Manaʻo lokahi e pili ana i kahi a me kahi i ʻikea ai iʻa rotan i nā wai ʻEulopa, ʻaʻole. Wahi a kekahi o nā mana, ua lawe ʻia kēia ʻano i ka panalāʻau o Rūkia mai nā ʻāina hikina ma ke ʻano he iʻa aquarium. Ma hope o ke kau ʻia ʻana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hoʻololi koke ia a hoʻomaka i ka hoʻolaha ikaika ʻana.
ʻO ka homeland o rotan i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka muliwai ʻo Far East Amur, kahi i loaʻa i nā helu he nui. He mea ʻaihue kūpilikiʻi ʻole ke nānā aku, i kēia lā he mea hoʻoweliweli i nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe.
I loko o ka waihona wai, kahi e hiamoe ai ka mea hiamoe aloha nui, hoʻololi loli ka ʻano laha, e hoʻolilihune ana i ka wai wai. No laila, ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu nā lawaiʻa i kēia ʻano moa manu.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea makemake lawaiʻa e kuhikuhi ʻaʻole wale i ka helehelena makaʻu a me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka iʻa, akā i kona ʻono haʻahaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻomaka nā lawaiʻa e hoʻomaopopo i loko o nā waihona kai kahi e noho ai nā rotan, he nui nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole. Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma ka ʻai ʻana i ka caviar a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, koho ʻia ka rotan ma muli o ke koho kūlohelohe ʻana.
Ke ulu nei nā mea ola i nā nui nani. No laila, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hopena o ka rotan ma ke kaiaolaola wai mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe. I kēlā me kēia hihia, e waiwai a kamaʻilio pū kekahi me kēia predator ʻano ʻē.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka iʻa rotan - ka hiki ke hūnā iā ia iho i loko o kekahi kino wai kahi e loaʻa ai. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pālākiō o ke kaiapuni (ka malu o ka wai, ke ʻano o ka lalo), hiki ke hina ke kala o ka predator, melemele, ʻeleʻele a ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele. Mahalo i kēlā ʻano "chameleon" ʻano, uhi paʻa ka iʻa i kēlā me kēia wahi noho. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi iʻa rotan i waena o nā poʻe e nā hiʻohiʻona aʻe:
- nui poʻo disproportionate i ke kino, me ka waha ākea;
- aia nā uhi o nā pūkana ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino;
- i ka waha o ka rotan aia kekahi mau lālani o nā niho ʻoiʻoi a lahilahi, a hōʻano hou i ko lākou mau makahiki;
- uhi ke kino o ka iʻa me ka paheʻe, ʻoluʻolu ʻole, ʻaʻala maikaʻi, e kōkua nui iā ia e neʻe me ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki i ka wai;
- ʻokoʻa ka iʻa o ka ʻohana goby, me ka mea e piʻoloke pinepine ai ka mea ahi, ua hoʻokaʻawale ka mea ʻaihue i nā ʻili pelvic pālua i hoʻopili ʻia ma kahi mamao loa mai ke poʻo, kahi hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma kiʻi o ka iʻa rotan.
ʻAʻole nui ka nui. ʻO kona awelika lōʻihi he 12-15 cm. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hihia o ka hālāwai o nā hiʻohiʻona nui aʻe, i hiki i 25 cm ka lōʻihi me ka nui o ke kaupaona ma mua o 500 g.
Ma ka wikipedia iʻa rotan i ho'ākāka ʻia ma ke ʻano he predator i ʻike maka maikaʻi loa ʻia. ʻAe kēia iā ia e nānā i nā kikoʻī liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka wai ma kahi mamao a 5 m. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka laina laina i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia i ke kino e kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i kahi mea hiki ke loaʻa.
Nā ʻano laha
ʻO Rotan, e noho nei i loko o nā kino wai, ʻoiai nā ʻokoʻa kūwaho i waena o nā specimens, no ka ʻano like ia, i kapa ʻia ka firebrand. ʻO ka pālahalaha wikiwiki ʻana o nā iʻa i ʻike ʻole ʻia i loko o nā waihona wai, a me kona hiki ke hoʻololi i nā ʻano kūlana, ua kōkua i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā inoa he nui: goby, forge, sandpiper, lāʻau pōʻai, gulper, wrasse, etc.
