Bleak - kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi me kahi kino nani, elongated. Noho i nā waihona wai wai hou o Eurasia. Ma ke komohana, holo ka palena o ka wahi blak i Palani, ma ke kūkulu ʻākau kokoke i ka Arctic Circle, ma ka hikina hiki i Yakutia, ma ka hema hiki i ka repubalika Central Asia.
Hoʻopili ka mea hoʻohālikelike olaola i ka blul ma lalo o ka inoa Alburnus alburnus. Nui nā inoa maʻamau o kēia iʻa. ʻO ka mea nui ke kani i kahi luna liʻiliʻi - maʻemaʻe maʻamau. ʻO ka mea aʻe e hiki mai nā inoa kaulana: bleak, sylyavka, sebel, a me herring.
Nui nā huaʻōlelo manaʻo like ʻole no ka maʻule. ʻO kēlā me kēia wahi, hāʻawi kahi kahawai nui i kona inoa ponoʻī i ka blim maʻamau. ʻO ka hopena, ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau inoa Lūkia wale nō. ʻAʻole i kū ʻē nā ʻepekema biological - ua hāʻawi lākou i ka pōʻino me 33 binomen ʻōnaehana (nā inoa i ka Lākina i ka hoʻohālikelike biology) Kūlike like lākou āpau me ka inoa Alburnus alburnus.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Bleak — he iʻa me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻole i haʻi ʻia. Liʻiliʻi ka nui no nā iʻa wai hou. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o ka poho o ke kanaka makua. I nā kahawai nui a me nā loko, hiki i ka lōʻihi blak ke hiki i 30 knm. Akā he moʻolelo laha ʻole kēia.
Liʻiliʻi ke poʻo, noho i 15% o ka lōʻihi o ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Kuhi ʻia ka ihu, me nā pali o symmetrical o luna a me lalo. Aia ma ke poʻo ke poʻo: he waha liʻiliʻi, maka maka, puka ʻole ihu inconspicuous. Pau ke poʻo i nā kīwaha gill.
Noho ka waha o ka hū ma kahi kūlana waena ma waena o ka hope a me luna. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke ʻano he hope loa, ma luna. ʻO ia, hoʻohana ka bleak i nā ʻano hana nui ʻelua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka meaʻai: ʻohiʻohi ia i ka meaʻai mai ka papa o ka wai, akā i kekahi manawa mākaukau ia e ʻūlū i ka meaʻai i mua ona.
Kaha kahi waha nui no ka iʻa nona ka papaʻai e hoʻopili ai i ka meaʻai e koi ʻole ai i ka noi o ka hana e wili iā ia, a lawa mau kēia meaʻai. Wahi a ka waha liʻiliʻi o ka uha, noho ia ma nā wahi i lawa ka ʻai o ka paakiki waena.
ʻAʻole kūlike nā āwae - ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka mea i lalo ma mua o ka mea kiʻekiʻe. Ke paʻi ʻia ka waha, komo ka iwi ā lalo i ka notch ma luna. Aia nā niho Pharyngeal i ka waha o ka iʻa. Nā ʻāpana 7 i nā lālani ʻelua, luna a me lalo. ʻAʻole lākou i kau ʻia ma nā ā, akā ma nā aʻa oaka.
Hoʻohui ʻia, i ka pharynx, i kāna ʻāpana luna, aia kahi paʻa paʻakikī o ka ʻie horny - kahi pōhaku kaʻa. Kūlike kona inoa i kāna kumu. ʻO ka wili, me kona mau niho, wili i ka meaʻai e komo ana i ka pharynx. ʻO nā niho pharyngeal a me nā millstones nā hiʻohiʻona morphological e hoʻoholo i ka pili o ka blak i ka ʻohana cyprinid.
Ma mua o nā maka, ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke poʻo kokoke i ka lipolipo, aia nā puka ihu i hoʻopili ʻia. Kopa kiʻime he mea lā ʻaʻohe o kēia mau kikoʻī anatomical, akā na ka iʻa iā lākou. Pau nā piko o ka ihu i kahi mea ʻike (kahi hōʻiliʻili o nā hunaola koʻikoʻi) e pane i ka pilau.
