Oatmeal — manue noho nei ma Eurasia a me ʻApelika, hoʻokumu ʻia ma Nūhōlani. ʻAʻole ia i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka nui o kahi manu liʻiliʻi. E like me a puni. Ua mākaukau ʻo ia i nā kahiki āpau mai tundra a i nā kula alpine.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka nui o kahi manu makua ma ke kaha o 25-35 g. Hūnā ka ʻeheu e 25-30 cm. Ua ulu ka lōʻihi a 16-22 cm. ʻOkoʻa ka hiʻohiʻona o nā wahine a me nā kāne i ka nui o nā ʻano, keu hoʻi i ka wā hānau.
ʻOi aku ka hulu o nā kāne. I nā kāne o nā pūpū maʻamau, ua kala ʻia ke poʻo i ka canary-kala me nā ʻoliva a me nā kahakaha hina. Aia nā blotches o ke kala like ma ka umauma a hoʻonui i ka ʻōpū. Ma ka ʻaoʻao dorsal o ke kino, aia nā ʻāpana brown, non-contrasting. He chestnut ke kino. Melemele ka umauma a ma lalo, ʻāpana ventral o ke kino.
I ka hopena o ka wā hānau, hiki mai ka wā molt hoʻoilo. Nalo ka pono e hōʻike, nalowale nā kāne i ka ʻōlinolino o ka lole hānau. Hoʻomaopopo hou nā wahine a me nā ʻōpio i ke kala o nā kāne, akā ʻoi aku ke akahai o ke ʻano o ke kala, kaohi ʻia.
Aia kekahi peculiarity i ke ola o nā māla buntings. Ua makemake ko ʻEulopa iā lākou. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā manu i nā helu he nui a hoʻokō ʻia ka hana hānai. No ke aha lākou e hoʻokau ai i nā pā i kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai ke kukui. He ʻano ʻokoʻa kā ka pouli i nā manu: hoʻomaka lākou e ʻoki ikaika i ka palaoa. I ka wā kahiko, e hoʻopulu i nā manu i ka pouli, ua kīpoʻoha wale lākou i ko lākou mau maka.
Hiki i ka fatsening oats ke pāpālua i ko lākou kaumaha. ʻO ia, ma kahi o 35 gram, hoʻomaka lākou e kaupaona 70. A laila pepehi ʻia lākou. Pono ka meaʻai Farani maikaʻi e hana i kēia kaʻina me ke komo ʻana o kahi mea inu hanohano: ua make ʻia ka oatmeal ma Armagnac.
Hoʻomoʻa ʻia nā manu i pulu i ka waiʻona. Hoʻokomo pū lākou iā lākou āpau. I ka manawa like, paʻa lākou i ka oatmeal palai me kahi kāhei, e uhi ana i ke kaʻina o ka ʻai ʻana i ka mea ʻono. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe he pono ke kāhei e ʻohiʻohi i nā iwi manu. Wahi a kekahi poʻe, ma kēia ala ua hūnā ʻia ka hana barbarism mai ke Akua.
I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 20, i nā ʻāina he nui o ʻEulopa, pāpā ʻia nā kīʻaha mai nā manu hihiu liʻiliʻi. Koi aku nā chef Farani kaulana i ka hāpai ʻana i ka pāpā. Hōʻoiaʻiʻo lākou i ke noi e ka pono e mālama i nā kuʻuna a me ka hakakā ʻana i ka mākeke ʻeleʻele gastronomic.
Hāʻawi ʻo Fate i ka manu i ke kūlana o ka ʻai wale, akā he hōʻailona pū kekahi. Ma ka USA aia moku ʻaʻan o bunting - ʻo ʻAlapela kēia. ʻO ka hui informal o nā manu a me nā limahana i ka wā o ke Kaua Kivila. ʻO nā kāhiko o nā koa o ka pūʻali koa o ka poʻe hema i hele pinepine ʻole, ʻaʻahu lākou i ke koho wale. No ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kā lākou ponoʻī mai nā malihini, humuhumu lākou i nā pā melemele, e like me nā ʻeheu o kahi manu. No laila ka inoa hōʻailona o ka mokuʻāina.
