Ua palahalaha nā duck Merganser ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻike nui ʻia i kēlā me kēia mea ʻume holoholona. Hōʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka laha i ka hāmeʻa o ka nuku, ka nui nui, nā plumage ʻōlinolino. ʻErgpala Merganser mai ka hui o nā manu luʻu - kahi noho o ka muliwai, ʻoluʻolu i nā mea aloha i nā holoholona lōhiu i nā wahi like ʻole o ko mākou ʻāina.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Nui nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka lāhui, noho nā mergansers ʻokoʻa i ka nui o nā ʻāina he nui. ʻO nā mea e hoʻohui nei nā ʻano biola, nā ʻanoʻai, nā ʻano a me nā nohona. Kahi hiʻohiʻona anatomical laulaha i loko o nā manu wai.
- kahi nuku elongated, ʻo ka nui i ʻoi aku i ka awelika o nā congeners - a i 50 knm.
- ʻĀʻī lōʻihi;
- kahi kiko ma ke poʻo o ka hulu, i hana ʻia i kahi ala kūikawā;
- kinona kino elongated;
- eheu kihi;
- poepoe pōkole;
- nā wāwae pōkole, ka manamana hope e pili ana i ka membrane ili ākea.
Hoʻololi nā kūmole Duck mai nā ʻano a i nā ʻāpana. Aia kekahi ʻano o kēlā me kēia kanaka, ʻo ka nui o ia mea ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.7 kg, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka like ʻana o nā geese liʻiliʻi me nā gisa liʻiliʻi, nona ka nui o 1.5-2 kg. Hoʻopiʻi ka nui nui i nā mea ʻimi holoholona e ʻimi holoholona ana ma nā kapa muliwai. Hiki i ka ʻūheu o kekahi mau kānaka i kahi mika, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 60-65 cm.
ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano o ka nuku i nā manu o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka merganser, ka mea nona ka meaʻai ka meaʻai nui, he papa kūikawā e hāʻawi i ka kānana meaʻai. ʻO nā ʻano pākī, hānai pinepine i nā iʻa, lako ʻia me nā pā i hoʻololi ʻia i mau niho liʻiliʻi ma nā kihi o ka nuku no ka paʻa ʻana a me ka ʻoki ʻana i ka mea pio.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kaulana o nā manu ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "aniani" - kahi keʻokeʻo ma kēlā ʻēheu o kēlā a me kēia ʻēhe. I kahi lele lewa, ʻike maopopo ʻia ia i ke kua hina hina hina. ʻUlaʻula ʻulaʻula ka nuku o ka merganser. ʻO ke kala kupaianaha o ka plumage hiki i ka expressiveness nui loa i ka wā puna, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau moʻo.
Lilo ke poʻo o ka merganser kāne i ʻeleʻele hohonu, ke poʻo o ka ʻāʻī i hōʻailona ʻia me ka sheen metallic green. ʻO ke kua mai ka ʻāʻī a i ka hiʻu e hoʻololi i ke kala ʻeleʻele i ka malu māmā o ka hina. Keʻokeʻo ka ʻaoʻao lalo o ka ʻāpō, me kahi aniani ʻākala i nā wahi.
ʻOkoʻa iki nā wahine wahine Merganser mai ka drakes i ke kala o ka plumage, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka malu ʻulaʻula o ka ʻāʻī, kahi kua māmā. I ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, nalowale ke ʻōlinolino o nā waihoʻoluʻu i ka ʻaʻahu o nā ʻāpala, lilo ka plumage i puʻupuʻu, haʻi ʻole, kūlike i ke kau o ka ua a me nā paʻi anuanu.
Mālama mau nā Mergansers i nā pālua, kahi e hui pū i nā hui liʻiliʻi. Nui nā hipa, e like me nā tausani manu, hana ʻia no ka hoʻoilo wale nō. Hoʻolilo nā manu i ke kau anuanu e pili ana i nā ʻano pae.
