I nehinei ua ʻike maopopo au i ka puka ʻana mai o ke kai he ʻekolu mau mermaids; akā ʻaʻole lākou i nani e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, no ka mea, hōʻike maopopo lākou i nā hiʻohiʻona kāne i ko lākou alo. ʻO kēia kahi komo i loko o ka puke puke o ka moku "Ninya" i hana ʻia ma Ianuali 9, 1493, i hana ʻia e Christopher Columbus i ka wā o kāna huakaʻi wahine mai ke kahakai o Haiti.
ʻO ka mea huakaʻi kaʻao a me ka mea ʻike, ʻaʻole ʻo ia wale nō ka luina i ʻike i ka "mermaids" i loko o nā wai mehana ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika. ʻAe, ʻaʻole like nā mea kūwaho me nā heroine fairytale, no ka mea ʻaʻole kēia he mermaid liʻiliʻi, akā manatee holoholona kai.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Malia paha, ʻo ka like me nā mermaids i hiki ke kāhea i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā māmela huakaʻi kai "sirens". ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻowalewale kēia mau mea kaʻao i nā luina o nā moku me kā lākou mele, a ʻaʻohe mea hoʻopunipuni ma hope o nā holoholona kai me ka sirena. ʻO lākou ka phlegm a me ka mālie iho.
ʻEkolu mau ʻano manatee i ʻike ʻia e nā ʻepekema a me dugong - ʻo ia wale nō nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka poʻe sirens. ʻO ka ʻelima, nalowale, nā laha - kau bipi kai o Steller - i ʻike ʻia i ke kai ʻo Bering i ka makahiki 1741, a he 27 mau makahiki wale nō i hala, ua luku nā mea alualu i ka mea hope loa. Kohu mea lā, ʻo kēia mau pilikua ka nui o kahi koholā liʻiliʻi.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ua ulu ʻo Sirens mai nā kūpuna pae wāwae ʻehā mau wāwae ma mua o 60 miliona mau makahiki i hala (e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā fossil i ʻike ʻia e nā paleontologists). ʻO nā holoholona herbivorous liʻiliʻi o hyraxes (hyraxes) e noho nei ma ka Hikina Waena a me ʻApelika, a ʻo nā ʻelepani i manaʻo ʻia he mau hoahānau o kēia mau mea kupaianaha.
ʻOi aku a akaka paha me nā ʻelepani, he mau ʻano like ko ka laha, nunui a lohi hoʻi. Akā liʻiliʻi nā hyraxes (e pili ana i ka nui o ka gopher) a uhi ʻia me ka hulu hipa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, loaʻa iā lākou a me nā proboscis kahi ʻano like o ka iwi iwi a me nā niho.
E like me nā pinniped a me nā koholā, ʻo ka sirena ka mea nui o nā māmele i loko o ka wai, akā ʻaʻole like me nā liona kai a me nā sila, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke pae i uka. Manatee a me dugong like lākou, akā naʻe, he ʻano ʻokoʻa ko ka iwi poʻo a me ke ʻano o ka huelo: like ka mua me ka hoe, ʻo ka lua he kalai kalai ʻia me nā niho ʻelua. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka waha o ka manatee.
ʻO ke kino nui o kahi manatee mākua e hoʻopili i kahi huelo pālahalaha. ʻAʻole i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia nā forelimbs ʻelua - akā he ʻekolu a ʻehā mau hana e like me nā kui. Ke lele nei kahi ʻumiʻumi ma ka maka maka.
Manatees i ʻano maʻamau i ke kala, akā naʻe, he ʻeleʻele kekahi. Inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi kiʻi o kahi holoholona ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a laila ʻike: ʻo ia wale nō kahi papa o ka limu i hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻili. Hoʻololi ke kaumaha o nā manatees mai 400 a 590 kg (i nā manawa kakaikahi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka holoholona mai 2.8-3 mika. ʻOi aku ka nui a me ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
He mau lehelehe muscular koʻikoʻi ko Manatees, mahele ʻia ka luna i ʻāpana hema a ʻākau, e neʻe kūʻokoʻa ana kekahi i kekahi. He like ia me nā lima liʻiliʻi ʻelua a i ʻole kahi kope liʻiliʻi o ka pahu o ka elephant, i hoʻolālā ʻia e hopu a omo i ka meaʻai i loko o kou waha.
