Puʻupuʻu butterfly kāpeti - he pepeke ʻike maʻamau a hoʻomaopopo ʻia. Ke ala aʻe nei i waena o ka mea mua i ka wā puna, me he mea lā he mea hoʻonani a mālama ʻole ia. Eia nō naʻe, nā māla a me nā mahiʻai e hauʻoli maʻamau i ke ala ʻana o nā mea kolo, ʻaʻole hoʻohauʻoli kēia butterfly nani a lahilahi hoʻi.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia me kekahi o nā mea ʻino weliweli loa, a ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou me ko lākou ikaika āpau e kāpae iā ia. He aha kēia kolo? No ke aha mai ua kapa ʻia ka butter cabbage? A ma hea kahi i loaʻa ai iā ia kahi kūlana ʻino.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
No kēia ʻohana Lepidoptera he ʻohana nui o nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, kahi e komo pū ana me 1146 mau ʻano, 91 moʻomeheu. ʻO kona inoa ʻepekema piha he keʻokeʻo kāpelu (lat.Pieris brassicae). Hoʻololi ka nui o nā mākua mai 2.5 a 3.3 cm. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ka ʻēheu o ka mua mai 5.1 a 6.3 cm, o ka hope mai 4.9 a 6.2 cm
ʻO ke kala nui o ka pepe keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ka kirimalu. ʻO nā kihi o waho o nā ʻeheu he kihiʻeleʻele. Loaʻa i nā wahine i hoʻokahi kiko ʻeleʻele ma kēlā me kēia ʻēheu luna. ʻO kaʻaoʻao i loko o nā'ēheu he'ōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo. No laila, ʻaʻole paha e ʻike ʻia kahi pepeke e waiho ana ma luna o kahi mea kanu.
ʻAneʻane ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ke kāpeti, nona ke poʻo, ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū, ua uhi ʻia me nā lauoho maikaʻi loa. Ke pae ka pepe i kahi pua, kau nā ʻāpana polina i kēia mau lauoho. No laila, hāʻawi ke kāpeti kāpeti i ka pollination o nā mea kanu.
ʻAi kahi pepeke makua i ka proboscis. Hoʻololi pinepine ʻia i wili. Hoʻopololei wale ka pepelu ke makemake ia e loaʻa i ka nectar mai ka pua. Hōʻike ʻia nā lālā o ka hihiʻo o kahi butterfly e kekahi mau maka a puni a ʻoi aku ka nui. Aia nā mea hoʻokipa tactile a me nā olfactory ma nā kihi o ka antennae lōʻihi.
Aia nā māiʻuʻu ʻelua ma kēlā me kēia ʻeono wāwae o ka pepe. Me kā lākou kōkua, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ʻili. I ka manawa like, hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia ka pā mua o nā paws i ke kāpena i hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana iā lākou ke hele wāwae. Holo ka pīpī keʻokeʻo kāpeti i nā lele a me nā palena. He pale kēia mai nā manu, no ka mea paʻakikī loa i ka hope ke hopu i kahi pepelu e neʻe ana i nā jerks i ka lele.
Hoʻohana pū ka butterfly i kona kala ma ke ʻano he mea pale a hoʻoweliweli aku i nā ʻenemi kūpono. ʻAʻole wale nā pepelu makua, akā ʻo kā lākou larvae a me nā pupae he "camouflage" aposematic. Hoʻohui ʻia, ma muli o nā kikoʻī o ka meaʻai, hoʻopuka nā ʻenuhe cabbage i kahi ʻala ʻoluʻolu ʻole (i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā aila mākeke i piha nā pūpū sulfur), kahi mea e makaʻu ai ka hapanui o nā manu.
Nā ʻano
Ke ʻike nei i kahi pepe keʻokeʻo i loko o ka māla a i kahi moena pua, ʻike koke ʻia ia me he kāpeti. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia ka manawa mau - butterfly kāpeti he mau "pālua" ia mai ka ʻohana like, a huikau pinepine kekahi me kekahi.
ʻO ka hapanui o nā mea āpau, like kona "ʻohana" me ka whitewash cabbage. He ʻeleʻele hoʻi nā ʻēheu keʻokeʻo o kāna (ʻekahi kāne ma ka ʻeheu, he ʻelua ko ka wahine), a ʻeleʻele ke kihi o kona ʻēheu luna. I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka turnip - ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kona kino ma mua o 2 - 2.6 cm, a ʻo ka wing wing he 4-5 cm.
Ma waho, he like ia me ka kāpeti a me ka rutabella. ʻO kahi kūlike kūikawā me nā keʻokeʻo kāpeti i nā rutabags kāne, ʻo nā kihi o nā ʻēheu luna hoʻi e pena ʻeleʻele ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i haʻi iki ʻia kā lākou ʻaoʻao (hiki ke ʻeleʻele, hina), a ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa o nā kiko. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻēheu lalo o kēia butterfly he ʻano melemele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole melemele. ʻO ka ʻēheu o nā kāne he 3.5 - 4 cm, i nā wahine - 1.8 - 2.6 cm.
