ʻO ka poʻe e noho ana i nā steppe maloʻo a me nā wao nahele ua kope maikaʻi loa ʻia a paʻakikī loa e ʻike i kahi manu me nā plumage like ʻole i ke ao. Avdotka - manu lokomaikaʻi a me ka elusive. Pono ka nānā ʻana iā ia e hoʻomanawanui a me ka mākaʻi holoholona. Ke wehe nei i ke aʻo ʻana iā avdotka i kahi honua kūikawā o ka manu hulu aloha.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
I ke aʻo ʻana i nā laha, hoʻopaʻapaʻa nā ornithologists e pili ana i nā aʻa pili o ka avdotka. Manaʻo kekahi he kokoke ia i nā busters, nā poʻe ʻē aʻe - i nā waders. Heʻuʻuku ka nui o ka manu, mai kahi nūnū nui, - ma kahi o 45 cm ka lōʻihi o ke kino, 13 cm ka huelo, ʻo ka nui o ka manu he 0.5-1 kg. Oval ke kino, hoʻomaʻemaʻe, kau i nā wāwae pololei lohi.
ʻO ka mea like ʻole o ka avdotok ʻo ia nā hui kuli i haʻi ʻia, no ka mea a ka Pelekane i kapa aku ai i ka manu "kuli mānoanoa". ʻEkolu mau manamana wāwae ma nā wāwae, i pili ʻia e kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni pūnaewele lahilahi.
ʻO ka manamana wāwae e kuhikuhi ana i hope, e like me nā manu ʻē aʻe, e nalo ana. Muscular nā wāwae, ikaika, lōʻihi. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka manu ma ka holo ʻana ma ka honua, makemake i ke ola honua i ka ea. Ka lōʻihi o ke ala. 35 cm.
ʻAno like nā ʻano me nā manu bustard. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā kāne a me nā wahine, ʻokoʻa ke kala o ka plumage a me ka nui o nā manu. Hōʻike ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe i kekahi mau ʻano i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.
Loaʻa nā ʻeheu kuhi o ka avdotka i 70-80 knm, ʻo ka lōʻihi o kekahi ʻēheu he 25 knm. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ka manu iā lākou no nā lele. Inā piʻi i ka lewa, lele haʻahaʻa ia ma luna o ka honua, e hana ana i nā ʻāpana ikaika o kona mau ʻeheu, e hohola ana i kona mau wāwae i hope. I nā lele pōkole, hāmau nā manu. Akā ma ka honua hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolohe i kā lākou mau leo hoʻopiʻi.
Hinahina one ke kala o ka manu. ʻO nā hulu lele, nā hulu o ka huelo he ʻeleʻele, plumage o ka ʻaoʻao luna me nā ʻulaʻula, nā ʻāpana brown. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka ʻōpū, hina nā wāwae, melemele ka nuku me ka wēlau ʻeleʻele. ʻIke maopopo ʻia nā wahi keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻeleʻele ma kahi o nā maka. ʻO ka lole motley laulā he lawelawe maikaʻi loa i nā steppes sandy-stony, ma waena o nā pōhaku a me nā kumu lāʻau, kahi e hui ʻia ai nā kala ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo-melemele.
Kau ke poʻo nui o ka avdotka ma ka ʻāʻī lahilahi a liʻiliʻi. Hoʻolahalaha pinepine ka manu iā ia e hoʻolohe i nā kani a puni. I ka wā hoʻomaha, kūlou ʻo ia i kona ʻāʻī me ke kaula koki, e like me ka herona. Kupaianaha nā maka o ka manu - nui, poepoe, me kahi iris melemele ʻulaʻula a me kahi ʻano ʻeleʻele i waho.
ʻO ka hoʻokaʻa ʻana o nā manu he mea maʻamau ia no nā wahi mehana a me nā ʻāina pāhona. ʻO ka laulā nui e pili ana i ka hema a me ke kikowaena o ʻEulopa, ka Middle East, Australia, hapa o ʻApelika, ʻAkau a me ʻAmelika Hema. I Lūkia, hiki ke loaʻa kahi avdotka i kekahi manawa ma ka moku ʻo Volga Lalo, ma ka Don. He manu laha ʻole no ko mākou mau wahi.
Aia kahi hōʻemi laulā o nā ʻano avdotkovy. ʻO nā loli i ka hiʻona ʻāina, ʻo ka palau ʻana o nā steppe i hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka nui o ka heluna kanaka. ʻEha nā manu i nā hoʻouka a nā mea he nui hewahewa. ʻO Avdotka i ka puke ʻulaʻula i helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻano palekana. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka avdotok e pili iā lākou i nā manu like ʻole, no laila ua hoʻokau ka poʻe ornithologists iā lākou i nā ʻoka ʻokoʻa a nā manu. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻepekema ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma o kēia au.