Nā ʻano
I loko o ka ʻohana oatmeal, ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻekolu mau hui:
- oatmeal o ka Old World,
- 'Amelika oatmeal,
- hānau keiki neotropical,
- kekahi moʻokūʻauhau ʻē aʻe.
Aia ka pūʻulu bunting o ka World Old i ka genus o nā buntings maoli. Ke kamaʻilio ka poʻe e pili ana i nā buntings, manaʻo lākou i nā manu o kēia genus. Loaʻa iā ia ma kahi o 41 mau ʻano. He paʻakikī e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā kiʻi kikoʻī ma muli o ka hana mau ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana.
I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā hopena o ke aʻo ʻana i nā kūpuna, hoʻololi nui ʻia i ka hoʻolauna biology, e like me ka ʻohana oatmeal. Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano o nā genus o nā puʻupuʻu maoli e hiki ai i nā kānaka ke hālāwai.
- Yellowhammer.
ʻO ka homeland o kēia manu ʻo Eurasia. Ua haku ʻo ia i nā panalāʻau āpau, koe wale no nā ʻāpana mauna kiʻekiʻe a me nā arctic. Ua hoʻolauna a hoʻonui maikaʻi ʻia ma Australia a me New Zealand.
ʻO nā manu e lele i loko o kā lākou pae, akā hiki i nā heluna ʻākau ke neʻe i Helene, ʻItalia, i ka Hikina Waena, a me ka ʻākau o Afghanistan.
Hīmeni ʻana i ka Bunting Maʻamau
- Oatmeal-Remez.
ʻIke neʻe. ʻO nā lāhui i nā ululaau taiga o Scandinavia, ʻEulopa, Siberian a me nā ʻaoʻao hikina o Rūkia. Hele i ʻĀkia Hema no ka hoʻoilo. Kūleʻa ke kala. Uhi ʻia ke poʻo o ke kāne me ka hulu ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo ka ʻāʻī.
Ke mele ʻana i ka oatmeal pemez
- Māla bunting.
Nā lāhui ma nā ʻāina a pau o ʻEulopa, e like me nā Scandinavian. Loaʻa ma ʻAsia: ʻIrana, Turkey. ʻIke mua ʻia ma India ma 2018. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻākoakoa ia i nā pūʻā hipa a neʻe i nā tropika ʻApelika. I ka hoʻomaka o ka lele, hiki i nā manu ke paʻa i nā ʻupena. ʻO ka hopena hope loa o nā manu i hopu ʻia he kaumaha loa: ua lilo lākou i mea momona maikaʻi.
- Pōhaku pōhaku.
Mai ka moana Caspian a Altai. Moe ia i ka hopena o ke kauwela. Lele nā hipa liʻiliʻi o 10-20 mau kānaka i Asia Hema.
- Dubrovnik.
ʻO nā pūnana manu ma Russia holoʻokoʻa, ma ʻEulopa. ʻO Scandinavia ka palena komohana o ka pae. Ma ka hikina ʻo Iapana. ʻO nā Winters ma nā panalāʻau hema o Kina.
A hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 21, ua manaʻo ka International Society for the Conservation of Nature ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i ka laha. I ka 2004, ua hoʻolaha ʻia kahi hōʻemi koʻikoʻi o ka helu o nā laha. ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻimi nui manu ʻana o nā manu i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, kahi e moe ai nā ala ma waena o Kina.
E hoʻolohe i ka mele ʻana o Dubrovnik
- Oatmeal māla.
Makemake i nā ʻāina mehana. Hiki ke loaʻa ma nā mokupuni ʻo Mediterranean, i nā ʻāina o ka hema o ʻEulopa. I kekahi manawa hele ʻo ia i ʻEulopa ʻEulopa. Ma muli o ke koho ʻia o nā panalāʻau me kahi aniau mehana no ka pūnana ʻana, ʻaʻole ʻano maʻamau nā mokulele kau no kēia laha. ʻOgorodnaya oatmeal i ke kiʻi ʻokoʻa iki mai ka maʻamau.
