Ma waena o ka liʻiliʻi o nā holoholona hihiu ma Antarctica, pono ke nānā nui ʻia ka manu skua nui. He kakaikahi kona heluna kanaka, a he kakaikahi wale nō nā ʻano i aʻo ʻia e nā ornithologists. Alakaʻi ka manu i kahi nohona hoihoi, ʻike ʻia e ka lawena ʻokoʻa a me ke ʻano.
Ma waho, hiki ke huikau ʻia me kahi limu a i ʻole pūlū, akā i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he ʻano like wale nō kāna mai kēia mau manu. Eia naʻe skua, manu mea pākahi i nā mea āpau. No laila ʻo wai nā skuas a pehea lākou e noho ai i nā aniau paʻakikī?
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Hiki ke unuhi ʻia ka inoa skua ma ke ʻano he noho a noho "ma ke kai". A he ʻōlelo maoli kēia. ʻO nā wahi noho punahele loa a me ka hāʻawi ʻana o skuas nā latitude ʻākau, ʻo ia hoʻi nā kai o ka Arctic a me Antarctic. No ka ʻohana plover ka manu, no laila ʻaʻohe ona mea e pili ai i nā titmouses a me nā manu ʻē aʻe.
ʻUmeʻume ʻia ka manu e nā wai o ka Moana Arctic, akā ʻo kekahi ʻano laha ke lawe ʻiʻo nei i ka lewa o nā kahakai kai kahakai, kokoke i ke kai. Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano skua ma ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika ʻAkau, a ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa.
He lālā nui ʻo Skua no ka holoholona. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kona kino mai ka piko o ka nuku a i ka piko o ka huelo ma kahi o 80 cm, me kahi ʻēheu o kahi mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o kahi mika, akā i ka manawa like ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna kaumaha ma mua o ʻelua kilokilo.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻohana skua kahi nuku pōkole i uhi ʻia me ka ʻili. I ka hopena, ua lou ʻia ka nuku a pelu i lalo. Aia ke kaumaha ma lalo o ka nuku. Pālahalaha iki ma luna. ʻO kēia ʻano o ka nuku e manaʻo ʻia he kūleʻa loa no ka skua ke lawaiʻa ʻana i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā mea liʻiliʻi o ke kai.
Lahilahi a lōʻihi hoʻi nā wāwae, kahi i maʻa mau no nā manu e noho ana i ka hau, he lahilahi, manamana lōʻihi, me nā māiʻuʻu hāwaliwali loa. Pili paʻa loa ka manu i nā hau hau a i ʻole ka hau me kāna mau māiʻuʻu. Ākea nā ʻeheu, kuhikuhi i nā wēlau. Pokole a poepoe ka huelo. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi loa he ʻumikūmālua wale nō hulu ma ka huelo. Eia kekahi, ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻano lunamakaʻāinana. He aha ka mea i hoʻokumu ai i kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻike ka ʻepekema.
Skua i ke kiʻi nani loa ke nānā aku. ʻEleʻele kona kala, ʻike ʻia nā hulu o kahi kala māmā ma ka ʻāʻī, ʻōpū a me ke poʻo. Mai lalo o ka nuku a i lalo loa o ka umauma, ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo ka plumage. I ke poʻo, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kiko ʻeleʻele a me ka melemele. Mālama mau ʻia ka ʻōmole kala o ka plumage, ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a i ka wā o ka moʻa ʻana.
Nā ʻano
Noho nā ʻano he nui a noho ma kahakai o ka Hemisphere ʻĀkau, a ma kahakai o nā kino wai paʻakai o ka Arctic. Manaʻo ʻia he manu neʻe ka skua, ʻoiai e kokoke kokoke ana i nā wahi hema no ka hoʻoilo, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā mahina puna e hoʻi hou i ke aupuni o ka hau. ʻO nā lāhui maʻamau a aʻo ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi: nā huelo lōʻihi, nā huelo pōkole, waena, nui, polar hema, Antarctic a me ʻeleʻele.