ʻO kekahi pepeke i kapa ʻia ke kāpeti, ka hawthorn. Hoʻohālikelike kona ʻano i nā ana o ka cabeback whitebird (ʻēheu 5 - 6.5 cm), akā ʻaʻohe mau kiko ʻeleʻele ma kona mau ʻeheu - keʻokeʻo me nā ʻeleʻele lahilahi.
Hiki ke huikau ʻia ke kāpeti me nā ʻano keʻo keʻokeʻo. He ʻāpana uli hoʻi kā ka hope ma nā ʻēheu luna. Eia nō naʻe, māmā nā kihi o nā ʻeheu. ʻO kēia peʻe, ʻo ka pinepine, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā kula ākea a me nā mauʻu. I ka māla, ʻokoʻa i kā lākou "counterparts", ʻaʻole lākou he mau malihini kipa pinepine. I kēia lā, manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻano keʻokeʻo kekahi o nā mea kakaikahi loa, a no ia mea ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi o ka makaʻu ma mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Maʻamau ola ka pīpī kāpī ma nā mahinaʻai a me nā kula. Eia naʻe, ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu iki ma nā palena o ka ululāʻau, nā alanui, nā māla, nā pāka a me nā wahi noho - kahi e loaʻa ai nā kumu mana kūpono.
Ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke piʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 20 mau mika, a hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 20 km / h i ka lele ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka neʻe ʻana ma waena o nā māla wale nō, akā huakaʻi pū kekahi mai kekahi ʻāina i kekahi ʻāina a lele hoʻi i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
I ka wā mua, ua noho keokeo kāpeti ma Western a me Central Asia, akā ua ulu nui ka nohona o kēia mau mea kolo. I kēia lā hiki ke loaʻa lākou ma nā wahi āpau o ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ʻEulopa (a i 62 ° N lat.), Ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau, Asia Hikina, ma nā Urala, ka hema o Siberia, ma ka hema o Primorye a ma Sakhalin hoʻi.
Ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka globalisation, i ka waenakonu o ka makahiki 1800, ua ʻike ʻia nā mea kanu cabbage mua ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. I ka manawa mua, ua "haku" nā butterflies i ka panalāʻau o Kanada (ʻike mua ʻia lākou ma aneʻi i 1860), a laila neʻe lākou i USA. I ka makahiki 1893, ua hiki ke loaʻa kēia ʻano pepelu ma Hawaii.
ʻO ka ʻāina aʻe a lākou i koho ai ʻo New Zealand (1930). I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā wahi āpau o ka moku o ka ʻāina ʻAulalani. Ua hele mai nā mea hōʻino i ʻAmelika Hema i ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia 20. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma Chile ua "kamaʻāina" lākou i nā makahiki 1970.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma nā ʻāina he nui ua ʻano maikaʻi nā kūlana no ka hana hou ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā keʻokeʻo kāpeti i piʻi nui ka nui o kā lākou helu. A ʻo ka ʻino mai nā pepelu i loaʻa nā ʻāpana kolosal.
ʻO kēia mau butterflies he diurnal wale nō ia, e hiamoe ana i nā ʻāpana o nā paia, nā pā, a me nā ʻili lāʻau. Kūleʻa nui lākou i nā lā mahana mahana. Makemake lākou e kali i ka ua ma nā wahi mehameha.
ʻAʻole makemake nā ʻōpeti kāpeti i nā kahe ea ikaika, no laila hoʻāʻo lākou e koho i nā wahi mālie no ke ola a me ka hana hou. Hoʻomaka ka puka nui ʻana o nā cabbages i ka wā puna, ke hiki i ke kau wela. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hana o nā butterflies mai ʻApelila a i ka 1st mau makahiki o ʻOkakopa.
ʻAiʻai Pono
Oi aku pinepine butterfly cabbage i ke kiʻi hopu ʻia e noho ana ma luna o kahi kō. ʻ speakslelo pū ka inoa o ka ʻelima i ke aloha no kēia mea kanu. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻo ke kāpeti ka mea ʻono wale o ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Makua hānai butterfly kāpelu nectar pua, e hāʻawi ana i ka makemake i nā dandelions, chamomiles, alfalfa, sivtsi.
