Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka ulana ʻana me ka lima kahi hana koʻikoʻi e koi ana i ke ahonui a me ke akamai nui. Hoʻohui nā mea ulana i nā kaula, i kekahi o lākou ma mua o kekahi, a laila hoʻolōʻihi iā lākou ma lalo o ka kolu, a, e hoʻomau ana i kēia ala, ulana pū mākou i nā loulou he nui me ke kōkua o nā pihi pohihihi.
ʻO kēia kahi e loaʻa ai nā kiʻi nui āpau a me nā mea hana maʻalahi i hana ʻia e ke kanaka. ʻO wai ka mea e manaʻo ua hoʻokele pono ʻia kēia ʻenehana e kahi liʻiliʻi mea ulana manu, no ka mea i kapa inoa ʻia kēia ma kēia ʻano.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā manu, e hōʻike ana i ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa o ka mea ulana, hana i kā lākou mea i hana ʻole ʻia mai nā pae i hana ʻia, akā mai nā olonā nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole ulana nā haku ʻēheu i ka lole a ke kūlohelohe i hāʻawi ai iā lākou. ʻO kā lākou lole hulu, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ʻole ke kapa ʻia he uila.
He akahai pinepine ia a nui i ka hina, ʻeleʻele a me nā aka ʻeleʻele, i kekahi manawa ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me nā specks liʻiliʻi, a ʻo kekahi mau ʻano wale nō nā wahi ʻulaʻula o nā kala ʻulaʻula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka melemele. Akā ʻaʻole pono kēia manu i kahi kapa komo, a no laila nākiʻi i nā hale - pūnana.
He mea lahilahi, lahilahi a kuleana kēia, no ka mea, aia i loko o kēia mau hale e ulu ai nā hanauna hou o nā hulu o nā kūlohelohe, e hoʻomaka ana ma ka poli o kona ola manuahi. ʻO nā puka lou a me nā puffs paʻa, eia kekahi, i ke ʻano kikoʻī, hana ʻia kēlā mau manu i nā hanana lauana holoʻokoʻa o ka hoʻolālā ʻano like ʻole. Hiki iā ia:
- nā hīnaʻi poepoe (kūkulu ʻia kēlā ʻano kūkulu, e laʻa me nā ʻelele o ka pale maka a me nā ʻano ahi o nā mea ulana lole);
- nā stockings-mittens lōʻihi (e ulana ʻia e nā mea ulana baya);
- Ke hoʻohihi nei i nā mauʻu mauʻu nui i nā lāʻau āpau (hana ʻia e nā mea ulana lehulehu).
Hoʻopili kēia mau mea āpau i nā lālā o nā lau nahele lāʻau a i ʻole i nā kumu o nā ʻohe, ke kau ʻia i ka lewa, ʻo ia hoʻi, aia ma waena o ka lani a me ka honua. Akā hou aʻe e pili ana i ka ʻenehana o ka pūnana ma hope, a i kēia manawa iki e pili ana i ke ʻano o kēia mau mea.
ʻO ka mea nāna i hana i nā ea "castles" i wehewehe ʻia e like me nā manu liʻiliʻi i ka nui, akā ʻaʻole wale, akā i ka helehelena, ke ʻano, ka hoʻohui, nā kūlike o ke kino. Hoʻohui ʻia, nui nā mea like me ka oatmeal a me nā finches.
A ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea, he lālā kēia mau manu āpau i ke kauoha o passerines, a no laila pili pili loa lākou. Eia nō naʻe, i ka manawa like, nui nā mea kūikawā a me kēlā me kēia mea i ke ʻano o ka mea ulana a me ke ʻano o kona ola.
Loaʻa i kēia mau manu kahi paʻa, paʻa paʻa. Kau ke poʻo a puni i ko lākou ʻāʻī pokole. Maʻemaʻe nā ʻeheu, liʻiliʻi, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia, akā ʻo ka pinepine o ka hoʻopuni ʻana i nā laina.
He ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi nā outlines o ka nuku: ua piʻo a hoʻolōʻihi ʻia, akā ʻoi aku ka pinepine o ka hanana conical. Mea ulana mele like loa i ke kani me ke kani ʻana. A no laila ua kapa ʻia kēia mau manu he manu mele - ʻo kēia ka inoa o kahi suborder o ia ʻano ʻelele o ka manu ʻēheu.
