Pāpaka ʻeleʻele He neʻe a me ka hoʻoilo manu, i loaʻa kona inoa ma muli o ke aloha i nā hua rowan. Pili i ke kauoha o passerines. Nui loa, loaʻa kekahi mau ʻokoʻa mai nā ʻano thrush.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ke kaumaha o kahi manu makua ma kahi o 150 gram. ʻO 30 cm ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma ka awelika. ʻO 45 mau ʻēheu. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā wahine a me nā kāne i ka nui a me ka hulu. ʻO ke kala o ka manu he motley, he nui nā kala. Mālamalama ka umauma, melemele iki, hina ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. ʻO ka kua me ka huelo he hina hina.
Ma lalo o nā ʻeheu a me ka huelo keʻokeʻo. Aia nā pouli, aneane ʻeleʻele nā hulu ma ka umauma a me ka ʻāʻī. Ikaika ka nuku, pōkole a ʻoi. ʻOi aku ka pouli ma ka hopena ma mua o ke kumu. Kūlike nā maka i ka nui, poepoe, me kahi outline ʻeleʻele, mahalo i kēia, ma ke kiʻi ka blackberry blackberry nānā ikaika a huhū paha.
ʻAʻole ʻike kēia mau manu i ka hele wāwae ma ka honua, neʻe lākou me ka lele pinepine a liʻiliʻi. ʻEʻeleʻele ko lākou paws i ke kala me nā manamana wāwae lahilahi akā ikaika a me nā māiʻuʻu ʻoi. Mānoanoa ka hulu, hamo ʻia me ka sebum, ka mea e ʻae ʻole i ka manu i ka hoʻoilo, ke ʻeli nei i ka hau i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka leo o ka thrush hiki ʻole ke kapa ʻia he chorister Akā, ʻūlū a kaniʻu ia, like me nā kani: "chak-chik-chak", a inā he mea weliweli: "ra-ra-ra". ʻAʻohe lākou hīmeni, hiki iā lākou ke twitter ma ka lele. Uwau nui lākou i ka makaʻu, e kiaʻi ana i ke kolone a me nā manu ʻē aʻe. Ke kū kokoke nā manu ʻeleʻele i kahi poʻe, hoʻonāukiuki lākou me kā lākou leo uē.
Hilahila a makaʻala kēia mau manu. ʻAʻole lākou i hilinaʻi maoli i ka poʻe, akā i kekahi manawa, ʻaʻa kekahi o lākou e kūkulu i kahi pūnana ma lalo o ka hale o kahi hale ponoʻī a i ʻole ka poli o kahi hale ʻelima mau papa.
Nā ʻano
Aia ma kahi o 60 mau ʻano i ka ʻohana thrushes. Aia wale nō he 25 mau ʻano i loko o Rūsia, eia naʻe, ʻo ka mea maʻamau o lākou he ʻewalu. Ma lalo ka papa inoa o nā ʻano i hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma nā kūlanakauhale Lūkia a me nā wahi noho ʻē aʻe.
- Songbird. ʻOkoʻa kēia mau manu mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i kā lākou sonorous, leo melodious, hoʻomanaʻo i ke mele ʻana o kahi nightingale. ʻEleʻele ka waihoʻoluʻu me ka ʻōleʻele, keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻōpū melemele.
Lohe i ka leo o ka manu mele
- ʻEleʻele. Loaʻa i nā kāne o kēia ʻano he plumage ʻeleʻele me ke kai haʻahaʻa. ʻOi aku ka māmā o nā wahine i ke kala, me nā kaha motley. Ma nā maka e ʻike ʻia kahi outline melemele ʻōlinolino, kahi leo mele.
E hoʻolohe i ka mele ʻana o ka manu ʻeleʻele
- Thrush keʻokeʻo. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī kahi kaula keʻokeʻo ma luna o nā maka, e like me ke kuʻemaka. He motley ka plumage, hina me nā pāʻele ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻulaʻula. ʻO ke mele o ka ulaula e like me ka trill.
E hoʻolohe i ka hīmeni ʻulaʻula nui
- ʻO kā Missel thrush. ʻO ka lālā nui loa o ka laha. ʻOkoʻa ke kala, keʻokeʻo ka umauma o ka mistletoe, ke kua a me ka hiʻu me kahi kala hina hina.
E hoʻolohe i ka thrush
- Pahu lāʻau. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi loa o nā ʻano ʻeleʻele. ʻĀlohilohi ke kala, ʻulaʻula ka hapa nui. He hulu polū ko nā kāne ma ko lākou ʻāʻī. I waenakonu o ka ʻāʻī aia kahi kiko keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, mahalo i loaʻa i ka thrushes nahele i kā lākou inoa ʻelua "keʻokeʻo".