ʻO nā ahi ahi e noho ana i nā wai o Lūkia he ʻeleʻele i ke kala a me ka waena i ka nui. ʻO ka iʻa e ʻau kokoke aku ana i ka lalo he malu ʻeleʻele. Nānā ʻole i ke kala a me ka inoa a nā lawaiʻa e hāʻawi ai i ka mea ʻaihue i nā wahi like ʻole, nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole i hopu ʻia i ka ʻano like.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Koʻo ka hekili o ka iʻa maluhia, ka hale ahi, koho i nā waihona wai me ke kai kū ʻole ma ke ʻano he wahi noho: nā waikahe, nā loko wai pohō, nā kahawai muliwai, nā loko liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi rotan iʻa muliwai i nā kino o ka wai me ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai kūpono. Loaʻa kēia i nā kumu aʻe:
- ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o ka wai i nā kino wai kū ʻole ma mua o nā kahawai e kahe ana, kahi mea nui ia no ka thermophilic rotan;
- i kēlā ʻano kaiapuni, manaʻo ka ʻā ahi e like me ka ʻoluʻolu e like me ka hiki, ke waiho nei i kahi predator hoʻokahi o ka waihona.
Unpretentiousness rotan iʻa i nā kūlana kaiapuni i hōʻike ʻia i ka hiki ke hoʻomanawanui maʻalahi i ka nele o ka oxygen i ka wai. Ke komo nei i loko o ka lepo lepo, hiki i ka mea ʻino ke ola i ka hau a ʻaneʻane paha e pau ka maloʻo ʻana o ka waihona. No laila, ʻaʻole hele ka rotan i ka neʻe ʻana, makemake e alakaʻi i kahi nohona noho.
ʻO nā lawaiʻa mai nā ʻāpana ʻākau o Rūsia i hana i kahi nānā hoihoi o Amur hiamoe i ka hoʻoilo. Ma mua o ka hoʻoilo, hana ka predator i nā hōʻuluʻulu lehulehu i loko o ka lua o ka hau, kahi e iho ʻole ai ka mahana ma lalo o -1 kekelē Celsius, a hāʻule i ka helu o ka helu, e hoʻomau ana a hiki i ʻApelila. Inā i kēia wā e hemo ai ke ahi mai ka hau a waiho ʻia i loko o ka wai i ka mahana maʻamau, ola hou ka mea make i kahi manawa pōkole a hoʻomaka i ka neʻe ikaika ʻana e ʻimi i ka meaʻai.
Ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Rūsia, ʻaʻole hiamoe ke ahi ahi; hopu nā lawaiʻa iā ia ma nā loko iʻa a puni ka makahiki. Ua hoʻomaopopo lākou i loko o nā loko iʻa liʻiliʻi ʻoia ka nui o ka Amur hiamoe liʻiliʻi. ʻIke ʻia nā mea nui nui aʻe i nā wai kahe e kahe ana, kahi e hoʻoponopono ʻia ai kā lākou helu e nā mea ʻino nui o nā laha ʻē aʻe.
I kēia lā ua pālahalaha ʻia ka rotan ma Rūsia, e noho ana i kahi pohō, nā loko i ulu nui ʻia, nā loko iʻa, nā ʻāpana o nā kahawai, nā ʻāpana, a pēlā aku. I nā kū i kū, loaʻa kēia iʻa i loko o ka Irtysh, Volga, Don, Styr a me nā kino nui ʻē aʻe o ka wai.
I loko o kēlā mau wai wai kahi i paʻa ai nā waihona iʻa i kūkulu lōʻihi ʻia a me ka nui o nā mea ʻaihue, noho ʻo Rotans i kahi wahi akahai kokoke i nā kahakai, kahi e ulu ai nā mea kanu a me nā mea kiʻekiʻe o nā kumuwaiwai. No laila, i loko o ia mau waihona wai wai, ʻike ʻia ka hopena luku o ka wahie i ka lehulehu o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe i kahi liʻiliʻi.
