Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Muskrat - He rodent hihiu liʻiliʻi kēia e kaupaona ana ma kahi o hoʻokahi a hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kilokika a i ʻole he mea hou aʻe. Ma waho o ka inoa nui, ua loaʻa iā ia ka inoa kapakapa o kaʻiole musk. ʻO ke kumu i loko o kahi mea kūikawā i hūnā ʻia e kāna mau momona me kahi ʻala musk ikaika. I ke kūlohelohe, kahakaha ʻo ia i nā palena o kāna mau waiwai me lākou, ʻoiai ʻaʻole makemake nui ʻo ia i ke komo ʻana o nā ʻohana ma ka ʻāina āna i noho ai a ʻaʻole hiki ke kū i nā malihini.
ʻO kona ʻāina hānau mōʻaukala ʻo ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, kahi i manaʻo ai ka poʻe ʻōiwi mākaʻikaʻi iā ia he kaikaina liʻiliʻi o ka beaver, a i kekahi manawa kapa ʻia ʻo "rabbit wai". A ʻaʻole me ke kumu ʻole. ʻOiai nā meaolaola, kūlike ʻole i ka poʻe Indians akamai, e hoʻokau i kēia lunamakaʻāinana o ka honua honua i nā ʻohana pili o voles a hoʻokau ʻia i ka ʻohana Khomyakov.
Ma ʻEulopa, kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai kēlā mau mea ola ma mua o 1905, ua lawe mua ʻia ka muskrat no ka hoʻoulu hānai. ʻO ke kumu he hulu nani, mānoanoa, fluffy, manoanoa a ʻōlinolino hoʻi, ke loaʻa nei nā waiwai ʻoluʻolu loa e komo.
No laila, ua hoihoi loa nā mea kālepa enterprising o ka ʻāina i ka manaolana o ka mining ʻili muskrat, a me ka hiki ke hoʻohana ākea i kēia mau mea maka i ka hana ʻana i nā lole: humuhumu i nā lole komo a nani hoʻi, nā pūliki, nā pāpale a me nā kapa huluhulu.
No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kā mākou mau hoʻolālā, ma ka Lepupalika Czech, ʻehā mau mile kakini mai Prague, kekahi mau koʻokoʻo like, i loaʻa ma mua i Alaska, ua hoʻokuʻu wale ʻia a waiho ʻia i ka nāhelehele i nā loko iʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā kūlana kūpono no lākou.
A ma laila, i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, ua aʻa pono lākou, noho a hoʻomāhuahua wikiwiki loa ʻia ma muli o kā lākou momona. Akā ʻo kēia hana i hana ʻia e ka ʻepekema o ka ʻepekema, lilo wale ia i mea nui mua o ka noho hou ʻana, no ka mea ua ukali ka poʻe ʻē aʻe iā ia. Eia kekahi, hoʻolaha nā holoholona i ka wikiwiki wikiwiki i ka ʻāina o ʻEulopa Komohana, ʻaʻole me ke komo ʻole o ke kanaka.
No laila, ma hope o ʻelua mau makahiki, ua lilo nā muskrats i lālā maʻamau o ka honua holoholona o ka Old World a me nā mea maʻamau i nā wahi noho o kahi ʻāina i hou iā lākou. A ma Rūsia, kahi i pau ʻole ai nā holoholona i ka manawa wale nō, i ka hopena o nā 40s o ke kenekulia i hala ua manaʻo ʻia lākou nā mea kalepa nui a me nā squirrels a me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka piʻipiʻi homeola primordial, nona nā ʻili i kūpono ke ʻano o ka waiwai.
Eia nō naʻe, ma kahi o nā pōmaikaʻi, ua hōʻeha nui nā "poʻe neʻe" ʻAmelika i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ke kanaka a me kona olakino. ʻO nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka nohona o kēia mau mea ola a me nā maʻi a lākou e hoʻolaha ai.
Eia hou, ua hoʻomau nā holoholona i kā lākou neʻe ʻana i ka hikina a ua ʻāpono koke ke aʻa ma ka mokuna o Mongolia, Korea a me Kina, kahi e noho nei lākou, a ma Iapana hoʻi, kahi i lawe ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia e like me ka hoʻolālā hoʻonohonoho.