Noho lākou no ka hoʻoilo i nā wahi me nā kino wai kū ʻole, neʻe i nā ʻāina mehana, i kekahi manawa loaʻa lākou ma kahakai o ke kai Azov. E ola, hoʻopulapula lākou i nā pūʻā nui. Ma ka honua, neʻe nā mergansers me kahi ala hele a "duck" maʻamau, e heʻe ana mai kekahi ʻaoʻao a i kekahi ʻaoʻao. I ka wai a i ka lele ʻana, kūpaʻa lākou a manuahi hoʻi, nā ʻauʻau ʻauʻau maikaʻi a me nā pepa lele.
Nā ʻano
I ka genus o mergansers, ʻokoʻa ʻeono mau ʻano, a he ʻehā i ʻike ʻia ma Rūsia.
- ʻuʻuku, a i ʻole waiwai pio;
- nui merganser;
- ihu loloa (medium);
- scaly.
Noho nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka Brazil a me ka crigger merganser i United States a me Brazil. Pau ka laha o ka merganser Auckland. Noho ka ʻūlū ma Nūhōlani a hiki i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā puaʻa hihiu a me nā kao i laila. I kēia manawa, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā manu ukana wale nō i nā hale hōʻikeʻike kūloko.
Merganser liʻiliʻi (snot). ʻO kahi manu liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka congeners i ka nui. ʻO 50-700 g wale nō ke kaupaona, he mea laha ʻole ke kaupaona ʻana o 800-900 g. Ua hoʻonani ʻia ka manu me kahi keu ākea ma ke kua o ke poʻo.
Aia nā pūnaewele pūnaewele i ka wahi nahele o Siberia, Karelia, ka Hikina Hema, a me ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Lūkia. Makemake nā Duck i nā panalāʻau e pili ana i nā kahawai nui, nā loko wai ʻo wai wai me ka wai hou.
I ka hoʻoilo, ʻike lākou ma kahakai o ka Moana ʻEleʻele a me Caspian, ma nā ʻāina o Central Asia, Iapana, a me Kina. Mālama nā manu noho ma ka lihi o ka hau, i ka wai pāpaʻu hau ʻole.
Kū ka lole hānau o nā kāne me kahi hui nani o ke kala keʻokeʻo lehu me kahi ʻano ʻeleʻele, aniani bluish ma nā ʻaoʻao. Nuku, nā wāwae o ka malu kēpau. Aia nā kiko ʻeleʻele ma lalo o nā maka. ʻO nā lole o nā wahine he ʻōmaʻomaʻo hina me kahi pāpale kalakala-brown ma ko lākou poʻo.
Hoʻomaka ka moena o nā mergansers liʻiliʻi i ka wā o ka hibernation; lele lākou i nā pūnana i nā pālua i hana ʻia. Noho nā pahele i nā pūnana i waiho ʻia e nā manu ʻē aʻe. Mālama nā kāne i kā lākou ʻāʻī a kau ka hua hope, a laila lele lākou e hoʻoheheʻe. Hoʻokomo pinepine nā wahine i kā lākou mau keiki, akā i nā hua o nā gogol pili.
Merganser nui... Kāhea ʻia kahi ʻāpō i kāna wahi i noho ai he cormorant, he lāʻau bison ʻulaʻula. I Lūkia, loaʻa ka moa wai ma nā kahawai pālahalaha, nā loko hāmama o nā Urals Hema, Altai, Sakhalin, Kamchatka.
Makemake i ka wai hou, hōʻalo i nā kahakai kai. Hoʻomaopopo ka inoa o nā laha i ka nui o ka ʻāpō - ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 kg. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā kāne ka ʻole o kahi ʻāpana.
ʻO ke poʻo ʻeleʻele, drake ʻāʻī me ka sheen metallic kupaianaha. Keʻokeʻo nā ʻaoʻao, ʻōpū, a me kahi o nā ʻeheu. ʻO nā wahine, ʻokoʻa ka drake, he poʻo ʻulaʻula. Ma waena o nā mergansers nui, ʻekolu mau mea ʻokoʻa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia: maʻamau, ʻAkau ʻAmelika, Himalayan. Loaʻa nā mea ʻelua i ko mākou ʻāina.