Meaʻai kūpono
He ʻōpū nui loa ko ka lāʻau, no laila e noʻonoʻo paha kahi lawaiʻa ʻike ʻole i ka hopu ʻana i kēia iʻa no ka manawa mua. He aha ka ʻai a ka iʻa rotan?... Hoʻomaka ka loke i ka hopu holoholona me nā palena liʻiliʻi, a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 1 cm. Ma ke ʻano he meaʻai, koho ʻia kēlā ʻano iʻa i nā hua o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, a ʻai mau ia, hoʻopōʻino i ko lākou lehulehu.
Hoʻohui ʻia i nā hua, ʻai nā kānaka nui aku i nā larph amphibian, nā leech, nā hua liʻiliʻi o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, a pēlā aku. Ua ʻike ʻia nā hihia o ka cannibalism i kēia hui iʻa, ke ʻai nā mea nui i nā lunamakaʻāinana o ko lākou ʻohana. Kūleʻa like kēlā ʻano i ka ulu ʻana o ka rotan i nā loko iʻa a me nā aquarium.
I loko o kahi wai pāpaʻu kahi e loaʻa ai ka rotan, e nalowale nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe āpau i kahi manawa pōkole, a i ʻole hoʻemi nui i ka heluna kanaka. I kēia hihia, koe nā mea hoʻohālikelike nui loa, ka mea i ʻoi aku i ka mana o ka firemand.
I kekahi mau hihia, hoʻokumu kēia mau kamaʻāina i nā wahi wai i nā kula, ke hoʻonohonoho nei i kahi ʻimi maoli no nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. I kahi hoʻouka kaua like, hoʻopuni lākou i ka palai mai nā ʻaoʻao āpau, a me ka wikiwiki e komo i ka iʻa e holo ana, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka hoʻouka kaua a piha nā ʻāpana o ke kula predatory. Ma hope o kēlā mau hoʻouka kaua, hele ka wahie i lalo, a noho ma laila no kekahi mau lā, ke ʻeli nei i ka meaʻai i komo i loko.
He mana nui a ākea ka waha o nā mākua me ka iwi ā mua. Mālama kēia i nā iʻa predatory e ale i nā ʻelele o 6cm o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai inā he mānoanoa ko lākou kino. ʻO ke kiʻi ʻana i ka mea pio nui he mea hana, ʻaʻole ia e hana i nā mea keakea no ka hanu ʻana o ka iʻa, i hōʻike ʻia i ka neʻe ʻana o ka rhythmic kūlohelohe o nā uhi o nā ahi.
Ma waho aʻe o ka palai hana ʻana, ʻo ia nā kumu waiwai nui o ka mea hiamoe Amur, ʻai pū ʻia ia i nā ʻūlū i lawe ʻia mai lalo o ka lepo, nā mea kolo e lana ana i luna o ka wai. Hopu iā ia ka meaʻai i loko o ka lepo wai me ka silt.
ʻOiai ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe ʻole a kuko, makemake ka firemand e hoʻonani iā ia iho no ka wā e hiki mai ana. No laila, ma hope o ka momona nui, hiki i kona ʻōpū ke hoʻonui i ka nui e 2-3 mau manawa. Ma hope o kēlā, ʻaʻole hiki ke kū i ka ʻōpū pehu, ua komo ka iʻa i lalo o ka waihona i kekahi mau lā e ʻeli i ka meaʻai.
Eia kekahi, he kuleana maikaʻi kēlā ʻano overfeeding no ka predator ke loaʻa ka hemahema o ka meaʻai. ʻO ke kaʻina hana digestion a i 2 mau lā. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole neʻe ke ahi.
ʻO ke ʻano omnivorous a me nā makemake ʻono ʻole o rotan e hāʻawi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ka nui o kāna poʻe ma ka pae like. Ma nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ua hoʻokō ʻia kahi hopena ma muli o ka nui o nā poʻe e ʻai ana i kā lākou "ʻohana" liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hoʻomaka ka hiki ke hana hou i ka Amur hiamoe i ka makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu paha o ke ola. Hoʻomaka ka wā hana manuā o ka mea ʻino i Mei a pau i Iulai. ʻO kahi kūlana maikaʻi aʻe no kēia wai hoʻomehana maikaʻi, 15-20 kekelē. Hoʻokahi wahine o ka awelika o ka nui i kēlā me kēia kau e hiki ke hānau keiki kokoke i nā tausani hua manu.