- ʻO Thrush thrush. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ka ʻāpiki o nā wāwae a me ka huelo lōʻihi. ʻO nā kāne o kēia ʻano ʻeleʻele i ka waihoʻoluʻu me ka ʻōpū ʻōleʻele. Keʻokeʻo ka huelo ma lalo. ʻOi aku ka make o nā wahine, hina i ke kala.
- Thrush Monochrome. ʻO ke kala o kēia hina ʻeleʻele, me kahi aniani polū. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka umauma ma mua o ke koena o ke kino. ʻEleʻele nā wāwae, me nā manamana wāwae māmā a me nā māiʻuʻu ʻeleʻele.
- Wandering Thrush. ʻEleʻele ka hulu me nā kiko keʻokeʻo a puni nā maka a ma ka ʻāʻī. Mālamalama ka ʻōpū.
Ma waho aʻe o ko lākou helehelena, ʻokoʻa nā manu i ko lākou nohona, nā papaʻai a me nā ʻano.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Hiki i nā fieldbirds ke alakaʻi i kahi ola nomadic a me kahi mea noho. Hoʻopili lākou ma ka ʻākau o Eurasia, a neʻe i ka hema, i ʻApelika, ʻAsia Minor a me ʻEulopa paha. I ko mākou ʻāina, noho ka thrushes o kēia ʻano ma Siberia. I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe kiaʻi manu i kēlā ʻūhā kahua noho pinepine a noho pinepine i nā kūlanakauhale, keu hoʻi i nā makahiki hua.
Aia nā kolone o nā manu he 300, ma waena o nā kaiāulu a me nā ulu ulu lāʻau. ʻAʻole lākou e ʻike i ka hemahema o ka meaʻai a hoʻomanawanui i ka hoʻoilo o Rūkia. Noho lākou i nā pā nui o ke kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale kahi e ulu ai ka lehu kuahiwi. ʻAʻole lākou e kūkulu i nā pūnana i loko o ka steppes a i ʻole nā ulu lāʻau hohonu.
He manu akamai ʻo Fieldfare. He mau mea nui lākou, e hoʻāʻo nei ʻaʻole e hoʻokuʻu i nā manu ʻē aʻe, nā kānaka a me nā holoholona kokoke i ka pūnaewele pūnana. ʻO kā lākou mea e pale ai ka lepo. "Puhi" lākou i ke kolone holoʻokoʻa e lele ana e kahi manu a holoholona paha. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ke ʻano, no ka mea, he viscous a caustical ka lepo o ka thrush.
Ke kiʻi nei i ka hulu hipa a i ka hulu, pili paʻa ia iā lākou, komo i loko o ka ʻili, a hoʻowali iā ia. Ma hope o kēlā mau hoʻouka kaua, nalowale nā manu ʻē aʻe i ka hiki ke lele a make i nā ʻeha i loaʻa. Ma mua o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana, hoʻāla ka ʻāpala i kona huelo, ma kēia hōʻailona ʻike ka ʻenemi aia lākou i ka makaʻu.
Eia naʻe, ua aʻo ʻia nā ʻalalā maʻalea - nā ʻenemi i hoʻohiki ʻia o nā māla, i ka hoʻopunipuni i nā blackbirds. Hoʻouka lākou i ka huli. ʻO kahi laʻana, hoʻowalewale kekahi ʻekeke i ke kolone iā ia iho, lele nā manu ʻeleʻele āpau, a waiho i nā pūnana e ʻūʻī i ka ʻenemi a me nā puhi "ahi". I ka manawa like, piʻi mālie ka lua o ka moa i loko o nā pūnana, pecks hua manu a ʻai i nā keiki hānau hou.
Ma waho aʻe o ka pale ʻana i ko lākou ʻāina ponoʻī, kōkua nā fieldbirds i nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā hoahānau liʻiliʻi e lanakila i ka poʻe predators. Inā loaʻa ka makaʻu, e hoʻomaopopo lākou i kēlā me kēia me ka uwa nui. ʻO nā manu liʻiliʻi, e like me nā manu liʻiliʻi a me nā iʻa, e hoʻāʻo e noho kokoke i nā kolone ʻeleʻele i mea e lilo i lalo o kā lākou pale.
Ke nui nā ʻenemi, ma waena o lākou nā squirrels, jays a me hawks, waiho nā ʻeleʻele i ko lākou pūnana. Ma nā huakaʻi lōʻihi, ʻimi lākou i kahi e palekana ai kahi e noho ai. Hiki ke hoʻohina ʻia nā Thrushes, hana ʻia he manu manuā. E hana i kēia, lawe i nā moa liʻiliʻi e hāʻule mai nā pūnana mai a ʻike ʻole pehea e lele ai.