Merganser ihu lōʻihi (waena). ʻO kahi ʻano manu lele i hiki ʻole ke alakaʻi i kahi nohona noho. Merganser waena pālahalaha i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, ma nā mokuʻāina ʻo Baletika, ma ka Peninsula Scandinavian.
I Rūsia, loaʻa ia ma Siberia, ma nā mokupuni ʻo Solovetsky, ma Karelia, nā Ural. Merganser ihu lōʻihi makemake ʻo ia i nā kapakai kai, nā loko wai tundra, nā mokupuni. 'Auʻau a me ka luʻu maikaʻi loa. Ua pena ʻia ka drake poʻo ʻeleʻele i nā leo hina-ʻeleʻele me kahi ʻēheu keʻokeʻo e holo ana ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka manu.
Ma ke kua o ke poʻo kahi kikoho lua. ʻEleʻele ʻeleʻele nā wahine, me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka leo māmā a me nā leo ʻeleʻele. ʻOkoʻa ka merganser waena mai kāna mau congeners e kahi moʻomeheu moena waiwai me ka hoʻohuʻu ʻana i ke poʻo i ka wai, ka pīpī ʻana, ka pīpī ʻana i kona mau ʻeheu.
Merganser pākuʻi ʻia... ʻO kahi manu manuahi kahi noho ma ke kahakai o ke kai Bering, ʻike ʻia ia ma nā kahawai mauna ma Kina, Manchuria. Koho ka ʻūlū i nā wahi noho i nā iʻa, i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā ululāʻau coniferous a deciduous. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hulu maikaʻi o nā hulu maikaʻi ma mua o nā mergansers pili.
ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻeleʻele o ke kala i loaʻa i kahi ʻano ʻoliva, a ʻo ka ʻāpana māmā he ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. Pili ka inoa me ke kuapo o nā ʻāhinahina hina keʻokeʻo ma ke kua e like me nā unahi mai kahi mamao. I ka Red Book, ua helu ʻia ka scg merganser me ke kūlana o "endangered species". ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka heluna kanaka ma mua o 1.5 tausani manu.
ʻO Merganser Brazil... Hinahina ka waihoʻoluʻu, lehu, poʻo, ʻāʻī, hope o kahi malu ʻeleʻele. ʻOi aku ka drake ma mua o ka wahine. Mālama mau lākou i ka ʻāina, akā ʻai wale lākou i nā mea i loaʻa i ka wai. Mālama ʻia nā manu liʻiliʻi i ka paka aupuni o Brazil, aia ma ka ʻaneʻane o ka make. ʻO ka helu nui ma lalo o 260 manu o kēia ʻano.
Merganser huluhulu... ʻAʻole hiki ke huikau i kēia laha me nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe, he kumu maoli nō ia. Piʻi ka piko ākea loa ma ke poʻo o ka manu, e wehe hou aʻe i ka wā o ka moena. I nā kāne, ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo ke kala o nā mea hoʻonaninani, a i nā wahine ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi ʻano pālū ma ʻAmelika ʻAkau ma kahakai o nā loko nahele a me nā kahawai pālahalaha.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Hāʻawi kahi ʻano o nā ʻāpana i nā mergansers e mālama i kahi ʻano nui, e alakaʻi i kahi nohona noho a me ka nohona. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hui pū me nā ʻāpō i ʻAmelika Hema, ma ka panalāʻau o Central a me North Eurasia.
I ka puna, hiki mai ka poʻe mergansers me nā pākuʻu thawed mua ke hoʻokumu ʻia ka polynya mua - i Pepeluali, i ka mua o Malaki. Lele aku lākou ke uhi paʻa ʻia nā waihona wai i ka hau, ma ka hopena o ʻOkakopa, Nowemapa. ʻO nā lele o nā pua o nā haneli he haneli e koi i ka ikaika a me ka hoʻomanawanui o nā manu. Inā mahana ka hoʻoilo, noho mau nā waihona wai, a laila ʻaʻole e haʻalele nā manu i ko lākou mau wahi pūnana.
