Tiger Indochinese - kahi ʻāpana ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi ma ka Indochina Peninsula. ʻO kēia mau māmala nā mea pā o nā ululāʻau tropical, mauna a me nā wai pulu. ʻO ka ʻāpana o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana he ākea a like ia me ka ʻāpana o Palani. Akā ʻoiai ma kahi panalāʻau o kēia pālākiō, hiki i ka poʻe ke hoʻopau kokoke i kēia mau mea hōkū.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Tiger Indochinese
I ka wā o ke aʻo ʻana i nā koena fossilized o nā tigika, ua hōʻike ʻia i ka noho ʻana o nā māmela ma ka Honua 2-3 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Eia nō naʻe, ma ke kumu o ke aʻo ʻana i nā genomic, ua hōʻoia ʻia ua ʻike ʻia nā tigana ola āpau ma ka honua ma mua o 110 tausani makahiki i hala. I loko o kēlā wā, ua nui ka emi ʻana o ka loko wai.
Ua kālailai nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā genome o 32 mau hika huluhulu a ʻike ua mahele ʻia nā pōpoki ʻāhiu i ʻeono mau ʻano moʻokūʻauhau. Ma muli o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa pau ʻole no ka helu kikoʻī o nā subspecies, ʻaʻole i hiki i nā mea noiʻi ke noʻonoʻo piha i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i kahi laha i ka lihi o ka make.
ʻO ka tiger Indochinese (i kapa ʻia ka tiger Corbett) kekahi o nā ʻohana ʻeono e kū nei, nona ka inoa Lākina ʻo Panthera tigris corbetti i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia i ka makahiki 1968 no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana iā Jim Corbett, kahi mea kūlohelohe Pelekānia, conservationist a me nā mea ʻimi holoholona holoholona.
I ka wā ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia nā tigers Malaki nā subspecies kēia, akā i ka makahiki 2004 ua lawe ʻia ka lehulehu i kahi ʻāpana ʻokoʻa. Noho ʻo Tigers Corbett ma Kemupodia, Laos, Burma, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand. ʻOiai ka hapa liʻiliʻi loa o nā tigika Indo-Kina, hālāwai mau nā kamaʻāina o nā kauhale Vietnamese me kekahi kanaka.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Animal Indo-Chinese Tiger
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā tigika Corbett ma mua o kā lākou mau hoa - ka Tiga Tigā a me ka Tiga Amur. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me lākou, ʻoi aku ka pouli o ke kala o ka Tiger Indo-Chinese - ʻulaʻula-ʻalani, melemele, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a me ka pōkole o nā kaha, a i kekahi manawa ke nānā aku e like me nā kiko. Pālahalaha ke poʻo a emi iki hoʻi ka piʻo, lōʻihi a lōʻihi ka ihu.
Ka nui awelika:
- lōʻihi o nā kāne - 2.50-2.80 ka m;
- ka lōʻihi o nā wahine he 2.35-2.50 m;
- ke kaupaona o nā kāne he 150-190 kg;
- ke kaupaona o nā wahine he 100-135 kg.
ʻOiai ka nui o ka liʻiliʻi, hiki i kekahi mau kānaka ke kaupaona ma mua o 250 kilokilo.
Aia nā kiko keʻokeʻo ma nā papalina, ka auwae a ma ka maka, aia nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka waha. ʻO Vibrissae keʻokeʻo, lōʻihi a me ka momona. Keʻokeʻo ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka huelo lōʻihi ākea ma ke kumu, lahilahi a ʻeleʻele i ka hopena, ma kahi o ʻumi mau kahakaha transverse.
Video: Tiger Indo-Kina
He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke ʻano o nā maka, poepoe nā haumāna. Aia he 30 mau niho i ka waha. Nui a piʻo nā canine, maʻalahi e nahu i ka iwi. Aia nā tubercle ʻoi i loko o ka elelo e maʻalahi ai i ka ʻili i ka mea i hoʻomāʻeha ʻia a hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻiʻo mai ka iwi. Pōkole a paʻakikī ke kapa ma ke kino, nā wāwae a me ka hiʻu, ma ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū ʻoi aku ka palupalu a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi.
Ma nā forepaws kiʻekiʻe, waena kiʻekiʻe, ʻelima mau manamana wāwae me nā māiʻuʻu e hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia, ma nā wāwae hope ʻehā mau manamana wāwae. Liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao a hoʻonoho kiʻekiʻe, pōʻai. Ma ke kua, ʻeleʻele loa lākou me kahi māka keʻokeʻo, ka mea, e like me ka ʻepekema, lawelawe i mea e pale ai i nā mea ʻimi e hoʻowalewale ana iā lākou mai hope.
