʻa aʻa, akā ulu kekahi mau ʻano ma nā mea kanu o luna o ka honua.
Nā ʻano
He ʻokoʻa ka ʻohana weevil i ka helehelena a he loli kiʻekiʻe i nā makemake ʻono. ʻO nā mea ulana i ʻike nui ʻia i nā kānaka nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia a i ʻole nā ʻano lāʻau waiwai.
Nā mea ʻino o nā hua hua a me nā lāʻau pōhaku:
- He kino ʻeleʻele ko ka ʻāpala pua beetle, māmā nā wāwae, hoʻopili ka larvae i nā ʻōpuʻu, a noho nā mākua i nā hua, e ʻai ana i kā lākou pulp.
- Bukarka - ka nui 2-3 mm, hina-polū, hoʻopau ka pest i nā ʻōpuʻu a me nā pua.
- ʻO ka goose ʻelepani kahi beetle 0.5 cm ka nui, ʻulaʻula ka uhi chitinous, ʻōlinolino. ʻAi nā pepeke makua i nā ʻōpuʻu pua, e waiho ana i nā hua i nā ovaries ʻōpio.
Nā mea kanu lāʻau:
- Hiki i ka resin point ke kumu o ka make ʻana o kahi kumulāʻau holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i ka hohonu i loko o ka ʻili, hoʻoheheʻe ka larva i nā ʻololī ʻana a hiki i ka pupation.
- Elephant Pine -pest weevil na ululaau coniferous. ʻO ka insect he 1-1.2 cm ka nui, ʻeleʻele me nā kiko melemele liʻiliʻi. Noho ka larva ma lalo o ka ʻiʻo, a ʻūnū nā mākua i ka ʻili o nā lālā ʻōpiopio, a make ka ulu ulu ʻōpio.
- ʻO ka hua nutty ka lawehala o nā hua hakahaka a me nā wormy.
ʻO ka weevil ʻōmaʻomaʻo kahi pest 12 mm ka nui, he uhi ʻoluʻolu mai ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i nā aka brown. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū. Nā lau Nibbles, nā ʻōpuʻu, nā ʻōpuʻu o nā hua, nā hua a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. ʻAi ka larvae i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ke aʻa.
ʻO ka palaoa palaoa kahi pest palaoa o nā kala ʻeleʻele, ma kahi o 3 cm ka nui. Me ka palaoa, hoʻolaha ia a puni ka honua. ʻUwi nā wahine i ka pūpū o ka palaoa, hoʻomoe i kahi hua manu a uhi iā ia me ka lepo. Hiki ke hōʻino i ka nui o nā cereala.
Weevil beet - he uhi chitinous scaly kona, me nā kaha hina. Kanu ia i nā lūlū ʻōpiopio o ka beet kō, nā larva i ka lepo e ʻūlū ana i ke aʻa, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ana i ka hua aʻa. ʻO ka weevil Strawberry, kahi pest of strawberry a me nā raspberry, nā ʻūlū ma nā ʻōpuʻu e hoʻomoe i nā hua.
Auana
ʻAʻole wale ma nā kikoʻī o nā meaola, akā ʻoiai ka evolutionary, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā weevil āpau i ʻelua mau hui like ʻole. ʻO ka lauoho lōʻihi - ua hele mua a ʻoi aku ka holomua. He lōʻihi ko lākou rostrum, hāwili pinepine i lalo, noho nā lūlū i loko o nā mea kanu a i waho paha.
Short-probed, ʻoi aku ka mua, rostrum ma mua o ʻelua mau lōʻihi kona ākea. Noho pinepine ʻo Larvae i ka lepo. No ke koena, hanana weevil ʻokoʻa iki i nā coleoptera ʻē aʻe. Rostrum, pronotum, elytra, ʻēheu, ʻōpū, a ʻekolu mau lālā o ka lālā.
ʻO ke poʻo o ka nalo he ʻano spherical elongated, huli i loko o ka paipu, a ma ka hopena he waha e hāmama ana me nā mandibles liʻiliʻi me nā niho; aia ma kahi o 11-12 mau pā palima. Ma lalo o ka lae kuhihewa nā maka liʻiliʻi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma nā lihi o ke poʻo.