Nā ʻano
He mea maʻamau ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻano manu he ʻumi i ka ʻohana avdotkov. Māhele nā ʻano āpau i nā ʻano maʻamau - ka nui waena, nā wāwae lōʻihi, nā nuku elongated. I ke kaʻina o Charadriiformes, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa, a, me ke ʻano o nā kiko a me nā kaha, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā manu i ke kaiapuni. Ma waho aʻe o ka avdotka maʻamau, aia:
1. ʻO Avdotka India - nā manu liʻiliʻi e noho ana ma India, Indochina. He pulu pouli loa ko ka plumage. I kekahi manawa ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka avdotka India ma ke ʻano he subspecies o ka maʻamau;
2. Senegalese Avdotka - ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka manu ma mua o ka Eurasian species, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka plumage. ʻOkoʻa ka nuku i ka lōʻihi o ka uhi ʻeleʻele a kokoke i ke kumu, kahi e waiho ai kahi kiko melemele liʻiliʻi. Noho mālie nā manu, akā i ka wā ua e neʻe lākou i nā wahi maloʻo. Makemake lākou i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻāina kokoke i nā kino wai. Alakaʻi ka Senegalese avdotka i kahi noho mehameha, mālama nā manu i nā hipa liʻiliʻi i nā lele wale nō;
3. Avdotka wai - ākea ka nohona o nā laha, e uhi ana ma mua o 5 tausani km; eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia nei ka noho ʻana o ka wai ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka e 30%. Kūkulu ka manu holoholo i nā pūnana ma kaʻaoʻao o nā crocodiles o Nile, kahi e loaʻa ai ka pale aʻe.
I ka mahalo, uwa nui ʻo ia i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i ka poʻe hoalauna e pili ana i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o nā mea ʻino. ʻO ko lākou kaiāulu ma nā ʻae one ke kumuhana a ka ʻepekema e noiʻi ai. Ua lilo ka avdotka wai i prototype o ka manu kaulana ʻo Tari mai ke katuna o ka inoa like, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā niho o ka crocodile;
4. Cape Avdotka - kahi manu nui i loko o kona ʻohana, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 70-72 cm. Noho ia ma Central a me ʻApelika Hema. Alakaʻi i ka pō a me ka nohona, āna i hoʻolaha ai me ka ʻuā leo nui e like me ka ʻūlū ʻana. Kūleʻa wale ia ke kokoke kokoke iā ia, neʻe nui ia i ka holo ʻana ma ka honua. ʻO kekahi manawa hoʻolele nā hipa i ka napoo ʻana o ka lā e ʻimi i ka wai;
5. Dominican (ʻelua-ʻaoʻao) avdotka - kaulana ke kala o ka plumage no nā ʻāpana pouli a me nā mālamalama e hele ana ma luna o ke poʻo o ka manu;
6. Peruvian avdotka - kahi manu waena, like me ke akahele e like me kona mau hoahānau i ko lākou wahi maoli. ʻAʻole hiki i kēlā me kēia manu manu ke ʻike i waena o ka mauʻu maloʻo a me nā pōhaku i kahi mea hulu i noho ma nā wāwae kiʻekiʻe;
7. Avdotka Nūhōlani - nui i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā manu e pili ana, 55-59 cm ka lōʻihi o ke kino, ka huelo 17-19 knm. ʻokoʻa nā mea noho o Australia i ʻelua kala: ma ka ʻākau o ka ʻāina nui ka manu ʻulaʻula, ma ke komohana a me nā panalāʻau hikina - hina. Mai nā maka a i ke kua i kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele, mai kahi mamao e like me ka beret ma ke poʻo o kahi manu. Mālama nā manu i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi ma kahi kokoke i nā mānoanoa o ka acacias, nā lāʻau eucalyptus, makemake lākou i nā kula maloʻo;
8. Reef avdotka - kahi kamaʻāina o nā wai pāpaʻu ma nā kahakai tropical, nā pali kūhako. ʻO ka maʻamau loa ia i nā mangrove. Kū kahi ʻeleʻele i ka nuku a i hope o ke poʻo. Ma ka ʻāʻī he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me kahi kiko beige. ʻO ka huelo a me nā peʻa ʻēheu e eleeleʻeleʻele.
