Lāholo (Platichthys stellatus) kahi iʻa hoihoi a ʻano ʻē. Pili ia i ka mahele flounder a me ka ʻohana ray-finned. No ka poʻe o kēia ao, ʻike ʻia ia he iʻa i makemake nui ʻia a pipiʻi hoʻi, a ʻono hoʻi. ʻAʻole nani paha kona helehelena, akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoliʻiliʻi iki ʻia i waena o nā lawaiʻa a me nā gourmets ʻoiaʻiʻo.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui o kēia iʻa, kahi e hiki ai i kahi lawaiʻa ʻike ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai ke koena, nā maka. Aia lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ke kino. ʻO ia ke kumu i loaʻa ai ka inoa "flounder sided". Akā, ʻoiai kēia, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi kanaka kahi e waiho ai nā maka ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke kino a kaulike paha. Kākaʻikahi loa kēia.
No nā lawaiʻa ʻike, a ʻoi aku no nā poʻe maʻamau, lana ka iʻa i ke kiʻi nani ʻole ke nānā aku. Paipai mākou e nānā pono i nā hiʻohiʻona kūwaho kūwaho o kēia mea kai.
- Nā palapū pelvic. Kupanaha lākou a simetretrical a hiʻohiʻona i kahi kumu haʻahaʻa. Kōkua kēia i ka iʻa i loko o ka invulnerable, wikiwiki, a agile.
- Kino pālahalaha. Mahalo i kēia hiʻona, hiki i ka iʻa ke hūnā maʻalahi ma lalo o kahi pōhaku a i ʻole e hūnā iā ia iho, e hoʻohui me ka kai a i ʻole ka pōhaku.
- He lōʻihi nā Hind a me nā dorsal fins i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā poʻe kai ʻē aʻe. ʻAe iā ʻoe e neʻe wikiwiki.
- ʻO kahi poʻo i kūlike ʻole i nā kumumanaʻo o ka symmetry. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, asymmetry piha.
- ʻ mouthlapa waha a me nā niho ʻoi ʻiʻo. Kōkua e lālau i ka mea i make ke ʻau mai ka ʻaoʻao.
- ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kino ʻaʻohe ona maka (maʻamau ka hema) i kapa ʻia ʻo "blind blind". Ma laila e paʻakikī ai ka ʻili, paʻakikī, ʻeleʻele a kūpaʻa loa. He mea paʻakikī kēia no ka ʻenemi e hoʻouka i ka flounder mai kona wahi makapō.
- Laina ʻaoʻao e holo ana ma waena o nā maka, e hoʻokaʻawale ana iā lākou. ʻAe i nā maka e kūʻokoʻa i kekahi i kekahi a me ka hana ʻokoʻa.
- Pākuʻi maka, maka hoʻopāpā. Hiki iā lākou ke nānā i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa i ka manawa like, e ʻae ai iā ʻoe e makaʻala mau.
- Huelo pokole. Kōkua me ka neʻe wikiwiki.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua manu no kēia kamaʻāina kai he ʻokoʻa iki hoʻi ia mai ke koena. ʻAʻohe o nā droplets momona o Caviar, kahi i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e hāʻawi i ka palekana no ka palai hou ʻana.
ʻAʻole moe nā hua i hoʻokahi wahi, hiki ke lana. Nānā ʻole i nā laha, waiho ka flounder i mau hua ma lalo, a i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻomohala, hiki iā ia ke neʻe i nā wahi ʻē aʻe a i ʻole ʻauʻau i ka papa.
Nā ʻano
Flounder - iʻa, ka mea, me ka nānā ʻole i kāna mau ʻāpana, ola mau i ka lalo. Loaʻa i kāna mau ʻano āpau kahi mea like - kahi kino pālahalaha, kahi e kōkua ai e neʻe me ka mālie ma lalo loa, kahi e kōkua ai i kēlā me kēia manawa e hūnā mai nā ʻenemi mai.
Holo nā ʻano iʻa ua mahele ʻia i ʻelua: muliwai a me ke kai. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēlā me kēia o lākou i mau ʻano. Pili kēia mahele i ka nohona, a me kekahi ʻano physiological.