ʻAʻole kaulana nā ʻano ulana ulana no ko lākou leo mele euphonious. Hōʻoluʻolu kekahi o nā manu i ke kaomi ʻana a me ke kani ʻana o ke kani. Akā ua hoʻohālikelike nā mea hoʻohālikelike mai ka genus o nā finches a me nā wahine kāne make paradaiso i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā haʻalulu o nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ke aupuni hulu.
Nā ʻano
ʻO ka ʻohana o nā manu i hōʻike ʻia he 272 mau ʻano. ʻO ke kumu, hoʻolaha ākea nā mea ulana ma ka ʻĀinapuni ʻApelika (ʻo kēia ka ʻāina hānau olaola), akā ʻike ʻia lākou i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua: ma ka hema o ʻAsia a me ʻEulopa, ma Madagascar a me nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe o ka Moana Pākīpika a me nā moana India. ʻO kēia ke ʻano ua hoʻololi maikaʻi lākou i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa loa, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi tropical tropical a kokoke paha i kēlā ʻano.
ʻO ka mea ulana, ʻoiai ka passerine i ka nui, akā naʻe, inā kamaʻilio pololei mākou e pili ana i kēlā me kēia ʻano, hiki iā lākou ke ʻokoʻa nui i nā palena. ʻO kekahi mau lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 7 cm, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā hunahuna maoli.
Akā ulu kekahi ma kahi o ka nui o kahi thrush. Kūleʻa hoʻi nā kala o nā manu. Akā nā mea ulana āpau, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole, he haku poʻokela o ke kūkulu hale ʻana mai nā mauʻu mauʻu, nā lālā lahilahi a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
Māhele ʻia ka ʻohana i 17 lālā - genera. E noʻonoʻo e kikoʻī i kā lākou mau lunamakaʻāinana. A ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke heluhelu e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ko lākou helehelena, akā ʻike pū kekahi ma kiʻi o ka mea ulana lole.
— Nā mea ulana lehulehu (maʻamau). Loaʻa i kēia genus kahi ʻano hoʻokahi, liʻiliʻi a kākaʻikahi. ʻO nā lālā o nā kāne ʻelua ke nānā aku i ka mea like. ʻO ka plumage ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha me kahi kumu ʻeleʻele a me nā kaha keʻokeʻo.
ʻO kā lākou nuku e like me ka cone a me nā paws kahi malu o ka holika. Noho nā manu i nā uhi i nā kolone nui, e noho ana i nā panalāʻau o ʻApelika Hema, Namibia, Botswana. Kupaianaha loa ko lākou pūnana, no ka mea like me kahi hale kūkulu o ʻekolu haneli a ʻoi paha o nā keena.
Piʻi kēia mau hale a ʻelua mau mika i ke kiʻekiʻe a piʻi i 8 m ka lōʻihi. Aia ia mau hale i luna o nā kumulāʻau, a pinepine, keu hoʻi i ka wā wai pulu, loaʻa iā lākou ke kaupaona i hiki ʻole i nā lālā ke kū a hina i lalo me nā pūnana. Kūkulu kēlā mau manu i ko lākou mau hale ma nā kia telegraph.
— Mea ulana lole vevet - kekahi inoa o ka genus, kahi e pili ana i ʻelua mau kakini mau ʻano. ʻO kekahi o lākou, hoihoi loa, ka mea ulana ahi, ka mea nona ka lole huluhulu nani a nani o ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO ke kua o ka mea nui, ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana o ke kino i nā manu e melemele me ka ʻulaʻula. I ke kau moʻo, ʻo ka hapalua kāne o nā kikoʻī kikoʻī o ka lole i ʻulaʻula a i ʻalani-ʻalani, ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me ka inoa i ʻōlelo ʻia - ahi.
ʻO ka ʻōpū o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka laha, a ʻo nā kaha ma ke kua a me ke poʻo, ʻeleʻele. ʻO kēia mau mea e pili ana i 13 cm ka nui. Makemake lākou e hōʻike i ko lākou hiki leo, a no laila e tweet i ka lā holoʻokoʻa.