Uhi ʻia ke kino a me ke poʻo o ka holoholona i nā huluhulu mānoanoa (vibrissae), aia ma kahi o 5000 o lākou i kahi kanaka makua. Neʻe ka pilikua ma ka lalo me ke kōkua o ʻelua palaka, e pau ana i nā "wāwae" e like me ka wāwae o nā ʻelepani.
ʻO nā kāne momona lohi ka mea nona ka lolo maʻalahi a liʻiliʻi hoʻi i waena o nā mea momona āpau (e pili ana i ke kaumaha o ke kino). Akā ʻaʻole kēia he manaʻo he mau puʻupuʻu naʻaupō lākou. Ua kākau ʻia ʻo Neuros Scientist Roger L. Ripa o ke Kulanui o Florida ma kahi ʻatikala o ka New York Times i ka makahiki 2006, ʻo ka manatees he "mākaukau loa i nā pilikia hoʻokolohua e like me nā dolphins, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka lohi a ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻono i ka iʻa, e hoʻoikaika ana iā lākou e hoʻoikaika."
Me he lio lā manatees kai - nā mea nona kahi ʻōpū maʻalahi, akā he cecum nui, hiki ke ʻeli i nā mea kanu paʻakikī. Hiki i ka ʻōpū ma 45 mau mika - lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka nui o ka mea hoʻokipa.
Moe nā māmā o ka manatee kokoke i ka iwi kuamoo a ʻano like me kahi waihona wai lana ma ke kua o ka holoholona. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mākala o ka umauma, hiki iā lākou ke kaomi i ka nui o nā ake a hoʻopaʻa i ke kino ma mua o ka luʻu ʻana. I ko lākou hiamoe, hoʻomaha nā mākala pectoral, hoʻonui nā māmā a lawe mālie i ka mea moeʻuhane i luna.
Hiʻona hoihoi: ʻAʻohe ʻūlū a ʻīlū paha nā holoholona makua, kahi niho o ka pāpālina wale nō i mahele ʻole ʻia i nā molara a me nā premolars. Hoʻololi hou ʻia lākou i ke ola holoʻokoʻa me nā niho hou e ulu ana ma hope, ʻoiai e holoi ʻia nā mea kahiko e nā granula o ke one a hāʻule i waho o ka waha.
I kēlā me kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe o ka manatee ma mua o ʻeono mau niho ma kēlā me kēia ā. ʻO kekahi kikoʻī kikoʻī: aia i ka manatee he 6 cervical vertebrae, i pili pū ʻia me nā mutation (ʻo nā mammals āpau ʻē aʻe he 7 o lākou, koe wale nō nā sloths).
Nā ʻano
ʻEkolu ʻano o kēia mau holoholona i ʻike ʻia e nā ʻepekema: manatee ʻAmelika (Trichechus manatus), Amazonian (Trichechus inunguis), ʻApelika (Trichechus senegalensis).
Manatee Amazonian kapa ʻia no kona wahi noho (noho wale ia ma ʻAmelika Hema, ma ka muliwai ʻo Amazon, kona kahawai a me nā kahawai. He ʻano wai anuanu ia e hoʻomanawanui ʻole i ka paʻakai a ʻaʻa ʻole e ʻau i ke kai a i ʻole kai. Ua liʻiliʻi lākou ma mua o kā lākou mau hoa a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka 2.8 mika ka lōʻihi. Helu ʻia ia i ka Red Book ma ke ʻano he "palupalu".
Loaʻa ka manatee ʻApelika i ka moana kai a me nā wahi estuarine, a me nā ʻōnaehana muliwai wai ma ke kahakai komohana o ʻApelika mai ka muliwai Senegal a hiki i Angola, ma Nigera a me Mali, 2000 km mai ke kahakai. ʻO ka heluna kanaka o kēia laha ma kahi o 10,000 mau kānaka.