Iʻa muliwai Flounder - noho i nā wai wai hou, nā kahawai, nā loko. ʻAʻole ʻae iā ia i ka wai kai paʻakai ma muli o ka ʻili koʻikoʻi. ʻEkolu mau ʻāpana:
- Lana polar... Hiki i kahi laha ke aloha i ka wai anuanu ke kū i nā mahana haʻahaʻa, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomanawanui i nā mahana ma luna o ka zero kekelē Celsius. ʻOkoʻa i kahi oval kino oval kino, a me ke kala. ʻO kaʻeleʻele o ke kino nui he brown, i kekahi manawa me nā pāʻulaʻula a keʻokeʻo paha. ʻO nā peʻa he brick-color a ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula paha.
- Holo ka hōkū... ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui kahi o nā maka ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke kino. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, kākaʻikahi loa kēia. ʻElua wale nō o nā ʻano ʻehiku o kēia iʻa i hoʻonohonoho like. Hiki ke ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kala i ka uliuli, i ka momona a i ʻole nā brown, e like me ka polar.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona nui o nā subspecies ʻo nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ma ke kua a me nā ʻaoʻao āpau. Ua loaʻa ka inoa o ka iʻa no nā kui i ke ʻano o nā hōkū liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke kino. ʻO ka nui o ka nui he 50-60 cm ka lōʻihi a me ke kaumaha o ke kino a i 5 kg.
- Kalkani ʻeleʻele... He ʻano laha ʻole i helu ʻia i loko o ka puke Red. He hoʻonohonoho maka ʻaoʻao hema kona, he kino poepoe. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu nui a brown me nā ʻōlani ʻoliva huali. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui ke kū ʻana o kahi nui o nā spine ʻoiʻoi, i hoʻopuehu ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa o ke kino, a ʻoi loa hoʻi i ka "blind point". I ka lōʻihi, hiki i kahi iʻa mākua a 100 cm, a kaupaona ma ka liʻiliʻi 20 kg.
Iʻa kai Flounder - noho maikaʻi i ka wai paʻakai o ka moana. ʻOkoʻa ia mai nā ʻano muliwai i ka nui, ke ʻano o ke kino, ke kala a me ka lōʻihi o nā peʻa. ʻEhā mau ʻāpana o ia:
- Pohaku Yellowfin... ʻO nā ʻano anuanu ke aloha, ʻaʻole wale i ka wai, akā ke ʻano nō hoʻi o ke ola. Huli ia i ke koko anuanu no nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe o ke kai hohonu. Differs i ke kino a puni ke kino, nā wili ʻoi a me nā unahi a puni ke kino. ʻO kaʻeleʻele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, kokoke i ke kala momona, me nā peʻa gula ʻōlinolino. Hiki i kahi iʻa makua i 50 knm ka lōʻihi, a ʻo kona kaona ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 kg.
- Mea maʻamau kai. ʻO kēia ka laha nui loa o kēia iʻa, he ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i ke kala me nā ʻalani a me nā ʻulaʻula blotches. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o kēia laha kahi mimicry hoʻomohala ʻia (hiki ke hoʻowalewale). I kona hiki ke hūnā, ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa ka flounder i ka chameleon. Hiki i kahi iʻa makua i hoʻokahi mika i ke kiʻekiʻe a 7 kg i ke kaupaona.
- ʻĀkau a me Hema ʻōhumu keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo... ʻ speakslelo ka inoa nona iho. He peʻa keʻokeʻo pelvic ko ka iʻa, kahi malu o ka ʻāpana makapō. A ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ke kino, kahi e kau ai nā maka, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻeleʻele paha. Noho pinepine ia ma lalo, ʻaʻole e piʻi i luna o hoʻokahi mika ma luna o ka honua. Piʻi kahi iʻa mākua a 50 cm. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kaumaha, mai 4 a 12 kg.