Ma hea e noho ai ka Tiga-Tiger?
Kiʻi: Tiger Indochinese
Mai ka Hikina Hema ʻAsia a i ka hikina hema o Kina kahi e noho ai nā mea hōkai. Noho ka hapa nui o ka lehulehu i nā ululāʻau o Thailand, ma Huaykhakhang. ʻIke ʻia kahi helu liʻiliʻi ma ka ecoregions o Mekong Lalo a me Annam Mountains. I kēia manawa, kaupalena ʻia ka nohona mai Thanh Hoa a i Bing Phuoc ma Vietnam, ma ka ʻākau hikina o Kambila a me Laos.
Hoʻokipa nā Predators i nā ululāʻau tropika me ka wela kiʻekiʻe, aia ma nā pali o nā kuahiwi, noho i nā mangrove a me nā wahi wai. I ko lākou wahi nohona maikaʻi loa, aia ma kahi o 10 mau mākua ma 100 mau kilomika kūlike. Eia naʻe, ua hōʻemi nā kūlana o kēia au i ka density mai 0.5 a 4 tigers i 100 mau kilomika kilomika.
Eia kekahi, loaʻa ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa i nā wahi momona e hoʻohui i nā laʻalāʻau, nā kula a me nā ululāʻau. ʻO kahi ʻāpana e hoʻopili wale ana i kahi ululāʻau he mea maikaʻi ʻole ia no nā mea ʻaihue. Aia kahi mauʻu liʻiliʻi ma aneʻi, a ʻai nui nā tigika i ka ungulate. ʻO kā lākou helu nui loa i hōʻea i nā kahawai.
Ma muli o nā wahi mahiʻai kokoke a me nā wahi noho kanaka, koi ʻia nā tigika e noho i nā wahi kahi e ʻai liʻiliʻi ai - nā ululāʻau mānoanoa a i ʻole nā pā papu. Mālama ʻia nā wahi me nā kūlana maikaʻi no nā mea hōkai ma ka ʻākau o Indochina, ma nā ululāʻau o nā Kuahiwi Cardamom, nā ululāʻau Tenasserim.
ʻO nā wahi kahi e ola ai nā holoholona, hiki ʻole i nā kānaka. Akā ʻo kēia mau wahi ʻaʻole ia he wahi kūpono no nā tigers Indo-Chinese, no laila ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ko lākou kiʻekiʻe. ʻOiai i loko o nā wahi ʻoluʻolu hou aʻe, aia kekahi mau mea concomitant i alakaʻi i kahi ʻano nāwaliwali maoli ʻole.
He aha ka ʻai a ka tigika Indo-Chinese?
Kiʻi: ʻO Tiger Indo-Kina i ke kūlohelohe
ʻO ka papaʻai o nā mea ʻino ka nui o nā ungulate. Eia nō naʻe, ua emi iho nei ko lākou heluna kanaka ma muli o ke ʻimi kū kānāwai ʻole.
Me nā ungulate, koi ʻia nā pōpoki hihiu e alualu i kahi mea ʻē aʻe, i nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi:
- puaʻa ʻāhiu;
- sambara;
- serow;
- gauras;
- dia;
- nā bipi kauō;
- porcupines;
- muntjaks;
- nā moʻo;
- ʻūmiʻi puaʻa.
Ma nā wahi i loli nui ʻia nā lehulehu o nā holoholona nui e nā hana a ke kanaka, ua lilo nā ʻano liʻiliʻi i meaʻai nui o nā tigers Indo-Chinese. I nā wahi noho kahi uuku o nā ungulate, haʻahaʻa hoʻi ka mānoanoa o nā tigika. ʻAʻole hoʻowahāwahā nā Predators i nā manu, nā mea kolo, nā iʻa a me ke kino, akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā meaʻai ke hoʻopiha piha i kā lākou mau pono.
ʻAʻole laki kēlā me kēia kanaka e noho i kahi me ka nui o nā holoholona nui. Ma ka awelika, pono i kahi mea hōkai i 7 a 10 mau kilogram o kaʻiʻo i kēlā me kēia lā. I kēlā mau kūlana, hiki ʻole ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana o ka genus, no laila, pili kēia mea i ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka ma mua o ka ʻānai ʻana.