Skua huelo lōʻihiHeʻuʻuku ka nui o nā Lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano, ma kahi o 55 cm ka lōʻihi, me ke kaupaona o 300 gram. He pāpale ʻeleʻele a he ʻāʻī ko ka Skua lōʻihi huelo. Ma ka mua o ka umauma a me ka ʻāʻī, melemele ke kala, ʻo nā hulu o nā ʻeheu o luna e pena ʻia i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ke koena o ka plumage hina a i ʻole brown brown.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona he huelo lōʻihi. Ma hea e noho ai ka skuas? o kēia ʻano? ʻO ka mahele o nā manu nā ʻāina ʻAmelika ʻAkau, ma kahakai o ka moana Pākīpika a me ʻAkelanika, kahi a lākou e hoʻoilo ai. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka papaʻai nui e nā rodents a me nā kolo liʻiliʻi. Alakaʻi i kahi ola maluhia.
Skua huelo pōkole... Ua like ia me ka nui i kona hoahānau, ka skua huelo lōʻihi. Akā he mea kupanaha me ka haʻahaʻa o ke kaupaona a me ke kino pōkole, he ʻēheu maikaʻi kona, e piʻi ana i 1,25 mau mika. He kala ʻokoʻa a kā ka lunamakaʻāinana huelo pōkole, i loli i ka wā o ka moena a me ka hoʻoilo.
I ka wā o ka male ʻana, huli ʻeleʻele ke poʻo. Ma ke kua, ma lalo o ka huelo a ma ka malo, ʻeleʻele ke kala. Aia nā kinikona melemele i mua ma lalo o ka nuku, ma ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma. ʻEleʻele ka pila a me nā wāwae.
I ka wā hoʻoilo, ʻike ʻia nā kiko ʻeleʻele ma nā ʻaoʻao a ma ka ʻāʻī, a ʻike ʻia nā kaha ʻeleʻele i ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa a me ke kua. Noho i nā panalāʻau nui o ka tundra a me ka ululāʻau-tundra o Eurasia, a aia pū kekahi ma nā mokuʻāina ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO Winters kokoke i ka equator.
Skua waena... Hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano e nā poʻe o ka nui nui, a hiki i kahi lōʻihi o ke kino a 80 cm a ke kaupaona ʻana i kahi kilokilo. ʻOkoʻa ia mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe me ka nuku ʻōniʻoniʻo a me nā hulu huelo wili. I ka wā lele, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kiko keʻokeʻo ma loko o nā ʻeheu. I nā plumage āpau he nui nā kani māmā, a me nā brown.
Skua polar hema... He kino kuʻikuʻi kā ka hulu, ma kahi o 50 cm ka lōʻihi, he 1.5 kg ke kaupaona, akā me ka ʻēheu ākea ākea, a hiki i ka 1.4 m. Lōʻihi nā ʻeheu, e huki ana ma ka honua ke hele wāwae. Ma ka ʻokoʻa, pōkole ka huelo, hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā hulu ma luna o nā ʻanuʻu. He mau wāwae wāwae a lōʻihi kona, e hoʻopili ʻia e nā membrane.
Skct Antarctic... ʻO Skuas o Antarctica kahi ʻelele nui o ka laha. ʻEleʻele lākou i ke kala, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ke poʻo o ka hulu ma mua o ke kumu. Hana kēia i nā wahi a puni nā maka a nuku e ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka nohona nā mokupuni ʻākau: Nūhōlani, Tierra del Fuego, hema o ʻAtenitina.
Skua NuiʻOiai ka inoa, ʻaʻole ia ka manu nui loa. Ua lōʻihi kona lōʻihi i 60 knm a ʻo kona ʻēheu a hiki i 120 knm.ʻO ka skua he pāpale ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻulaʻula i kāna mau plumage, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai iā ia mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Noho ma Iceland a me Nolewai.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Hoʻolilo ʻo Skuas i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola i ka lele, ʻo ia ke kumu i hāʻawi ʻia ai iā lākou nā ʻeheu ikaika a nui. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i ka lewa no ka manawa lōʻihi, lele i mau mile. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua loaʻa iā lākou ka inoa o ka haku o nā aerobatics.
