Ua unuhi ʻia ʻo Gyurza mai Persian mai ʻo "club iron", "club", "mace". He ʻano like ʻo ia me kahi lāʻau nui. ʻOiai, paha, ka inoa ʻo "club" - mai ke kīloi wikiwiki ʻana o ka nahesa, ʻo ia kāna "kāleka kāhea". He nahesa ʻino ia mai ka ʻohana viper. ʻO kona inoa ʻē aʻe ʻo "Levant viper".
ʻLelo lākou ʻaʻole kēia nahesa he mea ʻawaʻawa wale nō, akā ikaika loa a loko ʻino hoʻi. I loko o kahi huhū hiki ʻole, hiki iā ia ke haki i kona poʻo inā he palena kona ākea. I ka huhū pupule, nahu ʻo ia i kona aka. A ma hope o ka poʻe lawehala a ʻenemi paha, hiki iā ia ke hele ma hope o kahi mamao loa. Ma ka Hikina, ua loaʻa iā ia ka inoa kapakapa "mōʻī wahine o ka make."
ʻLelo aku lākou i kahi mea ʻē aʻe - palaualelo ʻo ia a me ka nānā ʻole, a hoʻolohe ʻole kona kino mānoanoa, clumsy iā ia. No ke kīkē ʻana i ka mea i hoʻomāinoino ʻia, pono ʻo ia e kiaʻi i ka mea i luku ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi a paʻakikī hoʻi i ka hoʻohālua.
Ma mua o ka hōʻoia a hoʻopau ʻana paha i kēia mau moʻolelo, pono e aʻoaʻo e pili ana i ka mea aʻe. Nā nahesa ʻawahia, ʻoiai inā akahai a palaualelo lākou, pono mau i kahi o ka nānā kūikawā. I kekahi hihia ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻomaka iā lākou iho, e like me nā holoholona.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Nahesa Gyurza ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻo ka mea kolo nui i loko o ka Soviet Union ma mua. ʻO kona lōʻihi, e pili ana i ka wahine, hiki i 1.3-2 m. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne. Kaupaona a 3 kg. Pālahalaha ke poʻo a nui, like me ke kiko o ka ihe, me ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka ʻāʻī, ʻo nā maka me nā kahakaha superciliary e kū ikaika i ka lae.
ʻO ia, e like me nā mea kolo he nui, he mau haumana kiʻekiʻe. Ma ke poʻo o ke poʻo he mau mea kūpono ʻole i ke ʻano o nā iwi ʻaoʻao i hana ʻia me nā unahi; kokoke i ka ihu, laumania ia. Hinahina ke kala me kahi aniani ʻeleʻele, akā hiki ke hoʻololi i loko o ka ʻāina i noho ʻia. I kekahi manawa aia nā moʻo wale o ke kala, one a ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula paha, i kekahi manawa me ke aka o ke kala ultramarine.
Akā maʻamau ua hoʻonani nani ʻia. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ma ke kua he mau ʻāpana o nā kiko ʻeleʻele o ka hoʻonohonoho transverse. ʻO nā kiko liʻiliʻi e iho i lalo i ka ʻōpū. Mālamalama ka ʻōpū, a aia kekahi mau kiko liʻiliʻi ma luna ona. Hiki ke kala o ke poʻo i hoʻokahi monochromatic a i ʻole me kahi kāhiko paʻakikī me nā aʻa a i ʻole nā kiko.
Pili ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka nahesa i kona wahi noho; kōkua ia iā ia e camouflage iā ia iho ke ʻimi holoholona. Kūleʻa i ke kūlohelohe a gurza ʻeleʻele, o hoʻokahi kala, me ka haʻi ʻole ʻia o nā kiko transverse ma ke kua. I kekahi manawa huikau ia me kekahi nahesa weliweli a ʻona hoʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo mamba ʻeleʻele.
Hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia nā niho ʻona lōʻihi loa, e like me ka pahi pahi pelu, ke hāmama ka waha, huli lākou a puni i ke axis e kū i kahi kūlana hakakā. No laila, hiki i ka mea kolo ke hoʻouka a me ka hana hou ʻana me ka wikiwiki o ka uila.
ʻO Gyurza i ke kiʻi ʻano mānoanoa a piʻo hoʻi. Hiki i kona helehelena ke kuhi hewa i kekahi kanaka loea ʻole i ka manaʻo he lohi a palupalu ʻo ia. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia. He dexterous a akamai ʻo ia, piʻi pono i nā nāhelehele, lele i nā uila. ʻIke i ka makaʻu, hiki iā ia ke kolo wikiwiki loa.