I kēia manawa e wehewehe he aha ke ʻano o ka muskrat... He hapalua kēia o ka mea wai, i kūpono kūpono i kahi i hōʻike ʻia. A hōʻike ʻia kēia e nā kikoʻī he nui o ka helehelena o kēia mea ola.
ʻO nā ʻāpana a pau o kona kino, e hoʻomaka ana me kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi me ka mux elongated a me ka ʻāʻī kokoke e ʻike ʻole ʻia, a ke hoʻopau nei me kahi torso hoʻonui ʻia (ke ʻano o ka streamline, e like me kahi rocket), ua hoʻolālā ʻia e ka kūlohelohe i mea e hoʻopau pono ai i ka wai.
ʻO nā pepeiao o nā holoholona me nā iwi ʻole, aneane hūnā loa ʻia e ka hulu; kau ka maka i luna, liʻiliʻi, i ka wā e ʻauʻau ai, ʻaʻole komo ka wai i loko o kēia mau mea nui. ʻO kahi huelo lōʻihi, pālahalaha mai nā ʻaoʻao, nona ka nui e like me ka nui o ka mea hoʻokipa ponoʻī, hāʻawi ʻia me kahi keu o nā lauoho lōʻihi lōʻihi ma lalo, a ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe ua uhi ʻia me nā huluhulu ākea a me nā unahi liʻiliʻi.
Ma ka hoʻokolokolo pono ʻana, ma nā wāwae hope, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā membrane ʻauʻau me nā māiʻuʻu. ʻO ke ʻano kūikawā o ka hulu hipa e hoʻoulu wai ia. I ka hoʻoilo, he ʻeleʻele kona: ʻeleʻele, chestnut a i ʻole brown, akā i ke kau mahana, keʻokeʻo ke keʻokeʻo, hiki ke lilo i ka ocher a i like paha ke kala.
Hoʻolahalaha ke koko o kēia mau mea ola i loko o ke kino i kahi ala kūikawā, kahi e kōkua ai i kona kahe ʻana i ka hiʻu a me nā lālā, no ka mea pono lākou e mehana mau ma ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka wai.
Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻopiha ʻia me hemoglobin ma mua o ka maʻamau maʻamau, a kōkua kēia i nā holoholona no ka manawa lōʻihi me ka hōʻino ʻole o ke olakino i ka hohonu o ka waihona me ke komo ʻole o ka ea.
Pololei ka poʻe India, like ka muskrats me nā beaver i loko o kā lākou maʻamau a me nā hiʻohiʻona o waho. A ʻo kekahi o lākou ke ʻano o nā incisors e hele i waho o ka lehelehe, me he mea lā, ua māhele ʻia i ʻelua.
A kōkua ia i kēia mau mea me ka hāmama ʻole o ka waha, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻuʻu o lākou i nā mea ulu ma lalo o ka wai me ka ʻole o ka choking ʻO nā kikoʻī kikoʻī o ka hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau lālā o ke aupuni kūlohelohe hiki ke ʻike ʻia e ka nānā ʻana muskrat i ke kiʻi.
Nā ʻano
No ka manawa mua, ua wehewehe ʻia kēia holoholona, he rodent semi-aquatic nui, i ka makahiki 1612. ʻO kēia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma ʻAmelika, no ka mea ma ʻEulopa ʻaʻole i loaʻa kēlā mau holoholona i kēlā mau manawa lōʻihi a ʻaʻole nō i ʻike ʻia.
A ua hana ka ʻepekema ʻo K. Smis i loko o kāna puke "Map of Virginia". Ma hope mai, ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau meaola i ka subfamily of voles, a ke manaʻo ʻia nei lākou nā lunamakaʻāinana nui loa, no ka mea, ma kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ko lākou nui i 36 cm, ʻoiai ua liʻiliʻi lākou.
I ka manawa a lākou i hoʻāʻo ai e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia genus i ʻekolu mau ʻano, a me kahi helu nui o nā subspecies. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā hui i koho ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano. A ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i nā ʻokoʻa nui, ua hāʻawi ʻia lākou i nā ʻano lehulehu wale wale nō, a, e like me ka genus, loaʻa iā lākou ka inoa: muskrats.