Kūkulu lākou i nā pā lāʻau, ākea a lōʻihi, a i 1 mika. E lako lākou i nā hale a me nā crossbeams no ka leʻaleʻa. Uhi ʻia ka lalo i ka wahī a me ka mauʻu mauʻu. Hānai ʻia nā manu me nā ilo, nā meaʻai palupalu, nā hua i kālai ʻia a me ka palaoa.
I ka wā hānau, hoʻonoho ʻia ka wahine ma kahi hale kaʻa nui. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, ʻaʻole hānau ka amateurs i ka māla ma ke ʻano he holoholona, akā ʻo nā manu mele e ʻoliʻoli i ko lākou leo a trill.
ʻAiʻai Pono
ʻEleʻele nā mea aloha meaʻai nui. ʻO kā lākou meaʻai punahele i ka hoʻoilo he berry paʻa. Hauʻoli lākou e ʻoki i nā hua o ka lehu kuahiwi, ke kai buckthorn, ʻāpala, viburnum. Hoʻokomo maoli nā manu i kēia mau lāʻau.
I nā pua hipa noho lākou ma luna o nā lālā, a haehae i nā hua mai nā puʻu, e ale ana iā lākou āpau. No nā kumulāʻau, maikaʻi nā ʻano hoʻouka kaua. Ke pāʻina ka ʻohana, hāʻule nā hua he nui i ka honua, kahi e kupu ai nā ʻanoʻano me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka puna.
Eia hou, ʻo ka wai mai ka ʻōpū o ka thrush ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopau loa i ka palaoa a lawe nā manu i nā hua, defecating ma nā wahi āpau. I ka hopena o ke kau, kokoke i nā lāʻau a pau i nā kauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale i waiho olohelohe, a ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau rowan, i ka hau, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā paʻi he nui o nā manamana lima o nā manu lōʻihi.
ʻAʻole makemake nui nā kamaʻāina kauwela a me nā māla i nā hoʻouka kaua like. Hana nā kānaka i nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau like ʻole mai ka lehu mauna kuʻi, ʻo ka mea nui ka loaʻa ʻana o ka manawa e ʻohiʻohi i nā hua ma mua o ka puka ʻana o nā thrushes. Eia hou, makemake kēia mau manu i nā meaʻono a inā nā mea kanu, e like me nā currants a i nā cherry, e ulu aʻe ma kahi o ka viburnum a i ʻole ka lāʻau ʻāpala, e ʻoki mua nā blackbird iā lākou.
Hoʻomanaʻo lākou i nā wahi "ʻono", a e lele ma laila i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hānai kekahi poʻe i ka thrushes e ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mea hānai. Hoʻopiha lākou i nā hua maloʻo, nā hua maloʻo a me nā ʻōpala finely.
I ka pūnāwai, hana ʻino kēia mau manu i nā mea kanu i nā māla mea kanu a me nā māla. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻeli i nā moena me ko lākou nuku i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā larvae, hoʻolei wale i nā hua i kanu ʻia i ka ʻili a hehi i nā mea kanu. Eia kekahi, hoʻouka lākou i nā moena strawberry, nā hua peck pala ʻole.
ʻO nā māla kahi e ulu ai nā ʻano hua laha ʻole a koʻikoʻi hoʻi o nā hua. I nā wahi he nui o ko mākou ʻāina, ʻae ʻia e kī i nā mea hōʻino i ke kauwela a me ka puna. Kauwela hānai ʻeleʻele ʻenuhe, nā moʻo wahie, nā ʻenuhe, nā nananana a me nā crustacea liʻiliʻi.
Hānai lākou i kā lākou mau moa me nā ilo wale a me nā ʻelala insect. Lele lākou i waho e "ʻimi" i nā māla ma kahi kokoke i ka noho ʻana o ke kolone a nānā i nā mea pio i kahi hui nui. Pā lākou i ka limu, huki i nā slug mai laila, huli i nā pōhaku, ʻeli i ka lepo a hāʻule nā lau.
Nānā pono a hoʻopaʻa pono lākou i ka ʻāina. Me kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu ke nānā aku nei lākou i ka lepo, ke nānā nei i ko lākou mau poʻo i kekahi ʻaoʻao. Ke ʻike nei i kahi ilo, hopu koke ka thrush iā ia a huki iā ia mai ka lepo, akā ʻaʻole ʻai koke.