Akā makemake nui kāna poʻe keiki i nā lau o ke kāpeti, rutabagas, horseradish, turnip, rapeseed, radish a me radish. ʻAʻole e hōʻole ka ʻenuhe kāpeti i nā kāpena, nā nasturtium, ka ʻumiʻumi a me ka kālika. ʻO ke kuko o nā ʻenuhe (ʻai lākou ma kahi o ka manawa mau) hoʻolilo iā lākou i nā mea ʻino weliweli o nā mahina ʻai a me nā māla.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
E like me ka nui o nā ʻelala, hoʻomohala o ka cabbage butterfly Aia i loko o kekahi mau anuu Ma muli o ka nui o nā keʻokeʻo kāpeti, ʻaʻole pono nā kāne e huakaʻi lōʻihi e ʻimi i kahi hoa.
I mea e ʻumeʻume ai i ka wahine, hāʻawi ke kāne i kahi ʻala ikaika loa, e like me ka geranium. Ma mua o ka hele pololei ʻana i ka hānau ʻana, lele pū kekahi o nā butterflies ma kahi o 100 mau mika (kahi ʻano o ka pilina a me ke kaʻina o ka pili ʻana.
Hoihoi! Hūnā ka wahine momona i ke koena o nā "suitors" i ka mauʻu. Ma aneʻi pelu ʻo ia i kona mau ʻeheu a paʻa. Inā loaʻa i kahi kāne ka wahine hūnā, wehe ʻo ia i kekahi mau ʻēheu e pale i ka launa ʻana a hāʻawi i kahi hōʻailona o ka hōʻole (hāpai ʻana i kona ʻōpū ma kahi kihi koʻikoʻi). Ma hope o kēlā, lele aku ke kāne hōʻeha i ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi hoa ʻē aʻe.
Ma hope o ka male ʻana, hoʻomoe nā wahine i nā hua. ʻO kā lākou paʻa ʻana, hiki i kēlā me kēia ke loaʻa mai 15 a 100 mau hua (ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, a hiki i 200 mau hua), waiho ʻia nā butterflies ma ka ʻaoʻao i loko o nā lau o nā mea kanu kolio (ʻo ka pinepine ma ke kāpeti). Ma aneʻi pale maikaʻi ʻia nā huamoa ʻaʻole wale mai nā mea hōkai, akā mai ka ua a me ka mālamalama o ka lā.
Ua hōʻoia nā ʻepekema i ke kūpono o ka kanu cabbage no ka hoʻomoe ʻia ʻana e ka honi (i ka wā o ka hoʻokolohua, hoʻomoe ʻia nā hua i nā pā i loko o ka pā i hamo maikaʻi ʻia me ka wai kāpeti).
Hoihoi! I ke kaʻina o nā nānā loihi, ua ʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema i kahi hiʻohiʻona o ke kanu kāpeti - ʻaʻole wale ia e hoʻomoe i nā hua, akā mālama pono i kāna keiki, ʻoi aku ka pololei, ua lawa ka meaʻai. No laila, ʻaʻole hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā hua ma luna o kēlā mau lau kahi kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi pepe ʻē aʻe. Manaʻo ʻia he hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke alo o nā ʻūlū extraneous o cabbage e ka ʻala.
ʻO nā hua o ke keʻokeʻo cabbage e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā iwi ʻaoʻao lōʻihi. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā hua manu melemele waiwai. Koke, maʻa mau ma hope o 6-8 mau lā, kupu mai nā larvae mai nā hua i kau ʻia. ʻO kā lākou hana nui ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai e pono ai no ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana o ka ʻelima.
Ma ka mua larva butterfly kāpelu liʻiliʻi loa a like me kahi koʻe liʻiliʻi. Eia nō naʻe, e hānai mau ana, loaʻa koke ke kaupaona, e lilo ana i ʻenuhe "paʻa" ʻo 4 - 4.5 cm.
ʻO nā ʻenuhe i kū mai nei mai nā hua manu e ʻānai i ka ʻili a me ka pala mai nā lau. Akā hoʻonui iki i ko lākou makemake, a loaʻa iā lākou ka hiki ke hoʻopau loa i nā ʻāpana ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā mea kanu. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka vorenessness o nā larvae, a me kā lākou helu, hiki i kekahi ke noʻonoʻo maʻalahi i ka hōʻino a lākou i nā mea kanu.
ʻOiai liʻiliʻi ka larva, mālama lākou i nā hui nui, ʻoiai lākou i ka paʻa. Akā ke ulu nei lākou i ka nui, ʻo ka nui o kahi a me nā meaʻai e pono ai lākou. No laila, hoʻopuehu lākou ma nā wahi ākea.
ʻŌpio ʻenuhe butter cabbage he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha, e ʻae iā ia e ʻaneʻane e hui pū me ka lau kahi e noho ai. I ka manawa like, mahalo i nā ʻano ʻekolu pigment i loko o kona kino, hiki i ka larva ke hoʻololi i nā aka o kona mau integuments, e loli ana i nā kūlana e ola ai. No laila, ma nā lau mālamalama, "hele a pale ka ʻenuhe", a ma nā lau ʻeleʻele, loaʻa iā ia ke kala i momona hou aʻe.