- Pā palaʻi pala.
ʻO ka oatmeal liʻiliʻi loa. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku kona kaumaha ma mua o 15 g.ʻO nā kala i nā ʻeleʻele i ka hope a me ka ʻōpū. E like me ka nui o nā buntings, ʻoi aku ka dimmer o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ka makuahine o ka crumb ka ʻākau o Russia a me Scandinavia. Kūkulu i nā pūnana ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa, ma nā wahi pohō, nā wahi puhaka. No ka hoʻoilo lele ia i India, i ka Hema o Kina.
Hīmeni ʻōmaka
- Pāluʻu ʻōniʻoniʻo melemele.
Ua lawa ka nui o ka Oatmeal. Hiki i kona kaumaha ma 25 g. ʻEleʻele nā hulu ma ke poʻo, me ka ʻokoʻa o nā kaha o ka lae - melemele lākou. He aha ka mea i hāʻawi i ka inoa i kēia ʻano manu. ʻO nā pūnana Viet a kau i nā pua i loko o nā ululāʻau coniferous a huikau o Central Siberia. No ka hoʻoilo, neʻe ʻo ia i ka hema o Kina a i India. ʻO kekahi o nā oatmeal e hōʻike ʻole ʻia ma ʻEulopa.
Ke hīmeni ʻana i ka leo ʻōpala melemele
- Prosyanka.
ʻO ka nui loa o ka oatmeal. Ua piʻi kona kaumaha i 55 g. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka manu ka nele o kahi ʻokoʻa i nā kala o nā kāne a me nā wahine. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma ka ʻākau o ʻApelika, ma Komohana a me ʻAkia Waena, ma ka hema o Lūkia.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka mila
- Polū bunting.
Kāhea pinepine ʻia kēia manu ʻo pallas oatmeal. I ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka ʻepekema Kelemania ʻo Peter Pallas, ka mea i lawelawe iā Rūsia a alakaʻi i ka noiʻi, e like me nā pua a me nā holoholona Siberian. ʻO kekahi o ka oatmeal liʻiliʻi loa. Nā pūnana Vietnam ma Siberia, ʻAsia Waena, Mongolia.
Ke hīmeni ʻana i ka polar bunting
- ʻO Reed bunting.
He inoa waena ko kēia manu: reed bunting. Nā pūnana ʻo Viet i nā kūkae, ma kapa o nā kahawai i hoʻonui ʻia e ka ʻohe. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma ʻEulopa a ma nā ʻāina ʻo Maghreb. Hāpai nā heluna o ʻApelika a me ka hoʻoilo i ka wahi like. Hele nā heluna o ʻEulopa i ka ʻĀkau o ʻApelika. ʻOhe bunting i ka hoʻoilo hiki ke hana i ka neʻe ʻana i ka meaʻai. ʻO ia, he sedentary, nomadic a me nā mea neʻe i ka manawa like.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Noho nā ʻōhua i nā wahi me ke aniau mehana, mehana e alakaʻi i kahi ʻano noho, noho sedentary. Mai nā wahi me nā ʻano aniau paʻakikī, hele aku nā manu i ka hema i ka hāʻule. I ka hanana o nā pilikiaʻai, hiki i ka neʻe ʻana o ka forage. Hiki ke hana i kēia mau neʻe i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, me ka nānā ʻole i ke kau.
I ka 1862, ua lawe ʻia kahi hoʻouka olaola. Ua hele mai nā pūpū maʻamau mai ke kapakai o Pelekane i nā mokupuni ʻo Nuzelani. ʻAʻole kēia he kaʻina hana maʻamau. Ua komo ka hui kaiaulu o ka acclimatization i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka bunting. ʻAʻole hoihoi ka poʻe kolone i nā mea ʻaihue kūloko. Ua kau koke nā puʻupuʻu ma nā mokupuni a hiki i ka Australie Lord Howe.