ʻO kēia mau holoholona, ʻoi aku, ʻano like ke nānā aku me nā otters a me ka nutria, no laila maʻalahi ka maʻalahi o kahi mea amateur e huikau iā lākou. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā lunamakaʻāinana ʻekolu i haʻi ʻia o ka honua honua e noho kokoke i nā kino wai a lilo i hapa nui o ko lākou ola i loko o lākou.
Akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nutria, a ʻo nā otters ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā muskrats, akā lokomaikaʻi hoʻi, he ʻāʻī lōʻihi a ʻaʻole hoʻi e like me nāʻiole, akā e like me nā pōpoki wai pepeiao ʻole me nā wāwae pōkole.
Ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ko lākou ʻāina kūpuna, muskrat holoholona pālahalaha kokoke i nā wahi āpau. ʻAʻole ulu wale ia ʻano mea, akā unpretentious loa hoʻi a hoʻopili me ka wikiwiki o ka uila i nā ʻano loli o ka honua a puni.
No laila, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli iki ka hoʻopau ʻana i kēia laha olaola. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua ʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻo ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau mea ola ka mea hiki ke hana hou i kekahi manawa, nā hoʻoliʻiliʻi koʻikoʻi a me ka ʻoi.
Hiki iā lākou ke hana i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia mau makahiki he ʻumi a ʻoi pinepine paha. Akā hoʻomaka koke kahi spher ulu hou a ʻo ka helu o kēia mau holoholona ma ka honua ke ola palekana nei. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i wehewehe ʻia nā kumu o kēia mau fluctuations i ka nui o ka heluna kanaka.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Nā waihona wai ma nā kapa wai o ola ka muskrat hiki ke lilo i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa loa: nā muliwai wai hou, ʻelua me kahi au nui a lohi paha, nā loko, a me nā loko wai kū ʻole a me nā kahawai, pinepine pinepine, akā kūpono loa no nā holoholona a me nā brackish.
ʻO ke alo o nā mea kanu e pili ana i nā mea kanu, nā wai ma lalo a me ke kahakai, he mea nui ia, e hāʻawi ana i kahi e hilinaʻi ai a me ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole hopohopo nui kēia mau lunamakaʻāinana i nā mahana haʻahaʻa, no ka mea, he aʻa maikaʻi nā muskrats a hiki i Alaska, akā ʻo ka mea nui ʻaʻole paʻa ka wai hoʻopakele i ka hoʻoilo.
E like me ka beaver, noʻonoʻo pono kēia mau mea ola i nā mea kūkulu hale hana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole mākaukau loa lākou, no ka mea ʻaʻole kūkulu nā muskrats i nā pā wai, eia nō naʻe, kūkulu lākou i mau hale lepo mai nā mea kanu: nā lū, nā ʻohe, nā ʻohe a me nā mauʻu ʻē aʻe i paʻa pū ʻia e ka silt.
Ma waho, he poepoe kēia, i kekahi manawa kūkulu ʻelua papahele, i nā hanana kūikawā a hiki i ke anawaena ʻekolu mika ma ke kumu a piʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi kanaka liʻiliʻi. Kukulu pinepine na hale kuewa, liilii iki lakou.
A ʻeli nō hoʻi kēia mau mea ola i nā ʻūlū pali o ka lua me nā tunnels intricate, me ka puka hohonu hohonu loa o ka wai. I kekahi manawa pili lākou i nā hanana o luna, akā i kekahi mau manawa he hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa lākou.
ʻO nā mea i hōʻike ʻia, e ʻauʻau me ka maikaʻi, ʻoiai ma ka ʻāina he kōkua ʻole a palaka hoʻi, ʻeleu loa i ko lākou ola, a ikaika loa i nā hola i hala a me ke ahiahi. Noho lākou i nā hui pili nui, kahi e noho aliʻi ai ka homebuilding a me ka monogamy.