Ke piʻi aʻe nei, hāʻule koke lākou i lalo e like me ka pōhaku a pae pono i ka wai, kahi a lākou e hauʻoli ai, ke hoʻoluliluli nei i nā nalu. Ke ʻauʻau kahi skua, ʻano like ia me ka pālule. Pēlā lākou e hoʻolilo ai i ko lākou mau lā nui. Hoʻohui ʻia, he mau māiʻuʻu teneless loa lākou, no laila kū manuahi lākou i nā ʻauheʻe hau a me nā ʻau hau.
Noho ʻo Skua i ka tundra a i ʻole ma nā kapakai o ka Moana Arctic. Kūlohelohe nā kamaʻāina o ʻAkau. Hiki iā lākou ke lawe i kahi pio mai kahi manu ʻē aʻe i ka lewa. I ka manawa like, ua ʻalo lākou i luna i lalo i mea e hoʻokō ai i kā lākou pahuhopu.
Hiki ke kapa ʻia ka skua me ka maluhia. Hoʻohana wau i ka uwa ʻana no nā kumu wale nō, a i ka hakakā ʻana no kahi a me nā mea pio, a i ʻole i ka wā hānau. Hoʻopili ʻia kona leo me nā aka he nui. ʻO kahi kiʻi hoihoi ke hele ka kāne ma kahakai, hoʻonui i kona umauma a hoʻopuka i nā ʻōlelo ihu nui loa.
ʻO nā ʻelele āpau o nā skuas ma ke ʻano kū hoʻokahi, ka liʻiliʻi o ka hui ʻana i pālua i mea e loaʻa ai nā keiki. Koho ʻo Pāpā skua i nā hua penguin a me nā moa no ka hānai ʻana. Ke hoʻouka nei i ka pūnaewele pūnana penguin i ka lele, hopu ʻo ia i ka mea pio a piʻi nui i luna.
Hoʻonui ka Skuas i nā terns, petrels, penguins a me nā puffins. ʻAʻole e ʻōlelo heʻuʻuku ka penguin, akā hoʻopau koke ka mea ʻino iā ia, ʻo ia hoʻi me nā moa a me nā hua. Akā ʻo nā ʻenemi o ka skuas iā lākou iho he mau manu nui wale nō. No laila hiki iā lākou ke ʻeha mai ka nuku o ka penguin, akā me he mea lā he mau hulu huki wale nō.
ʻAiʻai Pono
ʻAʻole ia he mea maʻamau ke ʻike aku i ka skuas e hao wale nei i nā wahi kanaka i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. ʻO ka meaʻai nui no ka skuas ka moa a me nā hua manu o nā manu e pili ana. Mai noʻonoʻo i ka ʻai ʻana i nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi. ʻIke pinepine nā Lemmings.
ʻAʻole ʻike nā ʻelele ākea ākea i ka luʻu, akā ʻaʻole lākou noʻonoʻo e ʻai i ka iʻa, no laila lawe maʻalahi aku lākou ia mai nā manu ʻē aʻe i eleu. Lele lākou i ka mea hoʻokūkū, hoʻomaka i ka pester iā ia, a i ka wehe ʻana o ka manu i kona nuku, kiʻi koke ka skua i ka mea pio. A i ʻole huki wale mai ka nuku.
ʻO ka pinepine, hana ʻia nā hoʻouka kaua hoʻokahi ma nā moku lawaiʻa, nā hale hana no ka hana ʻana i nā huahana iʻa hoʻopau ʻia iʻa. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻaihue i ka iʻa, auwana lākou i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻōpā iʻa ma kahi ahu ʻōpala. I nā manawa laki loa, ʻaʻole hiki i ka skuas ke ʻaihue i nā manu ʻē aʻe, akā e hānai wale i nā rodents a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi.