I loko o ka wā spawning, loaʻa i nā kāne kahi ʻeleʻele, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele hue; ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano ulu ma ka ʻaoʻao mua o ko lākou poʻo. ʻO nā wahine, no ko lākou ʻike maikaʻi ʻana i ka wai lepo, wai ʻeleʻele, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, lilo i māmā.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hua manu o ke ahi e kahi ʻano oblong, melemele nā kala. Kōkua nā wāwae wana i nā hua e hoʻopili i ka moena, kahi e paʻa pono ai i ka wā e hiki mai ana ma ka mea o lalo i koho ʻia e ka wahine. Hoʻonui nui ʻia ke ola o ka caviar rotan ma muli o ke kau ʻana me ka manuahi, holoi mau ʻia e ka wai, kahi e hōʻoia ai i ka holo mau o ka oxygen iā ia.
Mālama wale ʻia ka pale o nā keiki e nā kāne, ka mea mākaukau piha i mua o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe e makemake ana e ʻahaʻaina ma ka caviar. He paʻakikī ia no ka rotan e kū wale me nā hōʻeha o ka perch agresive.
Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hua mua mai nā hua manu, ʻai ke kāne ponoʻī i kekahi o lākou. ʻO kēia ke kumu o kēia ʻohana iʻa, ke hakakā mau nei no ke ola o nā makahiki like ʻole.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ka rotan i ʻike pinepine ʻia i loko o nā wai paʻakai iki. Akā makemake ka predator i ka ʻōpū i loko o kahi kino wai hou. He pōkole ke ola o kahi ahi, ma mua o 5 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki iā ia ke ola no 7 a ʻoi paha mau makahiki.
Hopu i ka rotan
Nui nā loiloi o nā lawaiʻa e pili ana i ka rotan, maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi. Hoʻonāukiuki kekahi i ka noho aliʻi o kēia predator omnivorous, ʻoiai ʻo kekahi, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻonāukiuki ʻia, e hāʻawi ana i ka manaʻolana e hopu i nā iʻa nui o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka hopu ʻana i ka wahie i ka hoʻoilo ka mea kaulana loa. I loko o kēia wā, ʻike ka predator i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka meaʻai, lilo i mea momona, a wikiwiki hoʻi e ʻaneʻane i kēlā me kēia maunu. No laila, hiki i ka mea hoʻomaka ke hopu iā ia me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hoʻoilo.
Hoʻohana ʻia kēlā me kēia maunu no ka holoholona mai kahi maunu no ka rotan: maunu ola, ʻiʻo, nā ʻīlio, nā ilo, a pēlā aku. Ke koho ʻana i kahi maunu ʻino, he mea nui e noʻonoʻo i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ʻauʻau ʻo rotan ma mua o ka amplitude, poʻo poʻo hoʻoluhi o ka pāʻani.
ʻO nā wahi punahele no ka iʻa i ulu nui ʻia, littered, mulish nā wahi o ka waihona. Ma muli o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka wahie ma luna o ka wahi o ka wai me ka kaulike ʻole, pono ʻoe e ʻimi iā ia ma ka hana ʻana i nā pahu i nā wahi like ʻole.
Ma waena o nā mea a nā lawaiʻa e hoʻohana ai no ka lawaiʻa ʻana:
- koʻokoʻo lana. He mea nui ia "pāʻani" me ka lana, hana mau ʻana i ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana o ka maunu.
- Mīkini. Hana nui ʻo Rotan i ka nahu ʻana i kahi maunu hana ʻono, me kahi neʻe nui.
- Koʻokoʻo lawaiʻa lalo. Me kona kōkua, hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i kahi iʻa nui aʻe o ka iʻa, eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hana ʻana i kēia, aia kahi ahi ahi i hānai maikaʻi ʻia kokoke i ka lalo, no laila i kēia hihia pono e koho i ka maunu kūpono.
ʻO ka waiwai kūpono
He nui nā lawaiʻa i hopu i ka mea hōkai, kahi i hoʻolaʻa ʻia ai kēia ʻatikala, e nīnau iā lākou iho: ʻai i ka rotan iʻa? Kupanaha ka pane: he ʻai kēia iʻa. Hoʻowahāwahā ʻia kekahi me ka helehelena maikaʻi ʻole o ka mea hōkai. Pāʻani kūʻē ka ʻala ikaika o ka lepo a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka iʻa iā ia. nolaila he aha ke ʻano o ka iʻa he rotan ʻaʻole lākou i ʻono.