- Halibut. ʻO ka mea paʻakikī a paʻakikī loa e ʻike i nā laha. Māhele ʻia i ʻelima mau ʻano, ʻokoʻa ke kaupaona a me ka nui o ke kino. Kaupaona ka iʻa nui he 450 kilokilo me ke kino o 5 m. ʻO ka mea i koho ʻia he arrowtooth halibut. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku kona kaumaha ma mua o 8 kg me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 80 cm.
Hoʻohui ʻia, aia kekahi ʻano me ka inoa hui - kēia “Flounder Hikina Hema". Hoʻopili kēia i nā ʻano aʻe: yellowfin, keʻokeʻo hema-bellied, stellate, a me halibut, longnose, proboscis a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Koho kēia kamaʻāina kai i kahi nohona noho kaʻawale ka hapanui. Makemake ʻo ia e hoʻolilo i kona manawa leʻaleʻa e hoʻomaha ai i ka moana kai. Hiki iā ia ke moe wale i luna, a kanu iā ia iho i ke one a hiki i kona mau maka e nānā i ke kūlana. Kākaʻikahi loa ke ʻike i ka piʻi ʻana o ka flounder ma mua o hoʻokahi mika mai ka moana.
No ka iʻa ia - kahi kumu o ke ola, kahi home a me kahi ala e pakele ai mai nā mea hōkai. Mahalo i ka mimicry (ka hiki ke hūnā koke ma lalo o ke kaiapuni, ka hapanui ma lalo o nā pōhaku a me ka lalo), hiki iā ia ke lele kaua ʻole i kāna mau mea i hōʻeha a hūnā koke paha mai nā ʻenemi.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona nui ka lohi i ʻike ʻia. Me he mea lā no ke kino kaulike a me ke kino maʻamau ʻole no kahi iʻa maʻamau, ʻau mālie loa ka flounder. ʻ claimlelo nā lawaiʻa ʻike ʻole he maʻalahi ka hopu ʻana i kēia mea wai. A ʻo kāna ʻano o ka pakele wale nō ka huna. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole.
Ke palekana ka ʻōpae, ʻauʻau mālie ia, ke manaʻo nei e lawe wale ʻia e ke au. ʻO kāna neʻe ʻana e like me nā neʻe like ʻana o ka nalu, a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o 10 mika i kēlā me kēia hola.
Akā inā loaʻa ka iʻa i ka iʻa ma hope, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomohala i kahi wikiwiki loa. Me kona huelo pōkole, nā pelcic pelvic symmetrical, a me nā dorsal elongated a me nā peʻa hope, hiki iā ia ke hūnā maʻalahi mai ka poʻe alualu.
I nā hanana pilikia, hiki i ka flounder ke hana maʻalahi i kahi dash no mau mika i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ʻoiai e waiho ana ma hope o kahi jet wai ikaika e kuhikuhi ʻia i lalo. Loaʻa kēia i ka operculum i ke ʻano o ka iʻa.
Aia ia ma kahi makapō o ke kino. E hoʻonāukiuki kahi jet ikaika i ka lalo, kahi e hoʻokahuli ai i kahi predator a disorient paha i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia. No laila, hoʻohana ʻia kēia hana i mea e hoʻouka aku ai i nā mea pio flounder a i ʻole e pakele ai mai kahi iʻa kai ʻoi aku ka nui a weliweli hoʻi.
Noho wale ʻo Flounder i loko o nā wai o ka Moana Pākīpika. Noho nā ʻano muliwai i ka lalo o nā kahawai anuanu, nā kahakai. E hui paha ma nā kahawai ʻo Dnieper, Bug, Dniester. Loaʻa ke ola kai kai ma ke kai ʻEleʻele, Kepanī, Baletika, Bering, a me ke Kaiwaenahonua.
I ke kai o Azov, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi kēia ʻano iʻa. Ma waena o ke Kai ʻEleʻele a me Azov aia ka waha o ka muliwai Don, kahi e hauʻoli ai nā ʻano wai piha a me nā kai o ka flounder.