ʻAʻau a luu maikaʻi nā ʻano mergansers āpau. Mālama nā manu i ke kahakai o ka waihona wai i mea e peʻe ai i nā mea kanu kahakai i ka pilikia. ʻAi lākou i ka iʻa liʻiliʻi, luʻu ma hope o ia i kahi hohonu o 4 m.
Hiki i nā ʻāpō ke noho ma lalo o ka wai a hiki i 3 mau minuke, ʻauʻau ma mua o 10 m. I kahi huli maʻamau, pono ka merganser i 15-30 kekona e hopu i hoʻokahi iʻa. Holo wikiwiki nā manu, e huli i ka huli, e hōʻike ana i ka maneuverability maikaʻi loa.
Nui nā ʻano pākī i makemake i ka wai hou mai nā loko a me nā kahawai. Koho ʻia nā kino wai o uka e ka merganser no ka maʻemaʻe, ka nui o nā meaʻai. Pono nā manu i nā kapakai ulu lāʻau no ka pūnana ʻana, ʻoiai koho pinepine nā mergansers i nā puha kahiko, nā pūnana i haʻalele ʻia o nā manu ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā moa.
Ke hoʻonohonoho ʻana no nā manu, he mea nui ka hakahaka no ka hemo ʻole ʻana o ka hana, no laila makemake ka merganser nui e noho i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe. Noho ke ʻano o ka merganser ihu lōʻihi i ke kahakai. Ma nā wahi insular, mālama kokoke nā ʻāpō i nā wahi pōhaku kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke peʻe i ka weliweli.
Hoʻohui manu i ka wā molting. Hōʻuluʻulu nā hipa nui, ma ke ʻano he kokoke i nā wai o kekahi mau kānaka he mau kakini. Manu Merganser, kekahi o nā ʻano i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka Buke Ula o Lūkia. Me kahi helu paʻa o nā mergansers ihu nui a lōʻihi hoʻi, ʻae ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana no lākou ma nā wahi āpau i ka puna.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻO ke kumu o ka papaʻai o ka merganser ka meaʻai holoholona. ʻO ka ʻimi pīpī e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka iʻa a me ke ola wai ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa nā ʻano nui o nā mergansers i ka salmon, ka pike, ka trout, ka roach, ka barbus, ka hina. ʻAi ka poʻe liʻiliʻi i ka iʻa liʻiliʻi.
Kūlou iki ke kihi serrated o ka nuku o nā ʻeke i loko. Hāʻawi kēia hiʻohiʻona iā ʻoe e hoʻokuʻu i ka wai, e mālama pono i nā pio. Hiki i ka Merganser ke hāpai maʻalahi i ka pike, ka puhi a 20 cm ka lōʻihi.
I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mea pio, hohonu ke poʻo o ka ʻāpō. Ke ʻike ʻia kahi kula iʻa, luʻu ka merganser, neʻe wikiwiki i ka pahu hopu. Hoʻopau kahi ʻimi kūleʻa me ka lawaiʻa, ka nui o 15-25 cm. ʻO kekahi poʻe kamaʻāina o nā waihona wai i lilo i meaʻai na nā merganser:
- nā mea kolo wai;
- pūpū;
- larvae, pupae;
- crustaceans;
- ilo
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka merganser kā lākou hoʻopili meaʻai i nā poʻe wai, ʻoiai hilinaʻi nā manu, pūnana i ka ʻāina, i nā lua o nā mea kanu. I nā wahi hoʻoilo, ʻākoakoa nā duck ma kahakai, hānai i ke ola kai i ka wai pāpaʻu, hānai, mea kanu wai, e nānā no nā mollusks a me nā crustacea liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā limu.