ʻO ka inoa Lākina no ka lāhui ʻAmelika, manatus, consonant me ka huaʻōlelo manati i hoʻohana ʻia e ka poʻe Columbian o ka Caribbean, ʻo ia hoʻi ka umauma. Makemake nā manatees ʻAmelika i ka hauʻoli hauʻoli a ʻākoakoa i loko o ka wai papau. I ka manawa like, nānā ʻole lākou i ka ʻono o ka wai.
Hele pinepine lākou ma waena o nāʻauwai paʻa i nā kumu wai hou a hiki ʻole ke ola i ke anuanu. Noho ʻo Manatees i nā wahi kahakai kahawai a me nā kahawai o ke Kai Caribbean a me ke awāwa ʻo Mexico, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ko lākou helehelena e nā kānaka noiʻi ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka ʻāina e like me nā mokuʻāina ʻo Alabama, Keokia, South Carolina ma nā kahawai kai a me nā kahawai i piha i ka limu.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ka manatee Florida he subspecies o ʻAmelika. I nā mahina kauwela, neʻe nā bipi kai i nā wahi hou a ʻike ʻia a hiki i ke komohana a i Texas a hiki i ka ʻākau a hiki i Massachusetts.
Ua manaʻo kekahi mau ʻepekema e hoʻokaʻawale i kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe - dwarf manatees, noho aia lākou ma kahi kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Aripuanan ma Brazil. Akā ʻaʻole ʻae ka International Union for Conservation of Nature a hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana e like me Amazonian.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Kaawale mai ka pili kokoke loa ma waena o nā makuahine a me kā lākou mau keiki (keiki bipi), he manatees nā holoholona mehameha. Hoʻolilo nā wahine Lumpy ma kahi o 50% o ko lākou ola e hiamoe ana ma lalo o ka wai, "hele i waho" i ka lewa i nā manawa o 15-20 mau minuke. ʻO ke koena o ka manawa a lākou e "ʻai ai" i ka wai pāpaʻu. Aloha ʻo Manatees i ka maluhia a ʻauʻau i ka wikiwiki o 5 a 8 mau mile i kēlā me kēia hola.
ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha i kapa inoa ʻia lākou «mau bipi wahine»! Manatees E hoʻohana i kā lākou mau kāmaʻa lele e neʻe ai ma lalo o ka ʻeli ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā aʻa mai ka substrate. ʻO nā lālani kihi i ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o ka waha a ʻo ka iwi ā lalo e haehae i nā meaʻai.
Kūleʻa ʻole kēia mau māmela kai a ʻaʻohe hiki i ka anatomically ke hoʻohana i kā lākou mau niho e hoʻouka ai. Pono ʻoe e hoʻopili i kou lima āpau i ka waha o ka manatee e kiʻi i kekahi mau niho.
Hoʻomaopopo nā holoholona i kekahi mau hana a hōʻike i nā hōʻailona o ke aʻo ʻana i nā pilina paʻakikī, he hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo lōʻihi lākou. Hana nā Manatees i nā ʻano kani like ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kamaʻilio, keu hoʻi ma waena o ka makuahine a me kahi bipi keiki. "Kamaʻilio" nā mākua me ka pinepine ʻole e mālama i ka pilina i ka wā o ke pāʻani moekolohe.
ʻOiai ko lākou kaumaha nui, ʻaʻohe o lākou momona o ka momona, e like me nā koholā, no laila ke hāʻule ka mahana o ka wai ma lalo o 15 kekelē, mālama lākou i nā wahi mehana. Pāʻani kēia i kahi hoʻomākeʻaka hoʻomāinoino me nā pilikua nani.