ʻOiai ka pae paʻakai maikaʻi, he kākaʻikahi loa ka loaʻa ʻana o lākou ma laila. Hopu pinepine nā poachers o kēia manawa i kēia iʻa no nā ʻoihana ʻenehana a i ʻole no ke kūʻai aku. He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo i kēlā ʻano hana e ʻae iā lākou e loaʻa kālā maikaʻi.
ʻO ka polar a me ka akau keʻokeʻo-bele flounder, kahi e makemake ai i ka wai anuanu, noho wale i ke kai Kara, Okhotsk, Bering a me White. He mea liʻiliʻi loa ia e loaʻa iā ia i nā kahawai ʻo Ob, Kara, Tugur a me Yenisei. Aloha nā iʻa i nā lepo momona a palupalu, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hūnā maʻalahi, ʻo ia ka mea a kēia mau muliwai.
ʻO ka ʻauhau melemele ka iʻa pālahalaha maʻamau mai ʻohana flounder noho i nā wai me ke kiʻekiʻe a me nā pae paʻakai kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻauʻau ʻo ia i kahi hohonu o ʻekolu haneli mau mika.
Kaulana nui kēia mau iʻa i ka ʻoihana. Noho lākou i ka White, Baltic, Mediterranean a me nā wai ʻē aʻe o ka ʻAkelanika. ʻO ka flounder keʻokeʻo hema keʻokeʻo i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ke kahakai kahakai o Iapana a me nā ʻulaʻula.
ʻAiʻai Pono
ʻAi kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ka flounder i nā manawa like ʻole o ka lā. ʻO kekahi ma ke ao, ʻo kekahi i ka pō. Aia ia i ka wahi a me ka nohona i makemake ʻia. ʻO ke kumu, hānai kēia mau lunamaka o nā holoholona i nā meaʻai o nā holoholona, akā inā ʻaʻohe mea i hopu ʻia, e ʻai hauʻoli lākou i nā mea kanu.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka papa o ka flounder kaukaʻi ʻia i kona makahiki. ʻO kahi laʻana, hānai nā kāne ʻōpio i ka caviar o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, nā crustacea liʻiliʻi, amphipods, benthos, ilo, larvae, a me nā iʻa aquatic.
Makemake nā poʻe kahiko i ka pōmaikaʻi mai ka iʻa a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā ilo a me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana echinoderm, nā holoholona liʻiliʻi mai ka ʻohana o invertebrates, ophiura, crustaceans. ʻO nā mea aloha punahele loa no ka flounder ka shrimp, a me capelin.
Ma muli o kahi maʻamau o ke poʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kau ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao i ke kino, hiki i ka iʻa ke ʻūlū mālie i nā mollusks liʻiliʻi a me nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe o ka hohonu o ka wai mai lalo.
Kōkua pū nā niho ʻoi iā ia e huki iā lākou i waho. He mau ā ikaika nā o ka flounder. Hiki iā ia ke pepehi maʻalahi i nā pūpū o nā pāpaʻi a i ʻole nā pūpū o nā ʻōhiʻa, nā pāpaʻi a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. No ka hana maʻamau o kēia ʻano iʻa, pono ka papa ʻōnaehana o nā meaʻai protein kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Flounder, ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono, hiki ke ola ma mua o kanakolu mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, i ke ola maoli, pilikia pinepine ʻo ia. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ka hoʻoweliweli inā koi pinepine ʻia ka iʻa e ʻauʻau aku mai ko lākou mau ʻenemi a i ʻole ʻeha i ka meaʻai ʻole ʻōnaehana. No laila, make ʻo ia ma mua loa, a hiki i kekahi mau kānaka ke ola a 25-30 mau makahiki. ʻO kahi kumu maʻamau o ko lākou make ʻana he lawaiʻa ʻia e nā poʻe.
No ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wahine mai ka flounder kāne, ua lawa ia e hoʻohālikelike i ko lākou nui. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hope i ka lōʻihi a me ke kaumaha, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mamao ma waena o nā maka a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā ʻaoʻao a me nā pelvic. ʻO ke kinona o kā lākou kino keu he rhombus a i ʻole oval. I nā wahine, pōʻai puni mau ia.