Noho lākou i nā pale uhi ʻApelika, maʻamau ma Seychelles, Mauritius, Madagascar. Hana nā manu i nā pūnana i ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe kokoke i nā kino o ka wai, i nā nāhelehele ʻohe, a me nā mea kanu o ke kō a me ka palaoa.
— Mīkini ulana Loaʻa ma Kenya. He mea hoʻomākeʻaka loa lākou, loaʻa kahi ʻano sociable, kahi mea e hana ai i kahi kanaka iā lākou iho. No laila, maʻalahi lākou i ka hoʻolālā a hoʻonani i nā hale o nā mea aloha kūlohelohe. ʻO kā lākou plumage ʻeleʻele-hina, kū i ke keʻokeʻo nā kuʻemaka a me nā umauma. ʻAno like kēlā mau manu me nā manu liʻiliʻi, i kūlike i ka inoa, ʻoi aku ka nui i ka nui.
— Malimbus ʻēheu ʻulaʻula... Hoʻopili kēia genus i hoʻokahi ʻano o ka inoa like. ʻO kona inoa Lūkini, kahi ʻano ʻē, ʻaʻole kūlike i nā ʻano kūwaho o kona mau lunamakaʻāinana. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha o ka hapalua kāne kāne kahi ʻulaʻula, kahi e like me kahi waihona e hūnā i ke poʻo a hiki i ka ʻāʻī.
ʻO ka nuku a me nā wāwae o nā kāne e like ke ʻano like. Akā ʻaʻole ʻulaʻula ko lākou mau ʻeheu, akā kahakaha ʻia me nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele i kahi kua melemele lepo, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ko lākou ʻōpū a me ko lākou umauma. ʻO ke kapa komo o nā wahine ʻoi aku ke akahai a nui i ka hina a me nā aka ʻeleʻele.
A ʻo ka "stocking head" wale nō a melemele kekahi mau ʻāpana o nā ʻeheu. Kūleʻa kēlā mau manu i nā ululāʻau ʻo ʻApelika tropical. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻohana he nui i ka ʻohana, keu aku lākou i ke kiʻekiʻe, lahilahi a lahilahi.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻO ka holoholona o nā kamaʻāina honua ka mākaukau o ka hana kūkulu hale ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻana o ke kanaka. A ʻo kēlā me kēia o nā hale i kūkulu ʻia e nā ʻelima, holoholona a me nā manu, kū hoʻokahi, kupaianaha a kūikawā loa hoʻi. ʻO ka pūnana a ka mea ulana lole e noʻonoʻo ʻia paha kekahi o nā mea kupaianaha o ka honua nui i noho ʻia e nā ʻano meaola like ʻole.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ke kinona o ia mau hale, akā ma nā huaʻōlelo maʻamau wale nō, no ka mea, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea i hōʻike ʻia, hiki iā lākou ke lawe i ke ʻano o nā paipu elongated, he oval a me ka pear-shaped. Akā aia kekahi mau ʻano e hana i ko lākou hale i loko o nā lua pōhaku, i nā lua o nā kānaka a me nā lua o nā lāʻau, a pēlā e hūnā nei i ko lākou wahi noho mai nā ʻenemi
ʻO nā hale i hana ʻia e nā puka o mua, nā paia a me kahi hale paʻa, nā mea āpau e like me ka mea i nā hale kūpono. ʻO nā mea nui i hoʻohana ʻia i kā lākou kūkulu ʻana he mauʻu mauʻu a me nā ʻāpana o nā lau, i humuhumu pū ʻia i kahi ala kūikawā.
No laila, hoʻomaka mau kēia kūkulu me nā hakahaka. Ma ʻaneʻi a ʻoki a ka mea ulana, e hoʻohana ana i kona maka ponoʻī a nuku me he mea pono lā. ʻO ka hope, i ka lele, lālau i kahi kahakaha, no ka laʻana, mai kahi lau pāma, a hoʻomau i ka neʻe ʻana i ka lewa, waimaka kahi ʻāpana o kahi nui kūpono.
Inā ulana ka hale mai nā olonā mauʻu, a laila hana mua ʻia kahi apo paʻa kū i luna - kahi kiʻi. Hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ia ma mua o ka lilo ʻana i kahi patch domed spherical a i ʻole ʻeke. Hāʻawi kēia i ka paia i ka paia i hope. A laila ulana ka ʻaoʻao mua mai nā olonā mea kanu, a aia ka puka i lalo ma lalo.