Nā ʻano
He paʻakikī e hoʻokaʻawale loa i nā ʻano a me nā ʻāpana o ka gyurzu. Hiki ke nānā ʻokoʻa loa i loko o ka māhele like. I kēia manawa ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e ʻike i nā ʻenemi ʻeono o kēia kanaka. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole wehewehe pono ʻia kekahi o lākou. ʻO Cypriot gyurza, Transcaucasian, Central Asian, ʻo Chernov's gyurza a me Nurata.
Loaʻa i nā lālā hope loa ka inoa Lākina ʻo Macrovitera leetina obtusa. A i kēia manawa, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻāpana i ke kūlana. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kānaka āpau o ka ʻohana viper ma ke ʻano he lāhui pili. ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka moonihoawa he weliweli loa:
- ʻO ka viper maʻamau e ola nei i nā ululāʻau āpau o kā mākou ʻāina. Hiki i kona lōʻihi a hiki i 1 m, ke kala mai ka hina me ka uliuli a i ka pouli loa, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele. Ma ka hope aia kahi kāhiko o kahi kahakū zigzag ʻeleʻele.
- ʻO ka viper steppe e noho ana ma nā kapakai o ka Moana ʻEleʻele a me Caspian. Waihoʻoluʻu māmā, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
- ʻIke ʻia nā Sand Vipers a me nā aspip vipers ma ke kai Kaiwaenahonua. ʻAʻole lākou liʻiliʻi ka makaʻu, akā ʻawahia nō hoʻi.
- ʻO ka viper Armenian, i loaʻa ma nā ʻāina o ka hikina o ke Kaiwaenahonua. ʻO kāna hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona nā wahi ākea a puni o ke kala ʻalani a terracotta paha ma ke kua.
- ʻO nā nahesa wao nahele, ʻo ka epha one ka mea kaulana loa. Noho i nā semi-Desert o ʻApelika ʻAkau a me ʻAsia Hema. Loaʻa iā mākou ma Asia Waena. Heʻuʻuku ia, a hiki i 60 cm ka lōʻihi, wikiwiki loa a wikiwiki hoʻi. ʻO ka ʻili he one, me nā kaha zigzaz pouli lōʻihi e holo ana mai luna a i nā ʻaoʻao. Ma ke poʻo aia ke kaha kiʻi ma ke ʻano o ke keʻa.
- ʻO Daboya, a i ʻole ka viper kaulahao, ka nohona ma India, Indochina, nā kahakai a me nā kuahiwi.
- Noho ka viper walaʻau ma ʻApelika. ʻEleʻele ke kala me nā kiko māmā ma ke kua. Holo nā kaha Transverse mai nā maka a i nā heiau. Leo nui ʻo Hisses i ka huhū ikaika.
- Noho ka viper Gabonese ma ʻApelika. ʻO ia ka mea nani o nā moonihoawa. Uhi ʻia nā ʻaoʻao o luna me kahi ʻano paʻakikī a nani hoʻi o nā triangles o ka ʻalani, poni a me nā kala ʻalani. Aia ma waenakonu o ke kua kahi ʻōpana keʻokeʻo a me nā kiko melemele māmā. Hinahina ke poʻo.
Aneane weliweli loa lākou āpau i nā kānaka.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Ola ʻo Gyurza ma ke komohana ʻĀkau ʻApelika, ka Hikina Waena, ka ʻAlapia ʻAlapia, ʻĀnia a me Pakistan. Ma nā panalāʻau o ka USSR ma mua, loaʻa ia ma Transcaucasia, Azerbaijan, Armenia a me Central Asia. I nā wahi hema o Kazakhstan, ʻano laha kēia nāhesa i kēia manawa.
I ka ʻIseraʻela, ua nalo i nā makahiki 50 o ke kenekulia i hala. Noho i nā heluna kaawale gyurza ma Dagestan... Liʻiliʻi ka nui o lākou ma laila, ma ka awelika hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa he nahesa 1 ma ka 13 hectare. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻena, ʻike pinepine nā moʻo, 1 kanaka no ka 1 hectare. I ka hopena o ke kauwela, hiki i 20 mau kikoʻī no ka hectare ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia i nā kumu wai.
ʻOkoʻa ka helu i kēlā me kēia kau. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ʻApelila 2019, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā nahesa i ʻike ʻia ma kekahi mau noho. Ua loaʻa lākou ma lalo o nā kaupaku o nā kaʻa, ma nā alanui, i nā māla māla. Ua hoʻolaha ʻia kahi pilikia, a ua lawelawe ʻia nā lawelawe kūikawā i ka hei. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ke kūlana.