Noho ia mau ʻohana i kekahi panalāʻau (kahi hoʻolālā ma kahi o 150 m ka lōʻihi) a kiaʻi pono iā ia, me ka pīhoihoi nui. Hoʻomākaukau loa ke ola o kēia mau mea i hoʻonohonoho i nā papa hanai kūikawā no ka ʻai ʻana i nā puʻupuʻu. A i ke kaʻina o ka ʻai, hoʻohana lākou i ke kelepona paʻalima, e like me nā lima kanaka, nā ʻūlū mua me nā manamana lima lōʻihi.
Holo no muskrat alakaʻi ʻia ʻaʻole wale e ka poʻe, no ka mea, ʻo kēia mau mea ola, ma muli o kā lākou momona, lilo i mea nui o ka papaʻai no ka nui o nā mea ʻaihue. Clumsy ma ka ʻāina, clumsy hoʻi ma muli o ke kū ʻana o nā lālā pōkole a me kahi huelo nui e hoʻopilikia i ka neʻe ʻana, lilo nā muskrats i maʻalahi no nā bea, nā puaʻa ʻāhiu, nā ʻīlio hae a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
A mai ka lani mai hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka ʻia e kahi hawk, manuahi a me nā manu koko ʻē aʻe. Akā i ka wai he ʻano dexterous a ʻano palupalu kēlā mau holoholona. Eia nō naʻe, i loko o kēia mea mālama, nā mink, otter, pikes nui a me nā alligators e moe mau nei no lākou.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻO ka meaʻai i ka papaʻai o kēia mau mea ola ka mea nui o ka mea kanu, a he picky loa nā holoholona e pili ana i ke koho ʻana i nā pā. ʻOi kikoʻī, pili ia i ka wahi o ka noho. Muskrat muliwai ʻai i nā greens aquatic a me kahakai me kona mau kūmole a me nā aʻa me ka leʻaleʻa.
ʻO Cattail, nā līlia wai, nā lio, nā ʻohe, elodea, ka haneri, ua lilo ka wati i mea leʻaleʻa punahele. I ke kauwela, a i ke kauwela, ʻokoʻa a waiwai loa ke koho ʻana o nā mea kanu. Ma ke ala, mahalo kēlā mau holoholona i nā mea kanu, inā, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma kahi kokoke i ka nohona. A i ka pūnāwai, ʻo nā kīʻaha nui ka mau ʻohe mauʻu, nā sedges, nā wana hou o nā kumulāʻau.
Akā i ka hoʻoilo, hiki mai kahi manawa paʻakikī paʻakikī. ʻAʻole hibernate kēia poʻe noho wai, akā ʻaʻole lākou ʻike i ke kaumaha, ke mālama nei i nā lako meaʻai ma mua. Aia nō ia mau wahi e mālama ai i nā wahi kai ma lalo loa o ka wai. Hoʻohui ʻia, nānā nā muskrats i nā aʻa o ka flora lalo kai ma lalo.
Ke holo a pau ka mea kanu mea kanu, hoʻohana ʻia ka meaʻai holoholona: ʻoki o ka muliwai, iʻa hapa make, crustacea, ʻāpā wai, molluscs. Akā inā paʻa paʻa loa ka meaʻai, he aha ka mea a ka muskrat e ʻai ai i nā manawa paʻakikī? A laila, i ka mua, hoʻomaka nā holoholona e ʻūnū i nā paia o ko lākou mau hale i hana ʻia me nā mea kanu.
ʻO kēia mau ʻelele o ka holoholona he mau mua kekahi o ka cannibalism, no ka mea he ʻano hakakā lākou a koa loa. ʻO ka pinepine, hana nā koa liʻiliʻi i nā hoʻouka i lalo o ka wai, me ka kānalua ʻole e hoʻohana i kā lākou mea kaua kūlohelohe: nā niho nui a me nā māiʻuʻu ʻoi.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hoʻomaopopo ke ʻano o ka hakakā ʻana o kēia mau holoholona ke pili i ka hānau ʻana. Ua lilo nā kāne i mea hoʻomaka a i komo i nā hakakā koko me nā hoa paio. No laila, hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻokaʻawale i nā wahine a me ka ʻāina paio.