Ke ulu nei, hoʻoheheʻe ka larva i nā manawa 4 a hoʻololi i ke kala. I ka mua, huli hina ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā kiko ʻeleʻele. Holo kahi kaula melemele ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino, a ʻoi aku ka māmā ma hope o ka hope. A laila hoʻololi ke kala nui o ka ʻenuhe i polū-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO nā kaha melemele ma nā ʻaoʻao, ma ke kua, a me nā kiko ʻeleʻele i ke kino e koe.
Uhi piha ʻia ka ʻenuhe me nā huluhulu maikaʻi. ʻO kāna mau wāwae wāwae he 16 e ʻae iā ia e neʻe maʻalahi ma luna o ka lau a hāʻule ʻole. ʻO nā ʻāhinahina chitinous o ka larva kahi ʻano gnawing o ke ʻano a ke neʻe mau nei. ʻAe kēia iā ia e nahu a nau aʻe i nā olonā paʻa pono.
E like me nā mākua, hiki i nā ʻenuhe ke neʻe i kahi mamao loa i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Eia nō naʻe, makemake ʻole lākou i ka pulu (ua nui) a me ka wela nui. ʻO nā kūlana kūpono no ko lākou ulu ulu ʻana he wā maloʻo a me t + 20 + 25 ° С.
Akā ʻaʻole like me nā butterflies, e hana nei i ka lā, nocturnal ka larva. ʻOi aku ka pololei, i ka pō ʻai nui lākou, a i ke ao ua "hoʻomaha" lākou i ke kumu o nā poʻo kāpeti, mai ka lā o ka lā, nā manu a me nā maka kanaka.
ʻO ka wā ulu o ka ʻenuhe he 2-3 mau pule, i kekahi manawa a hala 40 mau lā. Aia ia i ke kaiapuni. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o lākou, ʻo ka wikiwiki ke kaʻina hana. I kona hopena, mākaukau ka larva e pupate.
ʻO ka pupa o ke keʻokeʻo kāpeti ka wā nāwaliwali loa o kona pōʻaiapuni. I kēia wā, ʻaʻole pale ʻia ʻo ia e kekahi mea a ʻaʻole hiki ke hūnā mai kahi hoʻoweliweli hiki ke hiki. No laila, i mea e neʻe ai i ke kahua o ka hoʻomohala aʻe a lilo i pupa, ke ʻimi nei ka ʻenuhe i kahi wahi mehameha loa (ʻo kēia paha ka ululāʻau kokoke loa, kumu lāʻau, a i ʻole pā ma hope o ka lua.
Ma ke kiʻi ʻana i kahi kihi kūpono, pili paʻa ia iā ia me kahi pae e like me ka siliki, a laila maloʻo a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e pīpī mālie. ʻAno like ke kala o ka pupa kāpeti me ka ʻenuhe - ka hue ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā kiko ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi. ʻO kona kinona he kihi iki.
Ma hope o 1.5 - 2 mau pule, haki ka pūpū o ka cocoon, a puka mai kahi butterfly hou mai ona aku. Inā kū ka pae pupation i ka hopena o ke kauwela a ʻaʻole makemake nā ʻano o ke aniau i ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana, noho ka lāʻau cabbage i ke ʻano o ka pupa a hoʻolilo i ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻia a hiki i ka puna.
I ka wā mua, palupalu a wili ʻia nā ʻeheu o ka ʻenekini "hānau hou", no laila hohola mālie ka pepe iā lākou a hoʻomaloʻo iā lākou i ka lā no kekahi mau hola. Ma kahi o ka ikaika o nā ʻeheu, mākaukau ka butterfly no ka pā ʻana a me ka hānau hou ʻana. ʻO ke ola o kahi pepeke makua ma kahi o 20 mau lā. Ma ka awelika, hiki ke hānau ʻia ʻelua mau keiki o ke keʻokeʻo cabbage i kēlā me kēia kau (i nā wahi mehana, hiki ke kolu o ka puni o ka hoʻomohala).
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ia ka lua o ka hanauna o ke keʻokeʻo kāpī e waiho i ka makaʻu nui loa i nā ʻāina kaiāulu a me nā mahiʻai ʻoihana pilikino. ʻO ke kumu ke koi ʻia o nā mākua mua o ka puna e hoʻohana i nā mea ulu hihiu no ka paʻa ʻana.
ʻAʻole i lawa ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā māla i kēlā manawa no ka hānai ʻana i nā larvae maikaʻi. Akā hoʻonohonoho ke keiki kauwela i kāna keiki ma luna o ke kāpeti makua a me nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia o ka ʻohana keka.