Hiki lākou i nā mokupuni subantarctic, akā ʻaʻole kau pūnana ma luna o lākou. Ua hoʻolauna pono ʻia nā buntings maʻamau i nā Mokupuni Falkland a me ʻApelika Hema. Hāʻawi ka resettlement ikaika o nā holoholona i nā hopena maikaʻi. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, ua manaʻo mua nā mea mahiʻai ʻo New Zealand i ka oatmeal he manu i hoʻopōʻino i ka mahiʻai.
Ma mua o ka wā kaʻa, ua noho nā buntings i nā kūlanakauhale. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia lākou ma nā hale lio a ma ke ala o ka lawe lio. Me ka nalowale o nā lio, ua nalowale nā ʻōtats mai nā kūlanakauhale. Ua emi ka nui o nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ua hoʻomaka ka noho aliʻi ʻana o ka pōhaku a me ka aspal i nā wahi āpau. ʻAʻohe mea o ka oatmeal e hānai ai a ʻaʻohe wahi e pūnana ai. ʻAʻole lākou i hāhai i ke ʻano o nā nūnū a me nā manu liʻiliʻi a haʻalele i nā kikowaena o ka lāhui.
Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā poʻe noho kūlanakauhale ke lohe a ʻike i kēia mau manu ʻaʻole ma waho wale nō. Pāleo ʻo Songbird mahalo nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he vocalist. Mālama nā kiaʻi manu ʻoihana a me nā hobbyist ʻike iā lākou ma ka home, i nā pā a me nā hale manu.
ʻO ka pinepine, mālama lākou i nā mea maʻamau, ʻohe oedmeal, pemez. ʻO kēlā me kēia kāne, manaʻo ʻia e loaʻa nā mele manu maikaʻi, hoʻonoho ʻia i kahi hale kaʻawale. He hale ākea ia e hoʻomālamalama pono ʻia. Uhi ʻia ka papahele i ke one holoi, wela. Ma waho aʻe o ka lua a me nā mea inu, hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi pahu ʻauʻau.
Hānai ʻia lākou me ka hui canary, millet, ohia ulu. Wahi a ka poʻe loea a pau, ʻo nā manu, i ka hoʻohui i ka meaʻai mea kanu, pono ka meaʻai protein. Ma ka home, ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui, loaʻa iā lākou ka ʻai, nā ʻūlū, nā larva zophobas a me nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia ʻano meaʻai ka mea nui i ka wā o ka moulting, ke moena a me ka hānai ʻana i nā moa.
Hīmeni hīmeni i kekahi manawa lilo i hae no nā manu ʻē aʻe. Mālama ʻia nā kāne no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā kenara a me nā mea hoʻohālike ʻē aʻe. Ke mālama nei i ka oatmeal, kū mai paha nā pilikia ma muli o kā lākou makaʻu.
Meaʻai kūpono
Hāpai ʻo Oatmeal i ka papaʻai mea kanu. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻanoʻano o nā lau nahele hihiu no ka meaʻai: barnyard, chaff, graves, fescue a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā hua o nā cereal i mahi ʻia e ʻumeʻume nui ʻia: ka palaoa, ka palaoa, ka ʻoka, ka millet a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
I ka wā o ka hānai ʻana, hoʻomaka ka ʻupena e ʻimi holoholona. Loaʻa lākou i ka nui. Hānai ʻo Oatmeal i nā moa i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha manawa i ke kauwela. ʻO ia, ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā nalo, nā ʻenuhe a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe i ke kauwela a pau.