Koho ka mea kolo i nā wao nahele, nā wao akua, a me nā puʻu. ʻO ka hapanui e hele mai ma nā kuahiwi, i nā kahawai me nā kahawai, ma nā pali o nā pali, e pili ana i nā kahawai, me nā kahawai me ka wai. I kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa ʻo ia ma nā kaiāulu, i kēlā mau wahi kahi e peʻe ai, a kahi e ʻimi ai i ka maikaʻi. Huli ʻo ia i nāʻiole a me nā ʻiole ma laila. Hiki iā ia ke piʻi i luna loa, a i 2000-2500 ka m.
I ka hoʻoilo, hibernate lākou a peʻe. Ma kahi o ka puna, kokoke i Malaki, ke hoʻomehana ka ea a + 10, puka lākou mai nā hale noho. No kekahi manawa ʻai lākou ma kahi kokoke i ko lākou wā hoʻoilo, e ʻimi ana i nā rodents kokoke, a laila kolo i nā wahi kauwela. He mea lawe lima kēia kanaka, hiki ke neʻe i ka neʻe ʻana.
I ka hāʻule hōʻuluʻulu hou lākou, hibernate lākou i kekahi mau mea, ma kahi o 10-12, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke kaʻawale. Hiamoe lākou i kēlā me kēia wahi i nā manawa like ʻole, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke aniau. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma Transcaucasia, hala ka manawa hibernation ma kahi o 5 mau mahina, mai ka mua o ʻOkakopa a i ka hopena o Pepeluali.
Ke hiki mai ka wā wela o Mei, hoʻāʻo ka nahesa e noho kokoke i ka hou - nā wai a me nā kahawai. I loko o kēia wā, ua hohola lākou e uhi i ka palena o ka huli holoholona nui loa. Aloha ʻo Gyurza i ka wai, ʻauʻau, i ka manawa like e hoʻouka i nā manu e noho ana i ka wai a hele mai paha e inu, a me nā rana a me nā moʻo.
Meaʻai kūpono
I ka papa kuhikuhi o ka gyurza oʻo kolohe, aia nā rodents i ke kēpau, ukali ʻia e nā manu a me nā amphibians. ʻO nā Pikas, nā ʻāpā, nā ʻiole, nā hamsters, nā gopher, nā moʻo a me nā moʻo ʻē aʻe. Hiki i kāna mea pio ke lilo i pāʻani nui aʻe - no ka laʻana, he hare.
Aia nā liʻiliʻi o nā honu a me kā lākou mau hua i ka papaʻai. Hele mau ʻo ia i ka hopu holoholona i ka lā, akā i ke kau wela, loli ka hana. I ke kauwela, alualu lākou i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi, e hoʻomaka ana ma ka pō ahiahi.
Hoʻomaka ka nahesa e ʻimi ʻimi i ka puna. Koho ʻo ia i nā wahi like ʻole no kēia. Hiki iā ia ke peʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kuahiwi, hiki ke piʻi i luna o kahi ululāʻau, peʻe ma laila a kali i ka mea pio - nā manu a i ʻole nā moa. Hāʻule nā puʻupuʻu a me nā wagtails i kēia huli holoholona.
Makemake ʻo ia e peʻe i nā pā waina, ʻoiai he nui nā passerine a me nā manu ʻē aʻe e lele i nā hua momona. ʻAi nā nahesa i hānau hou i nā ʻelala a me nā moʻo liʻiliʻi. Aia kekahi mau hihia o ka ʻai kanaka ma waena o kēia nahesa.
Ke hoʻolauna nei i kahi lāʻau make o nā toxins lāʻau make ʻona ʻaʻole wale i ka palaka i ka mea i hoʻomake ʻia, hoʻomaka ia i ke kaʻina hana o ka luku ʻia o ke koko a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i hikiwawe loa. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, moni ʻo ia i ka ʻai hapa hapa. Hiki i ka nahesa ke hoʻomanawanui i kahi ʻōloli pōloli, i kekahi manawa lōʻihi loa, akā i ka hele ʻana i kahi ʻimi kūleʻa, ʻai ʻo ia i nā ʻiole ʻekolu ma hope o kekahi.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻO Gyurza ma Central Asia kahi nahesa oviparous, kahi mea maʻamau i ka ʻohana viper. I nā wahi noho ʻē aʻe, he viviparous ia, e like me nā poʻe ʻohana ʻē aʻe. I ka puna, kolo mua nā kāne i ka lā, a ukali ʻia e nā wahine i nā lā he 6-7. I ka mahana ʻana, hoʻomaka lākou i ka male ʻana.