Ke hele wikiwiki nei ma kahakai, ʻai ʻo skuas i nā mollusks, nā crustacea, a me nā ola kai ʻē aʻe i liʻiliʻi iki ma mua o kā lākou nui. Mai hōʻino i ke kino make. Ke hiki mai ka wī, ʻai ʻo skuas i kā lākou mau hua ponoʻī.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Ma waho o ke kau moʻo, kamaʻilio ʻole nā manu. ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā moku lawaiʻa i ka nui o ʻelua, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ʻekolu o nā kope laha ʻole loa. Hōʻiliʻili lākou i nā hipa e hana kope i kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī.
Ma hope o ka hoʻoilo, hōʻea nā kāne i ko lākou mau home ma mua, hāʻule kēia i ka hopena o Mei, e hoʻomaka ana ʻo Iune. Hiki mai nā wahine ma hope iki. Hana ʻia nā pālua no ke ola, akā kū kaawale.
ʻIke kekahi poʻe ʻōpio i kekahi i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana o ka puna. Pālei ka poʻe kahiko me ka ʻole o nā pāʻani moʻa. Hoʻokumu kēlā me kēia pālua i kahi pūnana hou ma ke kau pono ʻana ma kahakai. Inā, i ka manawa o ka hatching, komo nā manu a holoholona ʻē aʻe paha i ka panalāʻau, a laila lawe ka skua i kona wahi. Hoʻolahalaha ke kāne kāne i kona mau māiʻuʻoiʻoi, hāʻule mai kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe me ka halulu ikaika a hoʻāʻo e hahau i ka ʻenemi
Hana pū ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana o ka pūnana. Hoʻohālike ka pūnana i kahi lua liʻiliʻi, a i 5 cm ka hohonu a hiki i 20 cm ke anawaena. Ma luna, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻaoʻao me nā lau nahele e hoʻohuli i ko lākou hale mai nā ʻenemi.
Hoʻomoe ʻia nā hua manu i Kekemapa. Loaʻa i ka pūnana mai hoʻokahi a ʻekolu (kakaʻikahi loa) nā hua. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā hua manu, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kala me nā wahi pouli. Mai ka manawa o ka huaʻana o nā hua, hoʻoulu lākou no 25-28 mau lā. Pili nā mākua ʻelua i ka hana. Ma hope o kahi manawa i hōʻike ʻia, ʻikea nā moa.
Uhi paʻa ʻia nā ʻōpio me ka pala i lalo e mahana ai mai ke anuanu ʻino. I ka mua, lawe mai ke kāne i nā kolo liʻiliʻi i nā keiki. Ke ulu nei, ulu nā mea ʻai a hiki i iʻa liʻiliʻi.
Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, hoʻomaka ka moa e aʻo i ka lele. ʻIke ia he pīhoihoi loa kēia, ʻoiai nā ana o nā moa nui loa. I ʻelua mau pule ma hope mai, e noho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ko lākou mau mākua, hoʻomaka nā keiki moa i nā lele kūʻokoʻa a me ka ʻai no ka meaʻai. Pēlā e hoʻomaka pākahi ai ko lākou ola hou.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻoiai ke nalowale nā kāne, hui kekahi wahine wahine e hānai i kā lākou mau moa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i kahi kiʻi, i ka pūnana ʻehā mau pēpē a me ʻelua mau makuahine. Huli lākou i ka lele no ka meaʻai a kiaʻi pono i kā lākou keiki. Hiki i nā manu ke oʻo makua i ka makahiki ʻehiku o ke ola. ʻO ka lōʻihi maʻamau ma kahi o 40 mau makahiki.
He mea hoihoi ʻo Skua na ka ʻepekema e nānā. Kūleʻa nui ʻia e ke ala o ke ola o nā manu, kā lākou lawena, nā meaʻai. He makua mālama nui ʻo Skuas; kaʻana like lākou i nā hopohopo ʻohana āpau. Akā ʻoiai kēia, hoʻāʻo lākou e noho hoʻokahi i ke ola, ke kaua ʻana i nā ʻenemi a me ka hōʻeha i nā hoanoho.