Kūkākūkā nā poʻe o ka ʻā ahi i ka palupalu o kāna ʻiʻo, momona, palupalu, a ma ke ʻano o kona ʻono ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa i ka ʻiʻo o nā ʻano wai ʻē aʻe o ka wai. Ma mua o ka kuke ʻana, hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi loa ʻia ka rotan o ka mucus a me nā unahi, hemo ka loko, a ma hope e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā hana like ʻole: ʻo ka paʻakai, ka ʻai ʻana, ka kuke ʻana.
Hoʻohui ʻia, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia aia nā ʻiʻo rotan i loko o nā wikamina a me nā microelement, i pili nui i nā hana olaola kanaka. nolaila nā pōmaikaʻi o ka rotan iʻa hiki ʻole ke hōʻole ʻia, a me ka helu kūpono ʻole i ka ʻaʻā ahi ʻaʻole kūpono ia.
ʻO kahi laʻana o kahi kīʻaha rotan
Ma muli o ka rotan ka iʻa liʻiliʻi he nui, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia no ka hana ʻana i nā cutlets. ʻO kahi kanaka ʻike ʻole i ke ʻano iʻa a lākou e hoʻomākaukau ai, ʻaʻole paha ia e noʻonoʻo i ka mea i hana ʻia mai kahi ʻano inconspicuous, i ka helehelena ʻoluʻolu ʻole, ʻaʻole mahalo nā poʻe āpau i ka mea noho wai.
No ka kuke ʻana āu e pono ai:
- ½ kg o ka wahie liʻiliʻi;
- ½ keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo;
- ½ kīʻaha waiū mehana (no ka pulu ʻana i ka pala);
- 1 hua manu;
- ½ ʻaka;
- mea ʻala e ʻono ai;
- 1 tbsp pata;
- kaʻaila mea kanu no ka palai ʻana;
- palaoa no ka ʻokiʻoki cutlets.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa loa ka kuke ʻana i nā palaʻa iʻa mai ka ʻiʻo.
- Hāʻalo mākou i ka iʻa i hoʻomākaukau ʻia a me nā ʻakaʻaka ma o ka wili ʻai, a wili paha iā lākou i kahi moku kuʻi ʻia i ka mea kāwili.
- Hoʻohui i ka hopena i ʻai ʻia i ka palaoa i ninini ʻia i ka waiū a me kahi hua manu i kuʻi ʻia.
- Hoʻohui i ka hui me nā mea ʻala, ninini i ka waiūpala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Inā makemake ʻia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i nā mea kanu ʻokiʻoki e hoʻohui i kahi ʻono kūikawā i ka pā.
- Ma hope o ka hoʻohuihui ʻana i ka ʻiʻo kuʻi ʻia i kahi kūlike homogeneous, waiho iā ia e "hoʻomaha" no 20-30 mau minuke.
Maʻalahi ka ʻenehana no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā cutlets: hoʻokaʻawale mākou i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi mai ka ʻiʻo manu ʻia, ʻolokaʻa ʻia i mea kinipōpō, a ʻolokaʻa ʻia i loko o ka palaoa, e kaomi iki nei i lalo me kou mau lima, e hana ana i nā ʻoki.
Pono ʻoe e kuke i nā cutlets i loko o kahi pāpale wela wela ma kahi wela kūpono a hiki i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai kahi gula gula. Mākaukau kahi mea ʻala a lahilahi. ʻAʻole paha e koho kekahi o kou ʻohana he iʻa i aloha ʻole ʻia e nā mea he nui, i hoʻohana ʻia i loko ona - rotan.
Nui ka waiwai o nā wai o ko mākou ʻāina i ko lākou poʻe kamaʻāina. A ʻo kahi iʻa e like me ka mea hiamoe a Amur, ka mea i loaʻa i kahi ʻano ambiguous iā ia iho, kahi ʻāpana o ke kaiaolaola ākea o ka honua, a he pono ke nānā a me ka mahalo.