Piʻi nā moʻo i nā pōpō, ʻaʻole maopopo i kekahi manawa ʻo wai ka "mea kākau" o nā keiki. Hoʻokahi mau mahina a me ka hapalua ka lōʻihi o ke kau ʻana a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o Iune. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā hua i 20-25 mau lā. ʻO ka lālau hānau he 15-20 mau hua me nā embryos i hoʻomohala nui ʻia.
ʻAʻole uhi ʻia nā hua me ka pūpū ma luna, akā me ka ʻili aniani iki. I kekahi manawa ma o ia mea hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā keiki ma hope. ʻO nā lālau a hiki i nā hua he 40 a kaohi i ʻike ʻia i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana ma ka hema o Tajikistan.
ʻO ka manawa incubation he 3-7 mau pule. ʻO nā moʻo liʻiliʻi i hānau hou a hiki i ka 28 cm ka lōʻihi. Hana ʻia ke kaʻina hatching mai Iulai a i ka mua o Kepakemapa. I ka wā hānau, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i waiwai pio na kekahi, mai ko lākou mau mākua ponoʻī a i nā moʻo ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻi i ka lāʻau ʻawaʻawa - nahesa melemele, ʻo kahi laʻana. ʻAʻohe o kekahi ʻenemi kūlohelohe i kahi gyurza makua.
ʻOiai, hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia e kahi cobra nui a i ʻole kahi moʻo hina hina, hiki iā lākou ke nānā ʻia e kahi ʻīlio hae, he pōpoki ulu lāʻau a me kahi ʻīlio hae. Hiki i kā lākou lawehala ke ʻehaʻeha iā ia mai nā gurza nahu. ʻO ka ʻenemi maoli wale nō o kēia moʻo ʻo ka ʻaeto moʻo. ʻO Gyurza kāna meaʻono punahele. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā holoholona e ola nei a 10 mau makahiki. I ka serpentarium, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola - 17 mau makahiki, aia kekahi mau hihia, ola lākou a 20 mau makahiki.
He aha e hana ai inā nahu ʻia e gyurza
ʻO Gyurza kekahi o nā nahesa weliweli loa no nā holoholona a me nā kānaka. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻolei i kahi uila i kona lōʻihi o ke kino i ka ʻenemi. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole ʻo ia kāna, ʻaʻole hana i nā ʻano maʻamau, akā hoʻouka me ka ʻole o ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo inā manaʻo ʻoe ua hana hewa ʻoe i kāna ʻāina.
ʻOiai ʻo ka mea hopu i ka ʻoihana hiki ke hāʻule i ona lā. He paʻakikī e hopu iā ia, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mālama ʻana iā ia. ʻO ke kino ikaika a muscular e wili i nā lima, e neʻe koke ana. Pono ʻoe i ka mākau kūikawā a me ka ʻike e hopu iā gurza. No laila, waiwai nui nā mea hopu a gyurzu i ka honua o nā mea hopu nahesa.
Ke mākaukau ʻo ia e nahu aku i kekahi, a laila, me ka hoʻokaʻulua ʻole, hāʻule ʻo ia i kona mau niho me kona ikaika āpau, ʻoiai e hou ana i kona a lalo. I kēia ʻano, ʻo ia, e like me nā moʻo ʻāpala, he hāmeʻa āpau loa. No ka nahu ʻana i kahi cobra, pono ʻoe e "hoʻowali" i nā ā mua ma ka hoʻoneʻe iki ʻana. I kekahi manawa ʻeha ʻo ia iā ia iho.
ʻAi ka Gyurza make pinepine. Me ka ʻole o ke kōkua kūpono, make ke kanaka. Kūpilikiʻi ke kūlana e ke anuanu mahana; i ka wela, hoʻolaha wikiwiki ka lāʻau make i loko o ke kino. Inā nahu ʻia ʻoe e ka gyurza, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e lāʻau ponoʻī. ʻAʻole hiki ke wehe ʻia kēia lāʻau make mai ke kino me ke kōkua ʻole o kahi antitoxic serum hoʻomākaukau. ʻO ka serum ponoʻī i hana ʻia mai kēia lāʻau make, a ua kapa ʻia ʻo "Antihyurzin".