ʻO ka wā hānau no kēlā me kēia ʻauhau (pāpaʻu, i kēia hihia flounder) kahi hana pilikino. Aia ia i nā kumu he nui, ka hapanui o ke kaiapuni.
ʻO ia hoʻi: ka nohona, ka wā o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, ke aniau, kahi loli nui o ka mahana, hoʻomehana i ka wai i ka mahana kūpono no nā hua manu, ke kū ʻana o nā wahine ma kahi kokoke, ke kū ʻana o ka meaʻai maikaʻi no ka hana e hana manuʻi ʻana, a pēlā aku.
Akā inā mākou e lawe i nā helu helu maʻamau, a laila manaʻo ʻia ka manawa kokoke no ka waiho ʻana i nā hua no ka flounder mai nā makahiki he 10 o Dekemaba a Mei. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole maikaʻi kēia wā no nā laha āpau. Aia kekahi hoʻokoe. ʻO kēia, no ka laʻana, ka ʻike Turbot a me ka Rhombus Nui. No lākou, ʻo ka wā hānau maikaʻi loa mai ka waena o Iulai a i ka hopena o ʻAukake.
Hele nā ʻano kai o ka ʻohana fin ray i ka Moana Baletika, Iapana, ʻEleʻele a me ke Kai ʻĀkau no ka hānau ʻana. No kahi ʻano polar, ʻo ka wā ʻoi loa ka maikaʻi mai Ianuali a Pepeluali ma lalo o ka wai i uhi ʻia i ka hau o nā Kai Kara a me Barents.
E hoʻomaka i ke kaʻina hana kope, pono mua ʻoe i ka wā ʻōpio. Mākaukau nā kāne o kēia ʻohana no ka hānau keiki ʻana mai ka makahiki ʻekolu a ʻehiku o ko lākou ola. Aia ia i ka laha a me ka nohona. ʻOi aku ka wahine i ka wā ʻōpio.
Momona loa lākou. I hoʻokahi hanana hānau, hiki i kahi wahine ke haʻalele mai 0.5 a 2 miliona mau hua. Ke noʻonoʻo nei hiki iā lākou ke ʻauʻau iā lākou iho, nā hua o ka ʻohana flounder hiki ke loaʻa ma nā wahi āpau o ka honua. Ma muli o kēia, ʻaʻole ola ka hapa nui o lākou, ʻoiai e pau paha ka caviar o nā iʻa kai i kahi kai piha.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Kupanaha, akā ʻo ka ʻenemi nui no ka flounder ke kāne. I kēlā me kēia lā a puni ka honua, hopu nā lawaiʻa i kahi o ke iʻa o kēia iʻa. Akā ʻokoʻa nā kānaka, ma lalo o ke kai, hiki i ka flounder ke makaʻu i nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka holoholona, ʻo ka puhi a me ka halibut.
Me ka mea mua, maopopo ka mea āpau, akā ʻo ka lua e alakaʻi hewa ana i nā mea he nui. Māhele nā ʻepekema. Manaʻo kekahi he ʻōiwi ʻōiwi o flounder a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻenemi i kekahi ʻano. Manaʻo nā poʻe ʻē aʻe iā ia iʻa like flounder... ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ia he subspecies o ia, no laila hiki ke hoʻokūkū kekahi i kekahi.
I kēlā me kēia makahiki he nui a ʻemi paha nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana flounder. ʻOiai ka momona momona o nā wahine, ʻoi aku i ka hapa o kā lākou mau hua i ola ʻole. Lawe ʻia kēia iʻa i nā tona i kēlā me kēia lā, a eia kēia mea e ʻimi ʻia ai e nā ʻelele o ka honua holoholona.
Noho a hoʻoponopono ʻole ʻia kēia pilikia. Eia kekahi, no ka hopena o ke kanaka i ke kūlohelohe, haumia nā kai a me nā kahawai he nui no ka make ʻana o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi - meaʻai no ka flounder. Hoʻoemi kēia i ke alapine o kāna hana hou. Inā hoʻomau hou kēia, e emi nui ka heluna lehulehu.