Hoʻopilikia ka hoʻāla i ka iʻa i ka pilau o ka ʻono puaʻa. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe hahai holoholona he kūpono ʻole ka merganser no ka meaʻai ma ke ʻano he pāʻani. Hoʻomaka ka Duck e kiʻi i kā lākou meaʻai ma hope o kekahi mau lā mai ka hānau ʻana.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā keiki moa i ko lākou mākaukau hahai holoholona ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a kahi ʻēpē makuahine. ʻO Merganser i ke kiʻi i ka wā o ka ʻimi holoholona, he mea hoʻomākeʻaka ke nānā aku, ke ʻike wale ʻia ke kua o ke kino o ka ʻāpala ma luna o ka wai.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻO ke koho ʻana o kahi paʻa ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā pūnana ma mua o ka lele ʻana i kahi e noho ai. Hoʻopiha ke kaʻina hana drake me nā hana kupaianaha - e hulahula ana i ka wai. ʻAʻau ke kāne kāne i mua o kāna mea i wae ʻia, kaomi i kona umauma i ka wai, e hoʻoluli ikaika i kona poʻo. Me nā pale oi o kona mau ʻeheu, haki ʻo ia i ka ʻili, kū ʻaneʻane i luna e hoʻokipa i ka manaʻo o ka wahine. Hele pū nā neʻe me nā leo nui.
Koho ka paʻa paʻa i kahi no ka pūnana. Hoʻokani ʻia ke alakaʻi alakaʻi i ka ʻimi e ka wahine, ʻo ia pū kekahi me ka pūnana. ʻIke nā manu i kahi kūpono i loko o kahi ana o aspen, alder, willow, hale haʻalele, ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kahawai. ʻO nā mea no ke kūkulu ʻana he lālā, nā lau, nā hulu. Hāʻalo ka wahine i lalo mai kāna poli e hoʻonohonoho i ka pūnana.
Loaʻa i ka Clutch nā hua he 12-16. ʻIke ʻia i nā lālau nui o nā manu nui a i 40 mau hua. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana i hoʻokahi mahina. Haʻalele nā kāne, ʻaʻole i komo i ka hana. Ma hope o ka hatching, nā ʻōpala, ʻo pubescent, me ko lākou makuahine i kahi pūnana mahana no ʻelua mau lā.
A laila mai ka puka mua e hāhai lākou i ka waihona wai, ʻauʻau a hoʻāʻo e luʻu. ʻO ka ʻimi holoholona no nā pēpē ka hopu mua ʻana i nā kolo i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu, akā ma hope o hoʻokahi pule pēpē merganser manu pēpē hoʻomaka e ʻimi i ka ʻai, loaʻa ka wikiwiki i ka neʻe. Neʻe lākou i nā kolamu, me ke kuʻikahi, i ka ʻike ʻana i ka mea pio, hoʻāʻo lākou i ko lākou lima i ka lawaiʻa.
ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kū ʻana o nā ʻūlū ma ka ʻeheu. Ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻelua mau mahina mai ka hānau ʻana, hoʻomākaukau nā moa no ka lele mua, a loaʻa ke kūʻokoʻa piha i nā ʻōpio i ʻekolu mau mahina. ʻO nā lāhui migratory i ka haku ʻana i nā ʻano hana lele ma mua iki o ko lākou ʻohana sedentary. Lilo nā ʻōpio mergansers i ke ʻano moekolohe ma o ʻelua mau makahiki wale nō.
ʻO ka nui o ke ola o nā ʻeke merganser ma kahi o 15 mau makahiki. Noho iki nā ʻano sedentary ma mua o ka poʻe migratory. Noho i ka noho pio ʻana, i kahi i pale ʻia, hoʻonui i ke ola o nā manu e 3-5 mau makahiki.
ʻAʻole hoihoi wale nā ʻāpā Tufted i nā kiaʻi manu a me nā mea ʻimi holoholona. Hauʻoli kēlā me kēia mea aloha holoholona e hui aku i kēia manu e hōʻike ana e hoʻonani ana i ko mākou mau ala wai a me nā ululāʻau.
