Petrel - ka poʻe holo kai
ʻO ka manu poetic loa - ʻenekela. No ke aha i kapa ʻia ai pēlā? wehewehe maʻalahi ʻia. Lele haʻahaʻa ka manu, kokoke i ka nalu. I ka wā maikaʻi ʻole ke anuanu ka makani, ulu nā nalu. Piʻi ka manu i kahi kiʻekiʻe loa. A i ʻole, e like me ka ʻōlelo a nā luina, e noho ana ma luna o ka moku. Pēlā, hoʻolaha i ka ʻino e hiki mai ana.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Hōʻike ka hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau manu i kahi propensity no nā lele kai lōʻihi. ʻO ka wingpe o kekahi mau ʻano he 1.2 mika, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 0.5 mika. ʻO ka ʻohana petrel kahi ʻāpana o ke kauoha o nā ʻaila a i ʻole nā ihu paipu.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa i hoʻoholo i ke komo ʻana i kēia kaʻawale ke ʻano o nā puka ihu. Aia lākou i nā paipu chitinous elongated ma luna o ka nuku.
Pelu ʻia ka manu i ka like. Petela i ke kiʻi hōʻike i kona mau ʻano aerodynamic. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kinona kino. Lōʻihi a hāiki hoʻi nā ʻeheu. ʻO ke kaola lele he "ʻumiʻumi". ʻAʻole lele ka ʻaila ʻaihue, akā lele kahe, ke hoʻohuli ʻino nei. Hōʻike ka makani mai nā nalu e hāpai i ka hāpai aʻe a mālama i ka ikehu no nā manu.
ʻAʻohe pili iki ʻo Petrels i ka ʻāina. Hōʻike ʻia kēia e nā wāwae pūnaewele. Ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia lākou i hope e pili ana i ke kikowaena o ka umekaumaha o ka manu. Kūpono no ka hoe ma mua o ka hele wāwae. Hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa nā manamana hope ma luna o lākou.
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ke kino i pena ʻia i nā kala māmā: hina, keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka mea kiʻekiʻe - i ka pouli: hina, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele, brown. ʻAe kēia i ka manu e noho inconspicuous kūʻē i ke kāʻei kua o ka lani a me ke kai. Ua pouli loa kekahi ʻano, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele.
ʻO nā manu e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻenekahi petrel a me nā manu nūnū ʻo Cape hiki ke kaena i kahi hiʻohiʻona nani ma ka ʻaoʻao luna o nā ʻeheu a ma ke poʻo.
Nā ʻano
MA ʻohana petrel hui pū ʻia kekahi mau moʻokūʻauhau. Hōʻike ʻia nā manu nui loa e nā genel nunui petrus. Hāpai kēia genus i ka inoa ʻōnaehana Macronectes. Aia i loko o ʻelua ʻano ke ʻano like:
- ʻEnekela nunui Hema.
Hoʻokumu kēia manu i nā pūnana i nā Mokupuni Falkland, ma ka hema o Patagonia, ma ke kahakai o Antarctica.
- ʻAmiha nunui nunui.
Hōʻike ka inoa o kēia ʻano hānai i nā keiki ma ka ʻākau o kona hoahānau. ʻO ka mea nui ma ka South Georgia Island.
Hiki i ka ʻūheu o nā petrel nunui i 2 m. Hiki ke lōʻihi o ke kino i 1 m. ʻO kēia ka genus manu nui loa o ka ʻohana.
Aia ma waena o nā petrel kahi genus me ka inoa o kahi keiki: fulmars. ʻElua ʻano i ka genus:
- Lapuwale maʻamau.
- Fulct Antarctic.
Hoʻopili pū kēia genus i ʻelua mau mea make i ka Miocene. I nā manu o kēia ʻano, 0,5-0.6 m ka lōʻihi o ke kino, hāmama nā ʻeheu i 1.2-1.5 m. Noho pū lākou ma nā latitu ʻākau. Hana lākou i nā kolone nui ma nā pōhaku. Kēia manu ʻaila holoholo nui. Ua loaʻa kona inoa ma muli o ka piha ʻole o ka makaʻu i ke kanaka.
Loaʻa i ka genus kahi inoa hoihoi like:
- ʻO Pintado.