Ma Vietnam, kahi kāne kāne nui, he 250 paha kilokani ke kaupaona ʻana, e ʻaihue nei i nā holoholona mai nā kamaʻāina kūloko no ka manawa lōʻihi. Ua hoʻāʻo lākou e hopu iā ia, akā ua makehewa kā lākou hoʻāʻo. Kūkulu nā kamaʻāina i ka pā he ʻekolu mika a puni ko lākou wahi i noho ai, akā ua lele ka mea ʻaihue ma luna ona, ʻaihue i ka bipi keiki a pakele i ke ala like. No nā manawa āpau ua ʻai ʻo ia ma kahi o 30 mau bipi kāne.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: holoholona hika Indochinese
ʻO nā pōpoki hihiu nā holoholona mehameha e ke kūlohelohe. Noho kēlā me kēia kanaka i kona ʻāina ponoʻī, akā aia kekahi mau tigana holoholo ʻaʻohe o lākou kipi pilikino. Inā loaʻa ka meaʻai ma ka ʻāina, nā kahua o nā wahine he 15-20 kilomika kilomika, nā kāne - 40-70 kilomika i pahu. Inā loaʻa iki kahi mea pio ma ka anapuni, a laila hiki i nā panalāʻau o nā wahine ke piʻi i 200-400 kilomika kilomika, a me nā kāne - a he 700-1000. Pili paha nā kahua o nā wahine a me nā kāne, akā ʻaʻole paʻa nā kāne i nā panalāʻau o kekahi, hiki iā lākou ke lanakila hou mai kahi hoa paio.
ʻO ka tigers Indochinese ka mea nui crepuscular. I kahi lā wela, makemake lākou e hoʻopulu i ka wai anuanu, a i ke ahiahi hele lākou i ka hopu holoholona. ʻAʻole like me nā pōpoki ʻē aʻe, makemake nā tigika e ʻauʻau a ʻauʻau. I ke ahiahi hele lākou i ka hopu holoholona a hoʻohālua. Ma ka awelika, hoʻokahi i loko o ʻumi mau hoʻāʻo hiki ke kūleʻa.
No ka mea pio liʻiliʻi, ʻū koke ʻo ia i ka ʻāʻī, a hoʻopiha mua i ka mea pio nui, a laila haki ka pali me kāna mau niho. Hoʻonui maikaʻi ʻia ka hihiʻo a me ka lohe ma mua o ka honi. ʻO ka lālā nui o ka hoʻopā ka vibrissae. Ua ikaika loa nā mea hōkai: ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi hihia i ka wā ma hope o kahi ʻeha make, ua hiki i ke kāne ke hele hou i ʻelua mau mile. Hiki iā lākou ke lele a 10 mau mika.
ʻOiai ko lākou nui liʻiliʻi, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kā lākou mau hoa, ʻokoʻa ka poʻe o kēia ʻāpana ʻaʻole wale i ka ikaika nui, akā i ka hoʻomanawanui pū kekahi. Hiki iā lākou ke uhi i nā wahi nunui i ka lā, ke hoʻomohala nei i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 70 mau kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola. Hele lākou i nā ala kahiko i haʻalele ʻia i waiho ʻia i ka wā lāʻau.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Tiger Indochinese
Makemake nā kāne e alakaʻi i kahi nohona kaʻawale, ʻoiai e hoʻohana ka wahine i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa me kā lākou mau keiki. Noho kēlā me kēia kanaka i kona wahi ponoʻī, palekana iā ia mai nā malihini. Hiki i kekahi mau wahine ke noho ma ke kaona o ke kāne. Kaha lākou i nā palena o kā lākou waiwai me ka mimi, nā ʻino, hana notches ma ka ʻili lāʻau.
ʻO nā hoa hana lālā i loko o ka makahiki, akā hāʻule ka wā nui ma Nowemapa-ʻApelila. ʻO ke kumu, koho nā kāne i nā tigresses e noho nei i nā wahi kokoke. Inā hoʻokolokolo ʻia ka wahine e kekahi mau kāne, kū pinepine nā hakakā ma waena o lākou. I mea e hōʻike ai i nā manaʻo moʻa, halulu nui nā tigers a hōʻailona nā wahine i nā kumulāʻau me ka mimi.