He mea nui ia e lawa ka nui no ka mea ulana lole e komo i loko, akā ʻaʻole nui loa i ʻole e nalo nā manu nui o nā mea pio. I kekahi manawa lawelawe ke kinona triangular i ke kumu o ka hale, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao i waho e nakinaki ʻia me nā pona kūikawā o nā ʻano like ʻole (e like me kou ʻike, ʻekolu o lākou).
ʻO ka mea nui loa no ka hapalua kāne, ke hana nei i ka hana ʻana i nā pūnana i waena o nā mea ulana, ʻo ia ke hoʻopaʻa pono i nā kaula mua loa. No kēia mea, ʻimi ka manu i kahi lālā lahilahi kūpono, a nakinaki ʻia kahi lāʻau mauʻu lōʻihi iā ia.
ʻOiai ʻo kēia hana liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole koi wale ʻoe i nā hana noʻeau nui, akā hiki ke noʻonoʻo pono ʻia he kuleana. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, hoʻokumu ʻia nā aka ʻē aʻe āpau i ka mua. A inā hana hewa ʻoe, e iho ka hana i lalo i ke kahawai. Ma ka liʻuliʻu, ua nui a nui aʻe nā pilina, a ʻo kēia ke ala ʻana o kahi masterpiece kuhikuhipuʻuone.
A ma hope wale o ka mākaukau o ka hale, pili ka wahine i ka hana, i hana ʻia i ka hoʻolālā o ka hōʻoluʻolu o loko i ka pūnana. Lako pono ʻo ia i ke kaupaku, e pale ʻole i nā kukuna lā wela o ka tropic, a laina i ka papahele me nā mea palupalu.
Hana nā mea ulana āpau o ka ʻano like i ke ʻano o ka pūnana a me ka hoʻolālā. Ua aʻo ʻia lākou i kēia e ka instinct e hana iā lākou e hana i nā ensemble kuhikuhipuʻuone, e hui pū ana i hoʻokahi manaʻo ʻuhane.
ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i nā manu e noho ana i nā kolone nui i ka uhi uhi ke hiki ke kūkulu i hoʻokahi mau haneli pūnana ma hoʻokahi acacia a i ʻole kumu baobab, i kāpae ʻia mai nā lālā, mai kahi mamao aku e like me nā hua pala.
ʻAʻole nā mea ulana a pau i noho i nā latitude tropical, ua hoʻopili ʻia kekahi mau lālā o ka ʻohana i ke ola i nā wahi mehana. Hoʻopili kēia i ka māla a me nā ʻano hale o nā manu liʻiliʻi (manaʻo ʻia nō hoʻi lākou he mea ulana). Hele aku ko lākou pae i ka ʻākau, kahi a lākou e hiki ai ke ola ma kahi kokoke o ka Arctic Circle wale nō.
Ua hāʻawi pū kekahi poʻe i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ia mau manu i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua: i nā mokupuni o ʻAkelanika a i nā wahi mamao o ka Honua Hou. He mea nui ka kokoke o ka nohona kanaka no nā mea ulana wili i hoʻoilina ʻia e noho nei ma ʻAsia a me ʻApelika. Hoʻonohonoho kekahi mau ʻano i ko lākou mau hale pono i nā keʻena o nā hale noho i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale.
Ma ka laulā, ʻaʻole pili kēia mau manu i nā kūlana nohona kūikawā. Noho maikaʻi lākou ma nā ʻāina mahiʻai, ma nā kahawai a me nā kahawai, ma nā wao nahele a me nā ʻāpana steppes, ma nā lihi ulu lāʻau, ma nā mauna a ma nā kula.
Ma ke kūlohelohe, he mea lawe lima kēia mau mea ʻēheu a he nui nā ʻano hoihoi loa, a no laila he mea hoihoi loa ke nānā aku iā lāua ʻelua i ke kūlohelohe a me ka paʻa pio, no ka mea, he nui nā ʻano manu o ia mau manu i hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia a noho i nā hale aliʻi.
ʻAiʻai Pono
Ma ʻApelika, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka homeland o nā manu, mea ulana lole i manaʻo ʻia he pest hoʻowahāwahā. A ʻaʻole makehewa, no ka mea, hiki i kēlā mau manu ke hoʻopili i ka hapa o ka hua palaoa i ulu ma ka ʻāina nui.
