Kāhea ʻia nā ʻalike hawk o ka Old World i nā ʻalā. ʻO ka hulu lōʻihi o nā pilikua ua ʻumeʻume ka lōʻihi i nā mea ʻimi holoholona, nā mea i hoʻonaninani i kā lākou mau pahu liʻiliʻi, ko lākou mau home. ʻUltureiwi - manu me ka hiohiona hoʻopunipuni o kahi predator predator. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe mea weliweli i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻOkoʻa nā ʻano manu o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa i ke kaupaona a me ka nui. Paona nā manu liʻiliʻi he 1.5 kg wale nō, lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kino a i ka 65 knm. Paona nā kānaka nunui 12-14 kg, ʻēheu ma kahi o 3 m. Hoʻohui ʻia nā vulture āpau e ka nui, pili i ke kino, nā ʻūlū wili, nā ʻeheu ākea, kahi nuku ikaika i kūlou i lalo.
Pokole ka huelo, poepoe iki. ʻAʻohe o ke poʻo i ka poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. Ua olohelohe lākou i nā manawa āpau, me nā pelu, a i ʻole uhi paʻa ʻia i lalo i lalo. ʻO ke kino lush, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, voluminous ma muli o ka hulu he nui a i lalo. Kupaianaha nā ʻēheu nui o nā manu, ʻo ka lōʻihi o 2-2.5 mau manawa i ʻoi aku i ka lōʻihi o ke kino.
Ma ka ʻāʻī o ka manu, aia nā hulu e ʻōkeu ana i ke ʻano o ke apo i kahi ala kūikawā. No laila, mālama ka kūlohelohe i kahi huahana hoʻomaʻemaʻe e ʻae ʻole i ka manu lele i ka lepo i ka ʻoki ʻana i ka mea pio. Mālama kahi apo hulu i ke koko kahe o ka mea pio.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ke kala i ka ʻōlinolino, he hui o hina, ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo, nā kani brownish. Kū nā holoholona ʻōpio i nā aka mālamalama, nā mea kahiko - i nā kala ʻeleʻele. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā manu ʻokoʻa i ke kala a i ʻole ka nui; ʻaʻohe hiʻohiʻona kūikawā o ka dimorphism moekolohe.
Nā peculiarities o nā manu i nā paws nāwaliwali, kahi manu lele hiki ʻole ke mālama i nā mea pio. No laila, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻouka i ka ʻenemi. Akā ikaika ka nuku o ka mea ʻae, ʻae e ʻoki i nā kupapaʻu nui. ʻO kahi goiter volumous, kahi ʻōpū manu e hāʻawi i kahi manawa hoʻokahi o 4-5 kg o ka meaʻai. Hōʻike ka Physiology i ka mea ʻāpala a ka manu i ka ʻai make.
Nā ʻano
ʻAʻole pono e huikau nā Hawk vultures me nā lunamakaʻāinana ʻAmelika, i kapa ʻia ʻo nā ʻaumoku o ka Honua Hou. ʻAʻole hōʻoia ka like o ka helehelena e ka pili pili. Hiki ke kapa ʻia nā ʻohina he ʻohana o nā hawk hawk.ʻAiwi ʻAmelike kokoke loa i ka moʻokūʻauhau i nā condors.
ʻO nā mea kaulana loa he 15 mau ʻano o ka manu ʻā, e noho ana i nā wahi me nā ʻano mahana mahana. Kēlā me kēia manu lele i ke kiʻi ʻike ʻia ia e ka maka maka, kahi ʻano maʻamau. ʻAʻole ia he mea kaulike i helu ʻia nā manu i waena o nā mea totem, hāʻawi ʻia me nā waiwai kūikawā.
ʻUltureiwi Bengal. ʻO kahi predator nui me nā hulu ʻeleʻele i ʻeleʻele, nā kiko keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻeheu, undertail. Paʻa huluhulu ma ka ʻāʻī. ʻO nā pāpū, nā wahi haʻahaʻa, nā wahi kokoke i kahi e noho ai ke kanaka e ʻumeʻume ai ka manu lele ʻo Bengal. ʻO ka mea ʻekena hulu ka mea maʻamau i India, Afghanistan, Vietnam.
ʻUltureiwi ʻApelika. ʻO ke kala kalima me nā aka brown. ʻO kahi kola keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻāʻī. Noho ka savannas, alakaʻi nā ululāʻau lahilahi i kahi ola sedentary. Kaulana ka manu liʻiliʻi ma nā ʻāina ʻApelika. Noho i nā ʻāina puʻu, ka wāwae ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a i 1500 m.