I ka wā o ka estrus, noho pū ka wahine ma ka pule holoʻokoʻa, hui pū a 10 mau manawa i ka lā. Moe lāua a alualu pū lāua. ʻIke a hoʻolako ka wahine i kahi lua ma kahi paʻakikī e hiki ai, kahi e hōʻike koke ʻia ai nā keiki keiki. Inā kū ʻia ka moena me kekahi mau kāne, e loaʻa nā ʻōpala i nā ʻōpala mai nā mākua like ʻole.
ʻO ka hāpai ʻana ma kahi o 103 mau lā, a ʻo ka hopena a hānau ʻia he 7 mau pēpē, akā ʻoi pinepine 2-3. Hiki i kahi wahine ke hoʻohua i nā keiki i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 2 makahiki. Hānau ʻia nā pēpē makapō a kuli hoʻi. Wehe ko lākou mau pepeiao a me ko lākou mau maka i kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, a hoʻomaka nā niho mua e ulu i ʻelua pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
Ulu ka niho paʻa i hoʻokahi makahiki. I ka makahiki o ʻelua mau mahina, hoʻomaka ka makuahine e hānai i nā keiki me ka ʻiʻo, akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻōki i ka hānai ʻana iā lākou i ka waiū a hiki i nā mahina ʻeono. I ka makahiki mua o ke ola, ma kahi o 35% o nā pēpē e make. ʻO nā kumu nui o kēia ka ahi, nā kaiāulu a i ʻole ke pepehi keiki ʻana.
I ka makahiki hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua makahiki, hoʻomaka nā keiki ʻōpio i ka hopu holoholona iā lākou iho. Haʻalele kekahi o lākou i ka ʻohana. Noho mau ka wahine me ko lākou makuahine ma mua o ko lākou kaikaina. Loaʻa ka hānau ma nā wahine i 3-4 mau makahiki, i nā kāne ma 5 mau makahiki. ʻO ke ola ke ola ma kahi o 14 mau makahiki, a 25 i ka pio.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā tigika Indo-Kina
Kiʻi: Tiger Indochinese
Ma muli o ko lākou ikaika a hoʻomanawanui nui, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā mākua ma mua o nā kānaka. Hiki ke hōʻeha ʻia nā holoholona ʻōpio e nā crocodiles, porcupine quills a i ʻole ko lākou mau makuakāne ponoʻī, ka mea hiki ke pepehi i nā keiki i hiki i ko lākou makuahine ke hoʻi hou i ka wela a hui hou me ia.
He mea weliweli ke kanaka no nā pōpoki hihiu ʻaʻole wale ma ka luku ʻana i kā lākou mea pio, akā, me ka luku ʻole ʻana i nā mea hoʻomake iā lākou iho. ʻO ka hana pinepine ʻana o ka pōʻino me ka hana ʻole ʻia - ke kūkulu ala a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mahiʻai i alakaʻi i ka ʻāpana o ia wahi. Ua luku ʻia nā helu he lehulehu ʻole e nā mea ʻino no ka waiwai pilikino.
I ka lāʻau lapaʻau Kina, mahalo nui ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau o ke kino o ka predator, no ka mea, manaʻo ʻia he ola ko lākou. ʻOi aku ka pipiʻi o nā lāʻau i ko nā lāʻau maʻamau. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā mea āpau i nā potona - mai ka ʻumiʻumi a i ka hiʻu, a ʻo nā mea o loko.
Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā tigika ke pane aku i ke ʻano maikaʻi i ka poʻe. I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, auwana lākou i nā kauhale, kahi aihue lākou i nā holoholona a hiki ke hoʻouka i ke kanaka. Ma Thailand, ʻokoʻa ma Asia Hema, aia kekahi mau hakakā ma waena o nā kānaka a me nā pōpoki kapu. ʻO nā hihia hope loa o nā paio i hoʻopaʻa ʻia aia ma 1976 a me 1999. I ka hihia mua, ua make nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, i ka lua, loaʻa wale i ka mea ʻeha.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Animal Indo-Chinese Tiger
Wahi a nā kumuwaiwai like ʻole, ma waena o 1200 a me 1600 mau kānaka o kēia ʻano i koe i ka honua. Akā ʻo ka helu o ka māka ma lalo i ka ʻoi aku ka pololei. Ma Vietnam wale nō, ʻoi aku ka nui o ʻekolu mau tausani Indo-Chinese tig i hoʻopau ʻia i mea e kūʻai aku ai i kā lākou meaola kūloko. Ma Malaysia, hoʻopaʻi ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana me ka hoʻopaʻi nui, a me nā mālama mālama kahi e mālama pono ʻia ai nā mea ʻaihue. Ma kēia mea, ua noho ka heluna nui loa o nā tigika Indo-Chinese ma aneʻi. I nā wahi ʻē aʻe, aia ke kūlana i kahi pae koʻikoʻi.