I ke kau mua, ma mua o ka lele, hoʻomaka nā pūpū e hānai ikaika. I nā wahi kahi e ulu ai ka palaoa, ke ʻohi ʻia nei i kēia manawa. ʻO Oatmeal, pinepine i nā ʻohana hui, ʻike iā lākou iho kokoke i nā māla i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole ʻia, nā wahi mālama, nā alanui e lawe ʻia ai ka palaoa.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hoʻomaka ka wā male i ʻApelila, me kahi pūhaka hopena o Mei. Hoʻomaka ke kāne e hīmeni. Koho, ma ke ʻano he scaffold, nā lāʻau hoʻokahi, nā kia, nā lāʻau. ʻIke i ka wahine, wehe ʻo ia i kona mau ʻeheu, hōʻike i kona kapa. ʻO Nestles ma kahi lālā kokoke iā ia. Ma kēia, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ka hoaloha he kūleʻa. He monogamous nā Buntings no ka manawa o ka moena o kēia manawa.
Nānā ka wahine i kahi pūnaewele kūpono a hele i ke kūkulu ʻana o ka pūnana. Kau ʻia i ka honua. Ma kahi e paʻakikī e ʻike iā ia no ka holoholona e holo ana a i ʻole ke kanaka e hele aʻe ana. Maʻalahi ka pūnana - kahi kaumaha e like me ke pola. Hoʻopili ʻia ka lalo me ka limu maloʻo, ka mauʻu, ka lauoho a me ka hulu.
ʻO Nest Reed Bunting
Ke pau ka pūnana, hana ʻia he pālua. Waiho ʻia nā hua he 3-5. Uhi ʻia lākou i kahi ʻano masking me nā laina ʻeleʻele lahilahi a me nā kiko o ke kala ʻole. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua manu e ka wahine. Hāʻawi ka makua kāne o ka ʻohana i meaʻai nāna.
Ma hope o 13-15 mau lā, hatch ka pūnana, lawe lima, ʻike maka ʻia, uhi ʻia me lalo. Hānai nā mākua ʻelua iā lāua. I ka papaʻai hua palaoa maʻamau no nā manu, hoʻokomo ʻia nā nāhelehe ʻēheu ʻēheu a ʻēheu hoʻi. Ma hope ma kahi o 21-23 mau lā, hoʻomaka nā pīpī e haʻalele i ko lākou home.
I kēia manawa, kū ka wahine i ka nānā ʻana i nā moa: hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kūkulu i kahi pūnana hou. Hānai ke kāne i nā moa i waiho ʻia e ka makuahine. Akā wikiwiki loa lākou e kūʻokoʻa. ʻEkolu mau pule mai ka manawa e puka mai ai ka pua mai ka pūpū i nā lele kūʻokoʻa a me ka hānai ʻana.
ʻO nā pēpē ʻōpio, me ka nānā ʻole i ka wahine, nā kala like lākou, ʻaʻole me ka ʻōlinolino, e like me nā wahine makua. Loaʻa nā kāne i nā plumage mālamalama ma hope, ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana. I ke kau aʻe, ua mākaukau nā manu ʻōpio e hānai a hānai i kā lākou keiki ponoʻī.
Puʻu ʻōhua
Pau ʻano oatmeal ʻelua, i kekahi manawa hana ʻia ʻekolu mau paʻa i kēlā me kēia kau. Hoʻolahalaha hou ʻia ka manawa i ka manawa e hiki ai ke lilo i ka hilinaʻi ʻole i ke anilā, e uku no ka nalo ʻana o nā hua a me nā moa ma muli o nā hana a nā mea ʻino. Nui nā ʻenemi i mākaukau e luku i ka pūnana: nā ʻalalā, nā koʻokoʻo, nā mea ʻai liʻiliʻi. ʻElua wale nō ala o ka pale ʻana i ka buntings - camouflage a me ka haʻalele ʻana i ka pūnana, e hoʻohālike nei he maʻalahi ka mea pio.
Noho nā Buntings no ʻekolu mau makahiki. I nā zoo a ma ka home, pālua ka lōʻihi o ke ola. ʻO ka mālama maikaʻi a me kahi ola hilahila ʻole e alakaʻi i nā moʻolelo i ka lōʻihi o ke ola. Ma ka Zoo Berlin, ua hoʻopaʻa nā kiaʻi manu i ka make ʻana o bunting i ka makahiki 13.