Hoʻololi ka hapa nui o lākou i ka bask ma kahi o nā mea kanu mana a me nā mea pilikino, keu hoʻi i ka hoʻoilo. Hopohopo nā ʻepekema: ke pani nei kekahi o nā keʻena hana kūpono a me ke kino i hala, a hoʻohana ʻia nā poʻe nomad kaumaha e hoʻi i kahi like.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻO Manatees nā mea kanu lāʻau a hoʻopau ma luna o 60 mau wai ʻokoʻa (ka weigator weed, wai wai lettuce, mauʻu musk, hyacinth lana, hydrilla, lau mangrove) a me nā mea kanu kai. Aloha nā gourmets i ka limu, ke kai kai, ka mauʻu honu.
Ke hoʻohana nei i kahi lehelehe luna i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, hana lima ʻole ʻia ka manatee me ka meaʻai a ʻai maʻamau ma kahi o 50 kg i kēlā me kēia lā (a i ka 10-15% o kona kino kino). Hoʻonui ka pāʻina no nā hola. Me ka nui o nā mea kanu i hoʻopau ʻia, pono e ʻai ka "bipi" a ʻehiku, a ʻoi aku paha, mau hola i ka lā.
No ke kūpale ʻana i ka ʻike fiber kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana nā manatees i ka fermentation hindgut. I kekahi manawa ʻaihue nā "bipi" iʻa i nā ʻupena lawaiʻa, ʻoiai he manaʻo ʻole lākou i kēia "ʻono".
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
I ka wā o ka male ʻana, ʻākoakoa nā manatees i nā hipa. ʻImi ʻia ka wahine mai 15 a 20 mau kāne mai 9 mau makahiki. No laila ma waena o nā kāne, kiʻekiʻe loa ka hoʻokūkū, a hoʻāʻo nā wahine e hōʻalo i nā hoa. ʻO ka maʻamau, hānau nā manatees i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻelua. ʻO ka pinepine, hānau ka wahine i hoʻokahi bipi keiki.
ʻO ka manawa hānau ma kahi o 12 mau mahina. Lawe ka hānai ʻana i kahi pēpē i 12 a 18 mau mahina, hānai ka makuahine iā ia me ka waiū me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ʻelua nipples - hoʻokahi ma lalo o kēlā me kēia fin.
ʻO ke keiki bipi hānau keiki he kaupaona kaumaha o 30 kg. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā keiki bipi o ka manatee Amazonian - 10-15 kg, pinepine pinepine ʻia ka hana hou ʻana o kēia ʻano i Pepeluali-Mei, ke hiki aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka wai ma ka ʻenekia Amazon i kona palena kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ke ola maʻamau o ka manatee ʻAmelika he 40 a 60 mau makahiki. Amazonian - ʻike ʻole ʻia, mālama ʻia i ka lawe pio ʻana ma kahi o 13 mau makahiki. Ua make nā Lunamakaʻāinana o nā lāhui ʻApelika ma kahi o 30 mau makahiki.
I ka wā ma mua, alualu ʻia nā manatee no ka ʻiʻo a me ka momona. Kapu ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana i kēia manawa, a ʻoiai kēia, ua manaʻo ʻia he laha nā ʻano ʻAmelika. A hiki i ka makahiki 2010, ua māhuahua ka nui o ko lākou lehulehu.
I ka makahiki 2010, ua make he 700 a ʻoi paha mau kānaka. I ka 2013, ua emi hou ka nui o nā manatees - e 830. Ke manaʻo nei aia a laila he 5,000 o lākou, ua lilo ka ʻohana "ʻAmelike" i ʻilihune e 20% i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Nui nā kumu no ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o ka manatee.
- ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i nā mea ʻino, ʻoiai hāʻawi nā alligators i nā manatees (ʻoiai ʻaʻole kūpale nā crocodiles i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā keiki bipi o nā "bipi" Amazonian);
- ʻoi aku ka weliweli ka mea o ke kanaka: make nā bipi kai 90-97 ma ka wahi hōʻoluʻolu o Florida a me nā wahi e pili ana ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana me nā waʻa me nā moku nui. He holoholona pīhoihoi ka manatee, a neʻe lohi lākou, ʻo ia ke kumu e hāʻule ai ka poʻe ʻilihune ma lalo o nā ʻāpana o nā moku, ʻokiʻoki aloha ʻole i ka ʻili a hōʻino hoʻi i nā kīʻaha koko;
- make kekahi o ka manatee i ka ale ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻupena lawaiʻa, nā aho lawaiʻa, ka ea i ʻeli ʻole ʻia a keʻakeʻa i nā ʻōpū;
- ʻo kekahi kumu no ka make ʻana o manatees ʻo ia ka "ʻulaʻula", ke au o ka hana hou ʻana a i ʻole "pua" o nā limu microscopic Karenia brevis. Hoʻokumu lākou i nā brevetoxins e hana ma ke kikowaena pūnaewele o nā holoholona. I ka makahiki 2005 wale nō, ua make he 44 manatees Florida mai kahi kai kūpikipiki. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui o nā meaʻai a lākou e ʻai ai, make nā kānaka nunui i loko o ia wā: ʻo ka pae o ka lāʻau make i ke kino ma waho o nā pakuhi.
Manatee ola lōʻihi mai ka aquarium Bradenton
ʻO ka manatee kahiko loa e noho pio ana ʻo Snooty mai ka Aquarium o ka South Florida Museum ma Bradenton. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo veteran ma Miami Aquarium a me Tackle ma Iulai 21, 1948. Hānai ʻia e nā zologist, ʻaʻole ʻo Snooty i ʻike i nā holoholona lōhiu a punahele ʻia nā keiki kūloko. Ua make kekahi mea noho mau i ka aquarium i ʻelua mau lā ma hope o kona hānau hānau 69th, ma Iulai 23, 2017: ua loaʻa ʻo ia i kahi wahi o ka wai i hoʻohana ʻia no kahi ʻōnaehana kākoʻo ola.
Ua lilo ke akepaʻa lōʻihi i mea kaulana no ka launa loa ʻana manatee Ma ke kiʻi lele pinepine ʻo ia me nā limahana e hānai ana i ka holoholona, i nā kiʻi ʻē aʻe a ka "ʻelemakule" e nānā ai i nā malihini me ka hoihoi. He kumuhana punahele ʻo Snooty no ke aʻo ʻana i ka mākau a me ka hiki ke aʻo i kekahi ʻano.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
- ʻO ka nui nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o ka manatee ʻo 1 ton 775 kg;
- ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka manatee i kekahi manawa hiki i 4.6 m, eia nā helu moʻohelu;
- I ka wā o ke ola, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka nui o nā makahiki o kēia māmala kai. Ma hope o ka make, helu ka poʻe loea i ka nui o nā apo o nā apo i ulu i nā pepeiao o ka manatee, ʻo kēia ke ʻano o ka makahiki e hoʻoholo ʻia ai.
- I ka makahiki 1996, ua hōʻea ka huina o ka manatees-i loaʻa i ka "ʻulaʻula" i 150. ʻO kēia ka nui o nā lilo o ka lehulehu i loko o kahi manawa pōkole;
- Manaʻo kekahi poʻe he lua ko ka manatees ma ko lākou kua e like me ke kohola. He kuhi hewa kēia! Hanu ka holoholona i loko o kona mau puka ihu ke puka ʻo ia i luna. Lulu, hiki iā ia ke pani i kēia mau lua i ʻole e komo ka wai i loko o lākou;
- Ke hoʻolilo kahi holoholona i kahi nui o ka ikehu, pono e puka i kēlā me kēia 30 kekona;
- Ma Florida, aia kekahi mau hihia o ka hoʻolōʻihi lōʻihi ʻana o nā bipi kai: ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau minuke.
- I loko nō o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēia mau mea he herbivores, ʻaʻole lākou e noʻonoʻo ke komo nā invertebrates a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi i loko o ko lākou waha me nā limu;
- I nā kūlana koʻikoʻi, hoʻomohala nā ʻōpio i ka wikiwiki a 30 mau kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola, eia nō naʻe he "heihei sprint" ma nā wahi pōkole.