Poepoe nā maka, me kahi iris kālā. ʻO ka nui o nā haumāna ua lawa ka nui, kahi e hōʻike ai i ka ʻike maikaʻi i loko o nā kūlana o ka ʻike kaulike. Kōkua ka ʻike ʻike i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā mea kolo mai ka papa o ka wai.
Kaha ʻia ka hopena o ke poʻo e nā kaha gill, pale ʻia e ka operculum. Pālahalaha ke kino, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia. ʻO ka fin ma ke kua i hoʻoneʻe ʻia i kekahi hapalua o ke kino. ʻO ka fin caudal he homocercal, me nā lobes symmetrical maikaʻi i hoʻopili ʻia.
ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka fin a caudal fin ma mua o ka fin dorsal. Hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia nā kino ʻauʻau pectoral a me nā ʻōpū. Ma waena o ka huelo a me nā pelvic fin aia kekahi keel - kahi ʻili elongated leathery pale i ka ʻole o nā unahi.
ʻO Fins - nā ʻōnaehana o ka neʻe ʻana, ke nānā pono ʻia i ka ʻauʻau wikiwiki a me ka maneuverable. Kūleʻa kā lākou kukuna, ʻaʻole paʻakikī, ʻaʻole prickly. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hana i kahi hana pale, e like me ke kākalaioa o kahi ʻōpala a i ʻole nā perch ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka ʻō iʻa kupaianaha loa ka laina laina. I nā lūlū, ua uhi ʻia me nā unahi 45-55 e uhi ana i nā auwai liʻiliʻi. Hoʻohui lākou i ka nohona kūwaho me ka laina ʻaoʻao aoao maoli. Hoʻohuli ia, i nā fluctuations i ke kaiapuni o ka wai i nā hunaola.
Mai iā lākou, komo ka ʻike i loko o ka lolo pōuliuli, kahi e hoʻokumu ʻia ai kahi kiʻi, e like me ke kiʻi. ʻIke i nā pulsations nui ʻole o ka nui o ka wai, hiki i ka iʻa ke ʻike i ka mea hoʻouka kaua me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia.
Hiki ke kapa ʻia ke kala o ka iʻa me ke akamai. ʻO ka mālamalama mālamalama a ka iʻa e hana ai ke neʻe i kekahi ʻano pale. ʻO kahi ʻāpana o nā ʻulaʻula a me ka holo wikiwiki e hiki ke hoʻohoka i kahi asp a pike paha.
Hoʻonani wale nā ʻaoʻao me ka sheen metallic. ʻEʻeleʻele ke kua, me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo a uliuli hina hoʻi. Keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū, kekahi manawa me ka melemele liʻiliʻi. Translucent, nā mustard a hina. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kala o ka pūpū ma muli o ka transparency o ka waihona i kahi a lākou e noho ai.
ʻO ka uhi ʻāhinahina o ka iʻa i hōʻeuʻeu i ka Pākē. Ua hana lākou i kahi makuwahine-o-momi i hana ʻia e ke kanaka mai nā unahi maikaʻi ʻole. Lilo i ka mea haku o nā momi hana. Ua lilo ka manaʻo i nā ʻEulopa kūpono a hoʻomaka i ka hana o nā pseudo-kāhiko. Akā ua lilo koke kēia i ka pilina a lilo i mea like me kahi kaʻao.
Nā ʻano
ʻO ka bleak maʻamau kahi ʻohana carp, ua kapa ʻia kona genus ma hope o ka bleak, ma ka ʻōlelo Latina: Alburnus. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā laha āpau i ke ʻano. Ma ke ʻano he hopena o nā noiʻi filoginetic, ua hoʻohuli ʻia nā ʻano he nui mai ka genus Chalcalburnus a i ʻole shemaya i ka genus bleak.
Mai ka manaʻo o nā lawaiʻa a me nā kamaʻāina kūloko, ʻo ka shemai, a i ʻole i kapa ʻia lākou, ʻo ka shamayk, ua mau ka shamai. Mai ka manaʻo o nā biologists, ua lilo lākou i mea pōpō. Ua hoʻonui ka genus Alburnus i 45 mau ʻano ma hope o kēia hoʻoponopono.