E hāʻule ka hulu keʻokeʻo. Noho i nā kapakai o Australia, ka Pilipino, a me nā mokupuni ʻo Indonesia. He nuku ikaika ko nā manu e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻano e pili ana, kahi maʻalahi maʻalahi, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻeleʻele a me keʻokeʻo poʻo poʻo. Kuhi ʻia ʻo Reef avdotok i kahi genus ʻokoʻa e pili ana i kā lākou ʻano kala ʻokoʻa.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Uhi ka laulā o nā manu i nā ʻāina nui, nā ʻāina moku he nui. I ka hapa nui o nā panalāʻau, ola ʻo ia i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, ke alakaʻi nei i kahi ola sedentary. I kekahi manawa e holoholo i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai, nā wahi noho maikaʻi, ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi atypical no ia i kekahi kau. No laila, ma Rūsia, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka avdotka ma ka lele i ka Teritori Stavropol, Rostov Region.
ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Avdotkas i ke anuanu, mālama lākou i ka pūnana ma nā wahi kahi hiki ʻole iā lākou ke lele no ka hoʻoilo. Akā ʻo ka ʻimi no ka puʻuhonua a me ka meaʻai e koi i nā manu e hoʻomaʻa i nā wahi anilā like ʻole. ʻO kekahi manu e pūnana ma ka ʻāina ʻo Eurasia, a me nā hoʻoilo ma kahakai o ke Kaiʻula, ma Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Mali.
Manu Ola ʻo Avdotka i nā steppes maloʻo, nā wao akua, nā sabana, ma ke kai a me nā kahawai, nā pali pōhaku. ʻO kahi no ka holo ʻana, lako meaʻai a me ke kū ʻana o kahi waihona wai kokoke i nā kūlana kūpono no kona noho ʻana.
Hōʻike ʻia ka hana o avdotok me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke ahiahi, ke haʻalele lākou i nā wahi mehameha, kahi a lākou e hoʻomaha ai i ka lā, e nānā ana i nā mea e hana nei a puni. ʻIke kekahi mau huakaʻi mākaʻikaʻi i kekahi manawa i nā manu kū mehameha i ka lā, ke hoʻomoe ma lalo o ka malu o kahi laʻalāʻau.
He manu maʻalahi loa ʻo Avdotki, me ka lohe maikaʻi a me ka ʻike. I ka hihia o ka weliweli, holo lākou. Hoʻomaopopo ka walaʻau ʻana i nā ʻohana e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻānō. Inā kokoke loa kahi kanaka a holoholona paha, haʻalele lākou i ka holo.
Hōʻike lākou i ke akahele i ka wā mamao o ka mea ʻaka - paʻa lākou i kahi wahi i ka mauʻu, ʻike ʻole ʻia mai ke kaiapuni, no laila he aha ke ʻano o ka avdotka i kahi mamao e like me ka pōhaku a i ʻole ka pūpū mauʻu maloʻo.
Alakaʻi nui lākou i kahi ola mehameha, hui lākou i nā pālua wale nō i ka wā o ka pūnana. Hōʻuluʻulu nā hipa liʻiliʻi no ka hoʻoinu ʻana i nā wā lele. E launa maikaʻi ʻo Avdotki me nā manu ʻē aʻe, noho pū. ʻAno aloha lākou me nā poʻe, kū kokoke i nā wahi like ʻole, akā mai hoʻokokoke mai ka akahele.
ʻAiʻai Pono
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka papaʻai o Avdotok i ka meaʻai holoholona. Hele ka manu i ka hopu holoholona i ke ahiahi, ke hiki mai ka manawa no ka maha no nā manu ʻē aʻe he nui, a haʻalele nā invertebrates i ko lākou mau hale. Mālama nā maka, ʻoluʻolu ke lohe i ka kōkua e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake no ka avdotki i nā ʻelala, nahenahe, nā rana, nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi, nā molluscs, nā amphibians. ʻAi nā manu Carnivorous i nā moʻo liʻiliʻi, nāhesa, nā manu liʻiliʻi, nā hua manu mai ko lākou pūnana. ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi ʻokoʻa nā ʻūhini, nā ʻalekeke, nā slug, nā beetles, nā earwigs, nā ʻenuhe a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ʻeli ʻia mai ka honua.
I ka wā o ka hahai holoholona, hōʻike ʻo ia i ka maʻalea - walaʻau nui i mea e hōʻike ai ka mea pio i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Hiki i nā manu ke hoʻokuke i kā lākou poʻe i loaʻa i nā pahele. Pā i nā rodents e holo ana, nā iole, nā hamster me ka nuku ikaika, a laila pā i ka honua, nā pōhaku i nā manawa he nui e wili iwi.