Mai kēia, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoholo maʻalahi ʻo kēia ʻelele o ka hulu manu he mea ulu. Ma waho o ka palaoa, ʻai kēia mau manu i nā hua a me nā ʻanoʻano. A ʻimi wale kekahi mau ʻano e hoʻokaʻaʻike i kā lākou papa kuhikuhi ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻenekia iā ia.
He mea maʻalahi ke hānai ʻana i nā holoholona ʻakaʻaka like ʻole ma ka home. Maʻaneʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano hua laulā, e laʻa, flax, rapeseed, lettuce, meadow herbs. Akā no nā keiki kēia, a ʻai nui ka lāhui nui i ka lū a me nā ʻano hemp.
Makemake nui kēlā mau manu e ʻono mai nā palaoa mogar, a mai nā cereal chumiz. I nā kūlana hoʻoilo, ʻo nā hua i kupu, nā lanahu, nā pūpū hua manu i wīwī maikaʻi loa ʻia no ka wikamina a me ka doping mineral.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
He mea kupanaha ke kūkulu nui ʻana o ka pūnana i waena o nā mea ulana i mea nui i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā makemake male. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā kāne e kāhāhā i kā lākou mau wahine ʻaʻole wale me ke mele hoihoi a me ka nani o kahi kapa hulu, i hoʻololi ʻia i nā wā hānau.
Manaʻo ʻia kahi kāne kāne mākaukau lili i kahi pōʻai o ia mau manu. No laila, nā lunamaka o kekahi mau ʻano, no ka laʻana, mea ulana lole ʻĀina, i mea e loaʻa ai kahi o ka mea i wae ʻia, ʻo ka mea mua, hōʻike lākou iā ia i kā lākou mau hale. A lanakila nā hoa hakakā me nā pūnana nani loa a maʻalahi hoʻi i ka duel.
Lawe ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale i loko o ia mau manu ma kahi o ka wikiwiki. Ma kahi o ʻelima mau lā ma hope o kona hoʻomaka ʻana, e pau ana ka hana. Ma mua o kā lākou koho ʻana, e nānā pono nā wahine i nā "kūlana o ke keʻena" i hāʻawi ʻia e nā mea hoʻopiʻi he ʻelua a ʻoi paha. A ʻo nā keonimana akamai ʻole ka noho mau ʻana i nā kēkelē laepua.
Eia hou, noho ka wahine i loko o kahi lumi hōʻoluʻolu e hoʻoulu ai i kāna mau hua manu, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā hanauna hou o nā manu. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe ona lili iki. Ma kona wahi i kahi hale hou, haʻalele ʻo ia iā ia wale nō.
A ke kūkulu nei kāna lua hapa mākaukau i kahi pūnana hou no kahi mea noi, a ma hope e holo wikiwiki paha e mālama i ke kolu. ʻO nā kāne o ia mau manu, ʻoiai he waiwai lākou, akā ʻaʻole kēia e pale iā lākou mai ka polygamous e ka manaʻo paʻa a me ke ʻano.
Ma ke ʻano laulā, i loko o ia mau mea ʻēheu, hana ʻia ka masonry a ʻekolu mau manawa o ka makahiki. A hiki i kēlā me kēia o lākou ke komo i nā hua manu ʻeono. Hoʻokomo pinepine nā makuahine iā lākou wale nō, hoʻomehana iā lākou me ko lākou mehana no ma kahi o ʻumi mau lā. A ma hope o kēia manawa, ʻōlohelohe, makapō a kōkua ʻole ulana hipa keiki... Akā hoʻomohala koke lākou, a ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa ua hoʻomaka lākou e lele.
Kupanaha ia e ka manawa i hōʻike ʻia nā lunamakaʻāinana o kekahi mau laha e lilo i moekolohe. Akā i nā mea ulana ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka wā oʻo i 8 mau mahina. He manu "oʻo" kēia, akā ʻaʻole lākou e noho i ka nāhelehele ma mua o ʻelima mau makahiki. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i loko o ke pio ʻana hiki iā lākou ke hauʻoli i kā lākou mau mea mālama nona no ka mea ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi.