Uhi ʻia ke kino o ka nalo me ka uhi chitinous paʻakikī, maʻalahi, me villi a me nā unahi. He ʻelima mau ʻōpuʻu ʻike maopopo ʻia i ka ʻōpū. Hūnā nā ʻeheu hope ma lalo o ka elytra ʻoʻoleʻa. I nā ʻano manu ʻole, splice ka elytra.
He lōʻihi a pōkole paha nā paws o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa. Mānoanoa ka ʻūhā, lahilahi ka tibiae, aia nā māiʻuʻu ʻelua i ka piko o ke kō. Mālamalama ka larva weevil i ke kala, ʻiʻo, me nā wāwae ʻole. ʻEʻeleʻele ke poʻo ma mua o ke kino a ʻaʻohe ona maka.
Ua haʻi ʻia nā mandibles me nā lihi serrated. ʻO ke ʻano o ka pupa, ʻano like ia; ʻike maka ʻia ke poʻo o ke poʻo, nā maka, a me nā wāwae o ka nalo. I ka hapanui o nā laha, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wahine ma mua o ke kāne a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
I ko mākou ʻāina, noho nā weevil ma Rūkia koe wale nō nā ʻāpana ʻākau loa. ʻO ke anuanu + 20-30˚˚ manaʻo ʻia nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻohua hou ʻana. Ola ka weevil ma hope o kēlā mau mea kanu e hoʻohana ai ʻo ia no ka meaʻai.
No laila ke ola nei ka ʻāpala weevil kokoke i nā māla, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka ʻelepani pine i nā ulu lāʻau coniferous. I ka pūnāwai, hiki ke ʻike ʻia lākou ma nā nāhelehele a lākou e ʻai ai ma mua o ka puka ʻana o nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia.
ʻO nā pepeke hibernates i ke ʻano makua a i ʻole ka pae o ka larva a me ka pupa i ka lau lau, ka lepo, i nā pā o nā ʻili a me nā wahi pale ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā mākua wale nō ka hibernate i ka lepo. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mehana + 7-9˚С, hoʻomaka ke ʻike ʻana i nā nalo mua, akā kū ka hanana nui ke piʻi ka mahana ma luna o 10˚С.
Hāʻule kekahi mau mākua i ka diapause a noho i ka lepo no ke kau mahana holoʻokoʻa, e ʻike ʻia ma ka papa wale nō i ka puna aʻe. I ke kauwela, hele nā nalo i loko o ke ola holoʻokoʻa o ka ulu ʻana. Noho malū ka weevil, kanu ʻia i ka lepo o ka honua i ka pō a i ʻole i ke kau anuanu.
Meaʻai kūpono
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano wea ʻokoʻa i nā hui e like me ke ʻano o ka meaʻai. Weevil ʻōmaʻomaʻo he laʻana o polyphagia i ka meaʻai pono: hiki iā ia ke noho ma nā ʻūnū, birch, maple, apple a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe he nui.
ʻO ke ola o nā weevil ʻē aʻe, ka mea i kapa ʻia. aia nā monopona ma waena o nā ʻano mea kanu like. ʻO kahi laʻana ka hua ʻoka, ʻai nā mākua i nā lau ʻoka, a lawe ʻia ka pae larval i nā acorn.
ʻAi ka wīwī Strawberry i nā ʻea lewa o nā strawberry, akā hoʻopōʻino nō ia i nā raspberry, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻO nā mea kanu o ka ʻohana like (oliphagy) lawelawe i meaʻai. Aia kekahi mau monopona, ma mua o ke ʻano o nā mea kanu kahi a lākou e noho ai, hānai i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻohui ʻia kahi ʻenekua makua a me kahi larva e ka momona loa, akā ʻai ka larva i ʻekolu mau manawa i ʻoi aku i ka ʻelemakule makua. Hoʻopau ikaika nā wao i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā mea kanu a hōʻino loa i ka mahiʻai.