Makemake ka manu e ʻohiʻohi i nā meaʻai hou, a no laila ʻaʻole mea e komo ai ka ilo, hoʻolei iā ia i ka honua, clog iā ia me kona nuku, a laila hoʻomau i ka ʻeli ʻana i ka mauʻu. Hana pū ʻo ia me nā nī liʻiliʻi - hammers iā lākou i nā pōhaku e māhele i ka pūpū.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Ua hōʻea ʻo Fieldfare i ka pūnaewele pūnana i ka mua o ʻApelila. Noho wale lākou i nā kolone, kahi ma kahi o 40 mau pālua. He alakaʻi ko lākou - nā manu ʻelemakule a me ka ʻike, nona nā wahi ʻoi loa o ka lāʻau e noho ai i ka "ʻohana".
Kūkulu nā thrushes kahiko i nā pūnana ma mua o nā manu ʻōpio, e hoʻoholo ana i kahi o ka noho a me ka loiloi ʻana i ka weliweli a me ka kokoke o ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole makemake lākou i nā ululāʻau malumalu, no laila koho lākou i nā kumulāʻau kahi nui ka lā o ka lā. Noho pinepine lākou me nā lunamaka o kekahi ʻano - ka ʻulaʻula. ʻAno like ka papaʻai a me ka lawena o kēia mau manu.
Kūkulu pūnana, wale nō wahine... ʻO ka mea mua, huki ʻo ia i nā lālā lahilahi a maʻalahi, kahi e ulana ai i kahi pola. Hoʻopiha i nā āpau me ka mauʻu maloʻo, a laila kāpili i nā paia o ka pūnana me ka pālolo a me ka palolo, ma loko a ma waho. Ma muli o kēia, ikaika, paʻa pono nā pūnana o nā manu ʻeleʻele i loko o 2-3 mau makahiki.
Nā kāne māla mai komo i kēia mea, akā hele pū me ka wahine ke lele ʻo ia no nā mea. Mālama pono ʻo ia i ka wahine ʻaʻole e hoʻouka ʻia e nā mea ʻino. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana o ka "plaster" i ka pūnana, lawe mai nā manu i ka mauʻu palupalu, nā lau a me nā limu ma laila. Mākaukau ka pūnana e mālama i nā hua.
Hoʻokahi ma kahi o ka lālau he 3 a 5 mau hua, ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻeleʻele i ke kala, me nā kiko pouli. He ʻano huna kēia waihoʻoluʻu mai ka maka ʻino a me ka maka ʻole. I hoʻokahi manawa, hoʻopaʻa nā ornithologists i kahi helu o nā hua i hoʻokahi paʻa - 12 mau ʻāpana.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hoʻouluulu ma kahi o 16 mau lā, pili wale ka wahine i kēia. Pale aku nā kāne, i kēia manawa, i nā pūnana a me kā lākou wahine. ʻAʻole lākou e lawe mai i ka meaʻai, no laila pono ʻo ia e ukuhi i nā hua manu a lele no ka meaʻai. Ke pā mai nā moa, hānai nā mākua iā lākou i ka huli.
Ma hope o 15 mau lā, hoʻomaka nā manu ʻeleʻele e ʻimi i ka honua ma waho o ka pūnana. ʻAʻole naʻe lākou i ʻike pehea e lele ai, akā lele lākou i nā lālā a noho paha i nā aʻa o nā nāhelehele. E ʻike i nā hoanoho a kamaʻilio pū me nā manu liʻiliʻi.
E hoʻomau ka hānai ʻana a nā mākua iā lākou no ʻelua pule, ma hope o kēia manawa, kūʻokoʻa nā moa. Ua ʻike lākou pehea e lele ai i kahi mamao aku mai ka home a loaʻa ka meaʻai. Ma hope, wahine hiki ke hoʻomoe i nā hua hou.
Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka wā pūnana, hōʻuluʻulu nā alakaʻi i kēlā me kēia mea i nā hipa, a lele nā manu ʻeleʻele. Hoʻomaka lākou e "ʻauwana", kū ma kahi i lawa ka meaʻai. Ke pau nā lako, nānā ka ʻohana i kahi hou.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kahua o ka thrushes mai 10 a 15 mau makahiki, i nā kūlana maikaʻi. I ke pio ʻana, hiki i nā manu ke noho lōʻihi, a i 20 mau makahiki. Akā, minamina, i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole nui ka hapa o lākou e ola nei i ka hopena.
Ma kahi o 20% o nā brood i kahi kolone e ʻai ola ʻia e nā mea ʻino, nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, ua ʻelemakule, e ʻeha i ka hopena like. Nui nā manu i make i ke kaua, ka pale ʻana i ko lākou pūnana a i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana. ʻO ka awelika o ke ola o ka māla hihiu ma kahi o 6 mau makahiki.