ʻUltureiwi Griffon. Kahi noho o nā wahi pōhaku ma ka hema o ʻEulopa, nā ʻāpana steppe o ʻAsia, nā wahi semi-wao nahele o ʻApelika. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o 3000 m no ka manu lele griffon ʻaʻole ia ka palena. Nui ka manu, me nā ʻeheu ākea. ʻEleʻele ka plumage, ma nā wahi ʻulaʻula. ʻEleʻele ka leo o nā ʻeheu. Uhi ʻia kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi me ka nuku o ka lou me ke keʻokeʻo o lalo.
ʻAo manu lele. ʻO kahi kamaʻāina o nā wahi pōhaku o ka moku ʻo Cape. He endemeke ka manu ma ke komohana hema o ʻApelika Hema. ʻO ke kala ke kala me nā kaha ʻulaʻula ma ka umauma. Ma nā ʻeheu, ʻeleʻele ka hulu i ke kala. ʻOi ka nui o nā kānaka nunui i 12 kg.
Manu ʻiwi (Himalayan) Noho i nā mauna kiʻekiʻe o ka Himalayas, Tibet, Pamir. Kupaianaha ka nui nui o ka manu lele - ʻo ka nui o nā ʻeheu a hiki i ka 300 cm. Aia kekahi kola hulu nui ma ka ʻāʻī. ʻO ke kala beige māmā. ʻEʻeleʻele nā manu ʻōpio. Lanakila i nā kiʻekiʻe a i 5000 km ma luna o ka pae kai.
ʻ viwi ʻAiwi. Hoʻoweliweli ka ʻāina. ʻO ka nui o ka manu he awelika, ʻeleʻele ke kino o ke kino, ʻeleʻele nā ʻeheu, ʻeleʻele "palule". Noho ma Pakistan, India.
Ka ʻāʻī o Rüppel. ʻO kahi manu liʻiliʻi, a 80 cm ka lōʻihi, ke kaupaona ʻana he awelika o 4.5 kg. Ua kapa ʻia ka moʻo ʻApelika ma hope o Eduard Rüppel, he kanaka hulihonua Kelemania. ʻO ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī, ka umauma he mau leo māmā ia, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele i nā ʻeheu i ke kala. Keokeo keʻokeʻo, undertail, nā ʻēheu o lalo. Noho i nā wahi ma ka hema o ka Sahara, ʻĀkau hikina o ʻApelika.
ʻĀʻī ʻeleʻele. I ka honua ʻo ka manu nui ka manu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka pilikua he 1-1.2 m, ʻo ka ʻēheu he 3 m. I Lūkia, ʻo kēia ka mea mana nui loa o nā manu. Uhi ʻia ke poʻo i lalo, ma ka ʻāʻī kahi hulu o nā hulu, e like me ka lei. ʻEleʻele ke kala o nā manu makua, ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ka ʻōpio.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻO ka mahele nui o nā manu he mea maʻamau ia no nā ʻāina āpau, koe wale no Australia a me Antarctica. Aia ma ʻApelika ka hapa nui o nā ʻelele. Hoʻopili ʻia nā manu e nā ʻāina ākea - nā ākea nui, nā kuahiwi, nā ulu lāʻau ākea me nā kino wai kokoke.
Manu manu lele lele nui, lele kiʻekiʻe. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi hihia o kahi hālāwai kūpilikiʻi o kahi manu lele ʻApelika me kahi mokulele lele ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 11.3 km. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka lele o ka pā i 60 km / h, a ʻo ka luʻu wikiwiki ʻana i lalo he ʻelua manawa ka wikiwiki. Ma ka honua, holo wikiwiki nā mea ʻino. No nā kumu hoʻomaʻemaʻe, noho pinepine lākou ma nā lālā, e hohola ana i ko lākou mau ʻeheu ma lalo o nā kukuna o ka lā.
Noho nā manu o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa i nā wahi paʻa o kā lākou pae. ʻO ka pane i ka nīnau, he manu lele a he manu hoʻoilo ia. - kauā kau. ʻO ka manawa maʻamau, hoʻouka ka poʻe ʻaihue i ka huli i nā meaʻai i nā ʻāina haole. Noho hoʻokahi wau, i kekahi manawa i ka pālua.