ʻO ke ʻano kaulana loa ka blope maʻamau. ʻLelo pinepine ʻia: Caucasian, Danube, ʻItalia, Ke Kai ʻEleʻele, Azov, North Caucasian bleak. Ma waena o nā ʻūlū, nui nā endemics e noho wale ana i kahi kīʻaha a i ʻole kahi kino wai kikoʻī.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
He paʻakikī ke loaʻa kahi muliwai nui, kahi loko, e kāpae ʻia e kahi mea maʻamau pohō. Aia ma hea? aia mau kēia kālā kālā silvery me nā ʻano iʻa nui aku. Ma waho aʻe o nā kino wai nui, hiki i ka bleak ke hōʻike ʻia i nā loko iʻa a me nā ʻauwaha o ke kūlanakauhale, nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a me nā waihona wai ʻimi.
ʻAʻole kūpono ka lipolipo i nā kahakaha pōhaku. ʻOi aku ka wai mālie o ka hohonu waena. Ma ke au malie, hoʻuluulu ʻia ka blū a puni nā alahaka, nā uapo, a me nā paila pākahi. ʻAʻau ʻo ia i nā wahi ʻauʻau a me nā wahi hoʻomaha: ʻaʻole makaʻu ʻo ia i ka walaʻau kanaka.
Noho ʻo Bleak ma kahi noho maʻa mau. Hana ia i nā neʻe ikaika e pili ana me ka hōʻino ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka wai a i ʻole ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka lako o ka meaʻai. Hiki ke piʻi i loko o ka wai kai i loko o nā wai wai muliwai.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, ʻimi nā kula iʻa i nā wahi hohonu e ʻae iā lākou e hoʻomanawanui i ka hau. I ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā lua hoʻoilo, hāʻule ka bleak i kahi puiwa. Lawaiʻa Bleak i kēia wā ʻaʻole kūpono. Thaw, hoʻomehana i ka wai e hoʻōla i ka iʻa i ke ola.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻO Omnivorousness kekahi o nā kumu no ka laha nui o ka laha. Hana ka hapanui pinepine i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka meaʻai mai ka papa o ka wai. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke kolo e neʻe ana ma ka ʻili a hāʻule ʻole paha ma luna.
ʻO ka pāʻina meaʻai no ka momona, e like me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, hiki mai i ka manawa o ka ulu nui a me ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻōpio. Ma waho aʻe o ka moth iā lākou iho, ʻai ʻo blak i kā lākou larvae. ʻAʻole kūpaʻa ke kuhikuhi i ka meaʻai e lana mai ana ma luna. Hōʻiliʻili nā pepili i nā meaʻai mai nā mea kanu wai a me ka lepo.
I loko o ka wā spawning, hoʻouka kaua nā kula o ka iʻa kālā i nā hua o nā poʻe wai ʻē aʻe. Hoʻoweliweli ka ubiquity a me ka nui o ka blak i nā keiki a nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. ʻAi ʻia ka caviar, nā larvae, nā ʻai. I kēlā mau manawa, hopu ʻo ia iā ia iho koʻekoʻe lawaiʻa.
Hana pinepine ʻo Bleak ma ke ʻano he mea pio ma mua o ka mea ʻino. I loko o kekahi kino wai he nui ka poʻe e makemake e hopu i kēia iʻa. ʻO Pike, perch a asp paha e hoʻouka kaua mau ʻia e nā ʻāpana o ka maʻiū. ʻO nā helu nui a me ka neʻe kiʻekiʻe kekahi o nā hoʻolālā ola no nā iʻa kula liʻiliʻi.
Huikau ka ʻōlinolino a me ka nui o nā iʻa lehulehu i nā mea ʻino aquatic, akā huki i nā ea. ʻO kēlā me kēia manu e hiki ke kāʻili i ka iʻa mai ka ʻili e ʻimi no ka momona. Kūleʻa nā manu kai, tern, a me kekahi ʻekahi i kēia ʻoihana. I ka wai pāpaʻu, hopu mau ʻia nā herona.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
I ka makahiki ʻelua, lilo i makua i makua. Mākaukau ʻo ia e hoʻomau i ka heihei. Hoʻomaka ka wana ʻana ma Mei a mau a hiki i Iune a i ʻole Iulai. Bleak spawns i kekahi mau hoʻokokoke ʻana. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kānaka ʻelemakule i nā hua. A laila hiki mai ka manawa o iʻa ʻelua a ʻekolu paha makahiki.