ʻO nā Weevils o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole ka nui o ka meaʻai. Nā lau, nā lālā, nā lālā, nā aʻa o nā mea kanu, nā lau i hāʻule, nā hua, nā pua, ka pollen - ʻaʻole kēia kahi papa inoa piha o nā ʻāpana mea kanu i ʻai ʻia. nalo weevil (saprophytes).
Makemake kekahi mau laha i ka wahie, a hana ka ʻohana i nā ala lōʻihi i loko o ka ʻili. Makemake nā saprophages i nā ʻāpana decomposed o nā mea kanu a me ka wahie, hānai i ka mycelium o fungi.
Noho mau nā mea kanu i kahi mea kanu a hōʻino i kāna mau ʻāpana like ʻole: hānai nā mākua i nā lau a me nā pua, a me nā ʻūlū i nā aʻa. Hoʻokumu pinepine nā Weevil i nā galls (nā ulu ʻino) o nā mea kanu a noho i loko o lākou.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Pīpī wīwī hiki ke hoʻohua i ka moekolohe a me ka parthogenetically. Hoʻomaʻama ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā hua manu a ka wahine ma o ka pā ʻana, a he partogenetic ka beet weevil.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mehana, ka weevil wahine beet, ala aʻe ma hope o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomoe i nā hua manu ma kahi o nā kanu beet. Hiki i ka wahine ke hoʻomoe i nā hua i nā manawa he nui ma waena o ʻApelila a ʻAukake. I kekahi mau laha, make ke kanaka makua ma hope o ke kau ʻana i nā hua.
Hoʻopili ka larvae ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapalua ka mālamalama, me ke poʻo ʻeleʻele, ʻano crescent, molt i nā manawa he nui ke ulu lākou. I ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻomohala, hānai lākou i nā aʻa o nā pua ʻōpio, e luku ana i nā mea kanu. Ke ulu lākou, hiki i ka larva i ka taproot o ka beet, hoʻohaunaele i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke aʻa aʻa.
Ma mua o ka pupation, hoʻolana ka larva i kahi keʻena i ka honua, kahi e pīpī ai ma hope o ʻelua mau mahina o ke ola. Ma hope o 2-3 mau pule, puka mai nā mākua mai nā pupae, ka mea e pili ana i ke kau, lele i mua o ka hoʻoilo, noho kekahi o lākou i ka lepo a hiki i ka hoʻoilo e hiki mai ana.
ʻO nā ʻano lau nahelehele i hana kope ʻia e ka moʻo ʻana i kūlike i ko lākou wā hānau me ke ʻano o nā ʻōpuʻu a me nā hua o nā mea kanu kahi a lākou e hoʻomoe ai i nā hua. ʻOkoʻa ke ola o kahi weevil no nā kumu he nui. Noho lōʻihi kekahi mau ʻano ma mua o kekahi. Noho ka wahine ma lalo o nā kāne.
ʻO nā kānaka i ola i ka hoʻoilo he lōʻihi ko lākou ola. Komo kekahi poʻe mākua i ka diapause a lele ʻole i ke kauwela a hiki i ke kau aʻe. Hiki ke ola o kahi weevil mai kekahi mau mahina a i ʻelua a ʻoi paha mau makahiki.
Pehea e hakakā ai i nā strawberry a i loko o ka hale lāʻau
Makemake nā kānaka āpau i nā hale lāʻau. Mahanahana lākou i ka hoʻoilo a ʻoluʻolu i ke kauwela, maʻalahi e hanu a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi i loko. Minamina, aloha ʻia ka lāʻau, ma ke ʻano he huahana meaʻai, e nā mea lele ʻino he nui, kahi weevil kekahi o ia mau mea.
He pala ka weevil kaulana loa. ʻO kahi kiko ʻeleʻele, 3 mm wale nō ka nui, hiki ke hōʻeha i nā hale lāʻau.
ʻAi ʻoluʻolu ka weevil i nā conifers i loko o nā lumi me ka wela kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hua o kāna hana i ka ʻauʻau, ma lalo o nā puka aniani, ma nā kaʻe a me nā pā hale, i nā hale kiʻi.
Weevil i loko o ka hale hana i nā lua i ka wahie kahi e waiho hua ai. ʻAi ikaika ka larva i nā ʻāpana o loko o ka lāʻau, a laila hiki koke i ka lāʻau holoʻokoʻa ke lilo i lepo mai loko.
ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e hakakā ai i ka pest ka mālama pale ʻana i ka lāʻau me kahi antiseptic i ka wā kūkulu. Akā ʻoiai me nā ana kūleʻa, e ʻike ʻia kahi weevil. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e hakakā i ka pest i nā hui:
- hoʻokaʻaʻike (ʻawaʻawa nui) —hexochlorane, dichlorvos;
- ʻōpū - sulfate keleawe, sodium fluorosilicate, aila creosote, loaʻa kahi ʻala ʻoluʻolu ʻole;
- fumigants - sulfur dioxide, dichloroethane, mai noho lōʻihi, lele koke i waho.
Hana ʻia kahi hoʻomākaukau biocidal o ka hana paʻakikī "Zhuk". I ke kumu o ka hōʻino nui, pono e hoʻokomo i kahi antiseptic i loko o nā lua i hana ʻia e nā beetles me kahi syringe, a laila uhi iā lākou me kahi mea hoʻopili laha. Hana ʻia kēia e pale i ka lele ʻana o nā nalo hou.
Hoʻomaopopo kēlā me kēia māla ʻumeʻa e ulu ana i ka mauʻu strawberry me ka weevil strawberry (raspberry). Liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka beetle, 2-3 mm, ʻeleʻele, me kahi ʻōmole lōʻihi e kulou ana i lalo. Ke hoʻomehana ka ea i ka 10-12 ° C, ala aʻe nā nalo mai ka hibernation a hoʻomaka e ʻai i nā lau o nā hua.
Ke komo ka strawberry i ka wā ʻōpuʻu, wili ka nī wahine i lua i ka pua, e waiho i kahi hua ma laila, a laila nahu i ka peduncle. Hiki i hoʻokahi weevil wahine ke hōʻino i 50 mau pua. Ma hope o ka pua ʻana i nā strawberry, neʻe nā nalo i raspberries a hoʻomau i kā lākou hana luku.
Nui nā ala pehea e hoʻopau ai i ka nalo weevil... ʻO nā kemika, ʻo ka mea pono loa: Aktellik, Alatar, Fufanon-nova (analogue o Karbofos). Kūpilikiʻi loa kēia mau lāʻau a pau a pono e mālama ʻia i ka wā e hoʻohana ana iā lākou.
I kēia mau lā, ua ʻike ʻia kahi hoʻomākaukau o ke kumu ola o Fitoverm, a inā hoʻohana pololei ʻia (ma ka liʻiliʻi 20 ° C ka wela), hāʻawi nō hoʻi i nā hopena maikaʻi. Hoʻohana pinepine ka poʻe māla i nā lāhui i nā lāhui e hakakā i ka pest.
I ke kakahiaka nui, ua ninini ʻia nā wahi hoʻoilo o ka beetle me ka wai kohua. ʻIke i ka ʻae ʻole o ka weevil i nā ʻala ikaika, hoʻoinu lākou i nā moena me ke kālua kālua, kahi hui ʻana o nā mea kanu celandine a me nā ʻoki onion, a mālama iā lākou me kahi hopena o ka amonia.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
Manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia weevilhe pest insect loa ia. Akā ma Brazil a me Australia, hoʻohana ʻia nā wīwī e pepehi i nā nāhelehele. No laila, ma Australia, ua hoʻopakele kahi nalo nondescript iā Lake Victoria mai ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i kahi nāhelehele kolohe i kapa ʻia ʻo hyacinth wai. Lawe ʻia kahi wīwī i Rūsia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā waihona wai mai ka limu limu mauʻu, hiki i kāna mau mākua a me nā ʻohana ke luku i nā nui o kahi mea kanu wai.
Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema i ka hoʻopili ʻia o nā wāwae o ka weevil i ke kino e like me ke kumumanaʻo o ka ʻāwī a me ka nut. Ma nā wāwae he ʻano like ke ʻano o kahi pae, ʻoiai, ua wili ʻia i loko o ke kino, kahi e hāʻawi ai i nā nalo me ka maʻalahi o ka neʻe.