ʻO ke ʻano o nā ʻekue he mālie, kāohi ʻia. Pili kā lākou hana maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā me ka hiʻohiʻona hānai - hana nā scavenger maʻamau i ke ʻano o nā kauoha e luku ana i nā kupapaʻu o nā holoholona. ʻAʻole hoihoi ka holoholona hihiu iā lākou, no laila, ʻaʻole lawe nā ʻauamo i ka hoʻoweliweli i nā kānaka a i nā holoholona paha.
Hoʻokele nā Predators ma luna o ka pāpū no nā hola i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. E hoʻohana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ea i ʻole e hoʻonele i ka ikehu. ʻO nā mākaʻi wā lōʻihi o nā pūnaewele ke ʻano o ka hoʻomanawanui, nā manu kūpaʻa.
Hiki i ka maka maka ke nānā aku mai kahi kiʻekiʻe loa i nā kupapaʻu o nā holoholona waena; hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale maʻalahi i nā mea ola mai nā mea i hāʻule. Nānā nā manu ʻike i ka ʻaoʻao o kekahi. Inā ʻike ʻia kekahi kiko manu, a laila holo ka mea i koe ma hope.
ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia nā pilikua hulu e ka hakakā. ʻAʻole lākou i hōʻike i ka huhū i nā manu ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā ʻekue i hōʻuluʻulu i ka mea pio ke kipaku aku i nā hoanoho kūmau i kahi ʻāʻī me nā pale o ko lākou mau ʻeheu, akā ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻouka kekahi i kekahi. I ka wā o ka pāʻina, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i nā leo o nā manu, hāmau mau. ʻUʻū lākou, screech, wheeze, me he mea lā e kani ana.
Loaʻa i nā Predators kekahi mau ʻano o ka ʻimi holoholona - ke hele mākaʻi ʻana mai kahi kiʻekiʻe, e hāhai ana i nā mea ʻino nui i ka wā e kali ana no kahi pāʻina, e huli ana i nā holoholona maʻi. ʻAʻole hoʻāʻo nā ʻiʻo e lawe kokoke mai i ka make o nā mea ola.
Inā nānā ʻia nā ʻōuli o ke ola o nā holoholona luhi, a laila haʻalele lākou. ʻO ka mahi ʻai ʻana ma nā kapakai o nā kino wai he kūleʻa mau no nā ʻauʻa. Ma ʻaneʻi loaʻa lākou iʻa make, hua manu naha. ʻAʻole komo nā ʻaeto i ke kaua no ka mea pio me nā mea ʻaihue ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka nui o ka ʻōpū e ʻae iā lākou e ʻai nui, me ka palena.
Meaʻai kūpono
I ka ʻimi ʻana i nā pio, kōkua ʻia nā manu e nā hyenas, nā mea ʻokiʻoki ʻē aʻe, ʻo lākou ka mea mua i loaʻa i nā mea pio. Nānā pono nā ʻāpua i ka hana a nā holoholona, hāhai iā lākou. Ma waena o nā moʻo o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa, aia ka loiloi i ka meaʻai i ka ʻoki ʻana i nā kupapaʻu nui.
ʻAi kekahi ʻano i nā kinona palupalu, viscera, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe - nā olonā ākea i ke ʻano o ka ʻili, nā iwi, nā aʻa, ke kāwi. Ke loaʻa ka ʻili mānoanoa i kahi holoholona make, ke kakali nei kekahi o nā ʻohina i ke kōkua mai nā ʻohana nui no ka ʻoki kī mua ʻana.
I hoʻokahi kupapaʻu wale nō, ʻākoakoa nā manu he nui, hiki ke ʻānai loa i ka iwi iwi i 10 mau minuke. ʻO ka papaʻai o nā ʻohiona ka hapa nui o nā koena o ungulate:
- wildebeest;
- hipa mauna;
- ʻōpala;
- ʻelepani;
- kao;
- hua manu;
- manu kuhukukū a me nā iʻa;
- nā mea kolo.
ʻO nā kupapaʻu o nā holoholona make ʻaʻole i hou mau, akā ʻo nā manu e ʻai i kaʻiʻo make. ʻO ka wai gastric acidic kiʻekiʻe loa, kahi bacteria maikaʻi e kūʻē i nā toxins, pale i nā maʻi.