No ka hoʻoulu ʻana, papau, ulu nui i kekahi manawa, koho ʻia nā wahi. ʻO ka wikiwiki ka hana ʻana. ʻO ka mea mua, hele wāwae nā iʻa iʻa ma nā wahi i wae ʻia. A laila, hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā hua manu, e hoʻoholomua i nā neʻe, hoʻomaka ka iʻa e "ʻānai". Hana kolohe nā koʻokoʻo i loko o ka ʻohana ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā hua a me ka waiū, e lele ana i waho o ka wai.
Hoʻomaopopo hou ʻia nā ala huakaʻi ma hope o ʻelua mau pule. Noho ka nui o nā hua hua momona i nā mea kanu, nā lāʻau drift, nā pōhaku a pili iā lākou. Hoʻonui ka spawning i nā ʻāpana i nā manawa o nā keiki.
Oʻo koke ka larvae. Pau ka Incubation i loko o hoʻokahi pule. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka mahana o ka wai, ke hele a wikiwiki paha ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā larvae bleak. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe i pāpale ʻia ma mua o 4 mm o ka lōʻihi. Mai haʻalele i nā wahi pāpaʻu.
Ulu wikiwiki ka fry a i ke kauwela hiki lākou i 3-5 cm ka lōʻihi.ʻO ia hoʻi, lilo lākou i blak piha, i hiki ke ola no 6-7 mau makahiki. Akā hiki i kekahi mau iʻa ke mālama i kēia makahiki. He mea paʻakikī ka pīhoihoi ʻelima mau makahiki. ʻO kēia kamaʻāina ʻāhinahina o nā kahawai a me nā loko i nui loa ka ʻenemi.
Kumukūʻai
ʻO Bleak kahi iʻa ʻaʻole hoihoi i ka ʻoihana kalepa, eia nō naʻe, ua paʻa ia i ka nui o ka nui a hāʻawi ʻia i ka mea kūʻai. I ka manawa like, hana ʻo ia i nā hana like ʻole.
E hana i kahi wai paʻa, i hiki ai ke hoihoi i nā lawaiʻa, ʻaʻole lawa ka hoʻomaikaʻi, no ka laʻana, he loko. Pono e mālama. Ke hāpai nei i kēia hana, hoʻokuʻu nā ichthyologists i nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole i loko o ka loko, kahi wai i hana ʻia. E mālama ʻia ke kaulike kūlohelohe inā aia kekahi bleak maʻamau i waena o lākou.
No ke kumu kūʻai, kūʻai ola ʻia ka blul. Aia ke kumukūʻai o ka iʻa i ka nui o ke kūʻai aku a aia ma ke kikowaena o 500-750 rubles i kēlā me kēia kg. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka loko, ulu ka loko blak a ulu nui me ka wikiwiki. Ma hope o ia mea, e māhuahua ka nui o nā iʻa predatory.
Akā aloha nui ʻia ʻo bleak e nā pikes a me nā walleyes, hauʻoli ka poʻe i ka hoʻohana ʻana ia mea. ʻAʻole hoʻohuli ʻia nā lawaiʻa nui a me nā kaulike e kekahi mea nui ʻole. Pulu ka māla mahiʻai liʻiliʻi
ʻO ke ala maʻamau o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka blak i ke kālepa i loko o kahi ʻano maloʻo. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o kēia iʻa maloʻo liʻiliʻi ma kahi o 500 rubles. no kg. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai aku ma kahi hale kūʻai iʻa kokoke. Akā ma ka Pūnaewele, hāʻawi mau ʻia kēia iʻa.
Hopu hū
Lawe ʻia ka lawaiʻa kālepa ʻana i nā mea i kaupalena ʻia. ʻO nā mea hana nui o kēia iʻa he lawaiʻa amateur. I kekahi manawa ke alo nei lākou i ka hana o ka hopu ʻana i ke kaniʻuhū, akā, i ka mea ʻē aʻe, ke kāpae nei i kāna nānā.