ʻAwahia Gyurza weliweli loa i ke kanaka. ʻO ka lāʻau make wale o ka cobra ka mea ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ia i nā hopena ʻona. Hoʻokomo pū ʻo Gyurza i ka manawa like i kahi nui, a hiki i 50 mg o ka lāʻau make. Loaʻa iā ia nā enzymes e luku koke i ke koko a haki i nā kīʻaha koko liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻomaka ke koko e haʻalulu. Hele pū kēia mau mea āpau me ka ʻeha, kahoʻi, ka luaʻi, ke kuni. Eia nō naʻe, waiwai nui kēia lāʻau make i ka lāʻau. Ma ke kumu ego, hana ʻia nā lāʻau no ke kaomi, nā mea ʻeha o ka ʻeha, kūʻē i ka hānō bronchial, nā hamo no sciatica, neuralgia, polyarthritis, nā lāʻau no ke kuhi a me ka mālama ʻana i ka hemophilia, kekahi mau maʻi ʻino a me ka maʻi lēpera.
ʻO ka hopu ʻana i nā nahesa kahi ʻoihana weliweli loa, akā maikaʻi loa. Ma ka hopu pio ʻole ʻia ʻana o ka nahesa, a me ka hoʻohaunaele ʻana i kona wahi maoli, ua hoʻemi loa ke kanaka i ka lehulehu, e like me Lūkia. No laila, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka gyurza i loko o nā Red Data Books o Kazakhstan, Dagestan a ma ka puke hou o ka Red Data Book o ka Russian Federation.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
- Ua hoʻolei ka moʻo i ʻekolu mau manawa i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻānai ikaika ʻo ia i kona poʻo ma luna o nā ʻāpana paʻakikī - nā pōhaku, nā lālā, ka honua maloʻo, a hiki i ka nahā o ka ʻili. A laila kolo ia i kahi wahi hāiki ma waena o nā pōhaku, nā aʻa kumu lāʻau. ʻO ka hopena, heʻili ka ʻili e like me ka waihona. No kekahi manawa hūnā ʻo ia i kahi, a laila hoʻi hou i ke kūlohelohe.
- Hoʻohui pinepine ka wā moulting me nā kauwela maloʻo. Inā ʻaʻohe ua, "luʻu" ka nahesa no ka manawa lōʻihi i ke kehau a i ʻole ka hoʻohuʻu ʻana i ka wai e palupalu ai ka ʻili. Hoʻokaʻawale maʻalahi ia mai ke kino.
- Hānau ʻia nā nahesa liʻiliʻi he ʻawaʻawa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pono lākou i kahi manawa e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i mea e pono ai ka nahu.
- Hoʻonui pinepine ʻia nā moʻolelo e pili ana i ka huhū unmotivated a me ka huhū o ka gyurza, a i ʻole hoʻonāukiuki nui ʻia nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma mua o kēia. ʻAʻole hoʻouka ka nahesa me ke kumu ʻole.
- I ka Soviet Union ma mua, ma Uzbekistan a me Turkmenistan, aia kekahi mau mea hānai nahesa kūikawā kahi i ulu ai ka gyurza i mea e loaʻa ai ka lāʻau ʻino mai loko mai. Mālama nui ʻia lākou ma laila. Paʻa paʻakikī kēia mau moʻo. Noho lākou i ka pio no ka manawa lōʻihi a hāʻawi i ka lāʻau make he nui.
- Ua kākau ka mea kākau Lūkini kupaianaha ʻo Lazar Karelin i ka puke "The Serpents" i ka makahiki 1982. ʻO ka meʻe, ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā haunaele o ke ola, ua hele aku ʻo ia i Central Asia kikoʻī e hopu iā gyurza, no ka mea, he ʻoihana waiwai a hanohano loa ia. ʻO ke prototype o ke ʻano hoʻokahi i hopu lima ʻia ma mua o 50 o kēia mau nahesa ʻawaʻawa.
- ʻO kekahi o nā kīʻaha ʻono loa ma Azerbaijan, e hoʻomanaʻo nei i kā mākou dumplings, ua kapa ʻia ʻo "gyurza" ma muli o ke kumu ma ka palaoa.
- ʻO kekahi o nā mahele o nā pūʻali koa Lūkia i kapa inoa ʻia ʻo "Gyurza". ʻO ka wikiwiki, hoʻomanawanui, ʻike, hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi loa i ka lewa, ke pā ʻana - ʻo kēia nā ʻano o kēia nahesa i manaʻo ʻia i ke koho ʻana i kahi inoa.
- ʻO Serdyukov pūkaʻina hoʻouka pale kaua ponoʻī, i hana ʻia no nā pūʻali koa kūikawā, lawe pū i kēia inoa hoʻoweliweli "Gyurza". Malia paha ʻo ka ikaika a me ka wikiwiki o kēia mea kolo, ʻo ia nō kahi mea kaua make, kauoha aku i ka mahalo a me ka makemake e hoʻohana i kona inoa e hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻenemi.