Pili ʻia nā ʻano mystical i nā manu, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou me nā holoholona haumia. Akā nānā pono nā mea ʻiʻo i ko lākou helehelena. Ma hope o ka ʻai, hoʻomaʻemaʻe lākou i ko lākou hulu, inu nui, a ʻauʻau. I nā lā maopopo, lawe lākou i nā ʻauʻau ultraviolet e pale aku ai i ka bacteria, e hohola nei i ko lākou mau ʻeheu ma lalo o nā kukuna o ka lā.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Wehe ka wā moʻo no nā manu lele i Ianuali a hala a Iulai. He pilina monogamous ko nā manu. Mālama pono ʻia ke koho a kahi hoa, ua hoʻopiha ʻia ka pilina me nā loina, e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻonui i ka nānā, mālama. ʻIke ʻia ka hana kiʻekiʻe i ka wā puna, i Malaki, ʻApelila. ʻO nā mokulele hui pū, nā hulahula, nā pae ʻāina i hōʻike ʻia ua hoʻomohala nā kāne ʻelua.
Koho nā manu i kahi no ka pūnana i waena o nā kahawai, ma lalo o nā pōhaku, ma ke kihi o ka pali. ʻO kahi prerequisite kahi wahi kiʻekiʻe i hiki ʻole i nā predators. Ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻo kēia ke poʻo o kahi lāʻau laha a i ʻole kahi ma waena o nā pōhaku hiki ʻole ke kiʻi ʻia.
ʻAʻole makaʻu nā ʻōpelu i nā kānaka - ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hihia o ka pūnana kokoke i kahi noho o kahi kanaka. Koho nā manu i nā hale i haʻalele ʻia a i nā ʻāpana o nā hale kahiko.
Kahi ʻāʻī he pola o nā lālā nui, i loko o ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia ka lalo me ka mauʻu palupalu. Ua lawelawe ka hale i ka hui ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki. I ka paʻa he 1-3 mau hua beige nui me nā kiko pouli. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mākua ʻelua i ka incubation. Aia ka manawa incubation i 55 mau lā.
Hānai nā ʻohina i nā moa i pāheʻe ʻia me nā meaʻai, i lawe ʻia i loko o ka goiter a regurgitated ma kahi. Noho nā keiki hānau i 2-3 mau mahina i ka pūnana a hiki i ka holo piha ʻana. A laila hoʻomaka ka pae o ka haku ʻana i ka honua a puni.
Oʻo makua ʻalalā puʻupuʻu lilo wale i ka makahiki o 5-7 mau makahiki, hiki ke hānau o nā pālua i nā manawa o 1-2 mau makahiki. ʻOiai ka haʻahaʻa o ka momona, mālama nā manu i ka mālama ʻana i nā lehulehu ma muli o nā ʻano like ʻole.
- ke kūpaʻa o nā manu i nā kūlana o ka hānai maʻamau ʻole;
- ka nui o nā laha he nui, hoʻoweliweli i nā mea ʻehā ʻehā.
Lawe ka hana a ke kanaka i nā hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻole i ka hopena o nā ʻaeto he nui. Ke emi nei ke kumu ʻai o nā manu ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻia ʻana o nā ʻāina manuahi e ka poʻe, ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā holoholona hihiu he nui. Nā lāʻau make, nā hoʻomākaukau no nā holoholona e hoʻohana ʻia e nā kauka holoholona, ʻo ia hoʻi, diclofenac, lilo i mea make i nā manu.
He 40 mau makahiki ke ola o ka moʻo ma ke kūlohelohe. I ke ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, ʻo 50-55 mau makahiki ka lōʻihi o nā ʻumiʻumi huluhulu. ʻO ke kokoke i ke kanaka ua hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻohilohi, e hoʻohana ai iā lākou i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kahe o ke kinoea.
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi lua ma kahi alaloa mamao mai ke kūlanakauhale nui ka manawa a me nā kumuwaiwai kanaka. No laila, ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi mea i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ke kinoea, nāna e ʻumeʻume i nā manu ʻino e ka honi. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā ʻekue nunui ma nā kahe kahi hōʻailona no ka hui hoʻoponopono.
Ua ʻumeʻume nā manu kahiko i ka poʻe me ko lākou ola, nā ʻano meaʻai. Ua hōʻeuʻeu ʻo Vultures i nā manaʻo contradictory i loko o ke kanaka, me ka hoʻomana ʻana i nā luna o kekahi ao ʻē aʻe.