E like me ka 2010, e like me ka ʻike wikiō wikiō, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 mau kānaka ma Kambupila, a ma kahi o 20 mau holoholona ma Laos. Ma Vietnam, aia ma kahi o 10 mau kānaka āpau. ʻOiai nā pāpā, hoʻomau ka poʻe hahai holoholona i kā lākou hana kū ʻole i ke kānāwai.
Mahalo i nā papahana no ka pale ʻana i nā tigika Indo-Kina, e ka 2015, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka huina nui i 650 mau kānaka, a koe nā zoo. Ua ola kekahi mau tigika ma ka hema o Yunnan. I ka 2009, aia ma kahi o 20 o lākou i waiho ʻia ma nā moku Xishuangbanna a me Simao. Ma Vietnam, Laos a me Burma, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi lehulehu nui.
Ma muli o ka nalo ʻana o kahi e noho ai ma muli o ka nāhelehele ʻana, ka mahi ʻana o nā māla aila, ka wāwahi ʻana o ka pae, ke emi wikiwiki nei ka lako o ka meaʻai, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka maka o ka inbreeding, kahi e hoʻonāukiuki ai i ka nui o ka sperm a me ka infertility.
Ka mālama ʻana i nā tigika Indo-Kina
Kiʻi: Tiger Indochinese
Ua helu ʻia kēia ʻano i loko o ka International Red Book a me ka CITES Convention (Appendix I) ma ke ʻano pilikia. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia e hōʻemi wikiwiki ana ka helu o nā tigika Indo-Chinese ma mua o ke koena o nā subspecies, ʻoiai i kēlā me kēia pule e hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia kahi make o ka mea ʻaihue ma ka lima o kahi mea ʻaihue.
Ma kahi o 60 mau kānaka e mālama ʻia i loko o nā zoo. Ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o Thailand ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Huaykhakhang, aia kahi pāka aupuni; mai ka makahiki 2004, aia kahi papahana hana e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā poʻe o kēia mau ʻāpana. ʻAʻole kūpono ka nahele mauna ma luna o kāna panalāʻau no ka hana a ke kanaka, no laila ʻaʻole hoʻopili ʻia ka mālama e nā poʻe.
Eia hou, aia kahi pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka malaria ma aneʻi, no laila ʻaʻole nui nā poʻe ʻimi e makemake e pry i kēia mau wahi a mōhai i ko lākou olakino no ke kālā. ʻO nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka noho ʻana e ʻae i nā predators e hoʻohua manuahi, a me nā hana pale e hoʻonui ai i ka manawa e ola ai.
Ma mua o ke kahua o ka paka, ma kahi o 40 mau kānaka i noho ma kēia panalāʻau. Hōʻike ʻia ke keiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki a i kēia manawa aia ma mua o nā pōpoki he 60. Me ke kōkua o nā pahele pahupaʻikiʻi he 100 i loko o kahi mālama, nānā ʻia ka pōʻai o nā mea ʻai, helu ʻia nā holoholona a ʻike ʻia nā mea hou o ko lākou ola ʻana. Kiaʻi ʻia ka mālama e nā mea pāʻani pāʻani he nui.
Manaʻo nā kānaka noiʻi ʻaʻole hiki i nā lehulehu i hāʻule i lalo o ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ke kanaka ke ola i ka wā e hiki mai ana a mālama i kā lākou helu. ʻO ka likelika kiʻekiʻe loa o ke ola no nā poʻe nona ka ʻāina ma waena o Myanmar a me Thailand. Aia ma kahi o 250 mau tigika e noho ana ma laila. He kūlana kiʻekiʻe nā Tigers mai Central Vietnam a me South Laos.
Ma muli o ka palena o ke komo ʻana i nā wahi noho o kēia mau holoholona a me kā lākou hūnā, hiki i nā ʻepekema ke nānā wale i nā mea kōkua a hōʻike i nā mea hou e pili ana iā ia. Tiger Indochinese Loaʻa i ke kākoʻo informative koʻikoʻi mai nā mea manawaleʻa, kahi hopena maikaʻi i ka hoʻokō ʻana o nā hana mālama e mālama a hoʻonui i ka helu o nā ʻāpana.
Ka lā hoʻopuka: 09.05.2019
Lā hou: 20.09.2019 ma 17:39