ʻElua manawa kau i nā wahi me kahi aniau maikaʻi ʻole, a i nā wahi mehana a ʻehā mau manawa o ka makahiki, he mau moa ko nā mākua ʻelua. I kēlā me kēia o lākou, hiki i ka helu o nā cubs ke ʻehiku.
Kaupaona nā pēpē ma kahi o 25 g wale nō. ʻAʻohe o lākou lauoho a hānai i ka waiū o ka makuahine ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina. Hoʻokahi mahina ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ulu ʻana a aneane piha loa a ikaika hoʻi.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou e haʻalele koke i ko lākou home makua. Hana wale kēia ma hope o ko lākou hoʻoilo mua i ka puna. Lilo nā holoholona i mākua piha ma o 7 mau mahina, i kekahi mau manawa i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki.
He paʻakikī i ke ola o ka ʻōpio a pono lākou e hakakā no ke ola kūleʻa. Eia hou, ma hope o nā mea āpau, pono e kiʻi hou i kāu kihi ponoʻī, hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻomaka i kahi ʻohana. A he nui nā ʻenemi o ia mau holoholona, e like me ko lākou ʻohana hoʻokūkū ponoʻī. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻenemi nui o kēia mau mea ke kāne.
A huki ʻia nā bipedals ʻaʻole wale e ka hulu o nā holoholona, no ka mea he waiwai kā kā lākou ʻiʻo. ʻAi paha ka muskrat? ʻOiaʻiʻo, i nā ʻāina he nui, noʻonoʻo nā mea ʻai meaʻai i nā kīʻaha i hana ʻia mai ia mea he mea ʻono. Loaʻa iā ia kaʻiʻo palupalu a palupalu, inā ʻoiaʻiʻo ua kuke ʻia ia i ke ala kūpono. Ma ke ala, ʻono iki e like me ka hare, ʻo ia ke kumu i hāʻawi ai ka poʻe India i kēia mau holoholona i ka inoa "rabbits wai".
A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ko lākou kenekulia lōʻihi; ma ke ʻano, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole ia i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā holoholona hulu hulu, ke ʻano leʻaleʻa ke nānā aku, mālama pinepine ʻia e nā mea hānai, hoʻonohonoho iā lākou i nā hale manu a me nā hīnaʻi, a ke kanu nei iā lākou i nā mahiʻai. ʻO kēia no nā ʻili a me ka ʻiʻo. Akā hana ka poʻe pā kūlohelohe iā ia no ka leʻaleʻa wale. A i ke ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, hiki i kēlā mau holoholona puaʻa unpretentious ke ola i ʻumi a ʻoi paha mau makahiki.
Holo no muskrat
I ka manawa ma mua, ʻo ka hulu o ia mau holoholona kahi moemoeā maoli o nā fashionistas. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua lokoino loa ke kālepa huluhulu iā lākou. Akā i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hoʻomaka ka emi o ka hoihoi, a ua lilo ka loaʻa kālā o ia mau ʻili i mea waiwai ʻole.
No ʻiʻo muskrat hua ʻai, i noʻonoʻo ʻia hoʻi i kekahi manawa i kahi papaʻai papaʻai makemake nui ʻia, pono no ke olakino a paipai ʻia no nā maʻi he nui. Eia naʻe, ua mae hoʻi ka hoihoi i kēia huahana. A no laila ua pau nā kuko a puni kēia mau mea ʻimi holoholona.
Akā hoʻomau ka amateurs maoli i ka moʻomeheu ʻimi holoholona no ka hapa nui no ka pīhoihoi a me ka pīhoihoi. ʻO ke ala maʻamau o ka hopu ʻana i kēia mau holoholona me kahi hei. ʻAʻole paʻakikī e hoʻokō kūleʻa i kēia hana.
Māmā maʻalahi nā muskrats i nā pahele, no ka mea ma o ko lākou ʻano hoihoi loa lākou. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻupena galvanized kūikawā no ka hei ʻana i nā holoholona. Hoʻouna pinepine ʻia lākou iā lākou me nā pū like ʻole, mai nā pu raifela i hana ʻia i ka home a hiki i nā pneumatic, ʻoiai i kēia manawa ua haʻi ʻia kēia ʻano he kānāwai ʻole.