I mea e hoʻopau ai i ka huhū huhū, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻenehana maʻalahi. Kiola i nā hunahuna i kā lākou lana ponoʻī. ʻO kahi ʻāpana huhū, e lohe ana i kahi ʻōpala, hele i ka groundbait. ʻO nā lawaiʻa, no ka wiwo ʻole, hoʻohana i kahi maunu nui a me kahi lou.
ʻO ia, no ka mea ʻaʻole e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ka uha mai nā pahuhopu i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, pono e hāʻawi ʻia i kahi mea e ʻai ʻia mai kahi o ka lawaiʻa. E hoʻohana i nā kapa a me nā maunu o ka hoihoi iki i kēia iʻa. E koho pono i kahi a me ka pae o ka lawaiʻa.
Akā momona ka iʻa blak, momona. Nui ka poʻe mahalo iā ia a hopu iā ia me ka leʻaleʻa. Hopu hū he ʻoihana piliwaiwai a waiwai hoʻi ia. He maʻalahi ka hoʻoilo a me ke kau kau no ka hopu ʻana i ka blak - he koʻokoʻo lawaiʻa maʻamau. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻohui ʻia kahi jig i ka mea kaua. I ke kauwela, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi koʻokoʻo i lawe ʻole ʻia i ka lawaiʻa lele no ka pohū.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā kinipōpō palaoa, bloodworms, nā hua manu ant a me nā holoholona like a i ʻole ko lākou hoʻohālike e like me nā nozzles. I kekahi manawa hānai hānai nā lawaiʻa. No kēia, hoʻohana ʻia ka turbidity i kapa ʻia. I mea e hana ai, hoʻohana ʻia ka waiū, ka palaoa, nā hunahuna ʻai i kāwili pū ʻia me ka pālolo a me nā "cocktails" like.
Ke koi nei kekahi mau lawaiʻa holomua i kēlā maunu no ka maʻū me ka ʻole o ka honi kūpono ʻaʻole ia he ʻano lawaiʻa hou. Hana mau nā mea ʻona homegrown e like me nā anise a me ka ʻaila sunflower, akā hāʻawi nā mea kālepa i ka essences lōʻihi me nā ʻala ʻokoʻa.
Hopu lākou i ka hū, me ka lāʻau lawaiʻa. I kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻia kahi tackle i kapa ʻia ʻo "muzzle". ʻO kēia nā cones i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻelua. Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi i loko o ka lua. I ka wā ma mua, ua ulana ʻia nā cones me kā lākou mau koʻokoʻo, i kēia manawa - me kā lākou nila nylon. Aia kekahi mea maʻalahi maʻalahi - kahi upena pae.
ʻAʻole kau palena ʻia ka lawaiʻa nui ʻana i ka manawa. ʻO wau pehu i ka puna hiki ke hopu manuahi ʻia i ka wā e ikaika ana nā pāpā. Loaʻa i kahi Bleak kahi ʻano e hoʻohana ai nā lawaiʻa - ʻo ia kahi maunu maikaʻi loa no ka hopu ʻana i ka iʻa iʻa predatory, ka zander a me ka asp pinepine.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka blim live. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻekolu mau hana nui: ma hope o ke kua, ma hope o ka lehelehe a ma o nā gills. ʻO ke ala ʻoi loa ke kīʻaha ma o nā gills. Mālama maikaʻi ʻia ka leash ma lalo o ka operculum, huki ʻia i loko o ka waha a hoʻopaʻa ʻia he lou pālua.
I kēia mana, ʻaʻole ʻino ka iʻa, hiki iā ia ke ʻauʻau no ka manawa lōʻihi, hana ma ke ʻano he maunu. Ke pae ma luna o ka lou ma hope o ke kua a ma hope paha o ka lehelehe, ʻano like ka blak me he iʻa ʻeha. Hiki i kēia ke lilo i mea hoʻonāukiuki hou aʻe no ka pike a i ʻole walleye. Akā ʻaʻole ola ke ola ʻeha, nalowale koke kona ʻano, e like me ka maunu.