ʻAʻole ia e ʻoki i nā kupapaʻu, akā e ale holoʻokoʻa. I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka digestion, moni ʻo ia i nā ʻiliʻili liʻiliʻi, one ʻili. I loko o ka wā lūlū, alualu nā manu ʻaʻole wale i ke ahiahi, akā i ke ao. Hopu nā manu i ka mea e heʻe ana, kōkua iā lākou iho e holomua me ko lākou mau ʻēheu, hopu i ka poʻe i loaʻa me ka nuku ʻoi.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Ua makua kāne nā manu mai ka makahiki o ʻekolu, a hiki i kēlā manawa ʻaʻole lākou e ʻimi nei i nā hoa. ʻO nā manu Monogamous, ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi ʻohana, hōʻea pinepine i nā pūnaewele pūnana i nā hui paʻa. Akā aia kekahi manawa o ka noho aloha a ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana, mai ka hoʻomaka o Malaki, i ʻApelila.
Hoʻolaha nā kāne i ko lākou helehelena me ka uē melodic nui. Ke ʻike lākou i ka hoihoi o nā wahine, hoʻomaka nā hula hula e lanakila ka puʻuwai o ka hoa. Hoʻopili kēlā me kēia kāne i kona mau ʻeheu i mua o kāna mea i wae ʻia, nā kakaka, ʻeli i ka lepo, hoe i kona nuku i ke one.
ʻO Avdotki, kahi mehameha i ke ola maʻamau, i ka wā o ka hānau ʻana e hui pū i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o nā manu kekeke he nui. ʻO kahi hana maʻamau o nā hulahula me nā ʻeheu i hohola ʻia a me nā mele nui e hana ʻia ma nā kahe.
Koho nā kāne aʻo i wahi no ka pūnana, pale i ka ʻāina mai nā malihini. ʻO ke kūlana pale o nā manu ke hāpai i ko lākou huelo, hoʻolōʻihi i ko lākou ʻāʻī i ka honua, a he ʻiʻo i kāna.
ʻO ka pūnana ponoʻī, e like me ia, ʻaʻole. Hana nā manu i kahi kaumaha i ka honua, uhi iā ia me nā pōhaku, uhi iā ia me nā lau, nā mea kanu, nā lālā lahilahi o loko. ʻO kahi i koho ʻia no ka pūnana ma nā wahi ākea, mai kahi e ʻike ai ʻoe i ka ʻenemi i ka manawa. Hoʻi lākou i ka pūnaewele i wae ʻia mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki no ka pūnana ma hope.
I loko o kahi lālau aia ma kahi mau he 2-3 mau hua, beige i ke kala me kahi kiko pouli, ka nui o ka moa. Hoʻokomo nā mākua ʻelua i ka incubation no hoʻokahi mahina a me ka mālama hope o nā keiki. Mālama kēlā me kēia hoa i ka meaʻai, lawe i ka meaʻai i ka mea e hana ma ka pūnana.
Pale ke kāne i ka wahine ma ka pūnana - nānā i ka ʻāina, hāʻawi i nā hōʻailona weliweli. Inā hopu ʻia ka wahine ma ia wahi, pūnana ʻo ia, kūlia me ka ʻoni ʻole. I kekahi manawa hoʻāʻo ka mau e lawe i ka mea ʻaihue me ka ʻuwā ʻana, e kī ana i ko lākou mau ʻeheu, e hoʻohinaʻi ana i ka paʻa.
ʻIke ʻia nā chicks. Hoʻopiʻi ka wahine i ka pūpū i kekahi manawa, a pahu aku iā ia i kahi ʻaoʻao. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, hiki i nā ʻāpana, uhi ʻole ʻia me ka fluff, hiki ke hele wāwae, hāhai i ko lākou mau mākua, a hoʻi ʻole i ka pūnana.
Aʻo ka wahine i nā moa e kiʻi i ka meaʻai - hoʻolei i kahi nalo me kona nuku, hopu iā ia, kono i nā ʻāpana e hana hou i ka mea like ma hope o kāna mau manawa a hiki i ka wā e aʻo ai lākou e hana iā lākou iho. I ka weliweli, huli ʻo ia i ka lawe ʻana i nā moa i kona nuku a halihali iā lākou i kahi mamao aku. I hoʻokahi mahina ma hope mai, uhi ʻia nā pēpē me ka plumage, hoʻomaka lākou e lele.
I ka makahiki 6 mau makahiki ua kūʻokoʻa lākou. Hiki ke ola o nā manu i 16 mau makahiki. Ke mālama nei nā ʻoihana palekana i ka palekana o nā ʻano avdotkovy, i ʻike ai nā hanauna e hiki mai ana ʻaʻole wale ke ʻano o kona ʻano avdotka i ke kiʻi, akā ma vivo nō hoʻi.