Hiki ke unuhi ʻia ka inoa o kēia manu mai Paniolo, e like me ka manu nūnū i ka ʻahu. He ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo nā manu a me nā lau-e like me nā ʻēheu a me ka huelo. ʻO ka nui o ka Cape Dove e like me ka nui o ka Fulmar. ʻO nā manu o kēia pūnana genus ma Nūhōlani, Tasmania, ma nā mokupuni Antarctic.
ʻO ke iʻa ke kumu o ka papa kuhikuhi ʻaila ʻaila. Akā aia kekahi manu i kū i mua iā plankton.
- Manu kohola.
Loaʻa i ka genus o kēia mau manu he 6 ʻano. ʻOkoʻa lākou āpau mai nā ʻaila ʻē aʻe i ko lākou nuku pōkole a mānoanoa. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manu kohola ma Cape manu nūnū. Hoʻokumu nā manu kohola i ko lākou mau pūnana ma ke kahakai ʻo Antarctic.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano he nui i loko o ka genus maʻamau:
- ʻO Typhoon.
ʻO nā manu o kēia ʻano e holoholo ana ma ka ʻAkelanika, ka Moana Pākīpika, a hele aʻe i ka moana Iniana. Hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i ke Kai Hema. Aia nā ʻano laha loa i waena o nā manu o kēia genus. ʻO kahi laʻana: ʻO typhoon Bermuda. ʻO ka mōʻaukala o kēia manu kahi ʻano nui o nā ʻaila. I ka makahiki 17, ua hoʻomohala ka poʻe iā Bermuda. Ua hōʻea nā holoholona me nā kolone. E like me nā pōpoki a me nāʻiole. Ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka hui ʻana o nā manu a me nā holoholona i hoʻolauna ʻia i nā mokupuni, ua nalo ʻino nā typhoons Bermuda.
- Piha ʻaila mānoanoa.
Kāhea wale ʻia kēia ʻano manu o nā manu. ʻO ia, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻano i loko o ka genus me ka hiki ke aʻo aku no kahi ʻino e hiki mai ana. ʻAno like nā kinona a me nā nui o nā nuku o nā manu kohola a me nā ʻaila mānoanoa.
Ke koi nei ka genus i ke poʻo inoa o nā petrel maoli:
- ʻAmiha ʻaila maoli.
ʻO kēia ke ʻano nui o nā manu. Hoʻokomo nā ʻepekema i 25 mau ʻano i loko. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ko lākou pūnana mai ke kapakai o ʻIceland a hiki i Hawaii a me Kaleponi. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka genus i nā manu o ka nui kaulike. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻeheu hohola ma mua o 1.2 m ka lōʻihi. Ua kapa ʻia ka inoa o ka genus ma hope o nā ʻaila maoli no kahi kumu. I loko o ke kau, hiki i kēia poʻe nomad ke uhi i kahi mamao o 65,000 km.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻO ka nohona o nā ʻaukā ka moana kai honua. I ka wā moekolohe wale nō lākou i ʻike ai iā lākou iho i ko lākou ʻāina hānau. ʻEnekini holoholo hana mau i kona pūnana kahi i loaʻa ai iā ia ke ola.
Ma ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole mālama nā manu i kā lākou keiki, akā ʻo nā ʻenemi kekahi. ʻO ka mea mua, e ka poʻe. Ma ka hema o Chile, ua loaʻa i nā archaeologists ka hōʻike e ʻai nui ana ka ʻohana Midden i nā manu kai, e like me nā ʻaila, 5,000 mau makahiki i hala.
ʻO ka Aborigines a me nā luina maʻamau a me ka nui o nā hua i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, nā moa a me nā mākua. ʻAʻole i kū kēia hana i kēia manawa. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua nalowale kūpono kekahi mau ʻano.
ʻO ka wahi o nā pūnana ma nā wahi hiki ʻole ke hoʻopakele pinepine i ka poʻe mai ka poʻe a pale ʻole i ka pale o ka honua. Ua loli nui ʻia kekahi ʻano manu e ka helehelena o nā pōpoki, nā ʻiole a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻolauna ʻia (hoʻolauna ʻia e nā kānaka) ma nā mokupuni mamao.
Hoʻopakele ka pale hui ʻana mai nā mea hōʻeha mai ka lewa. Ua aʻo kekahi ʻano ʻenekini i ka puha ʻana i kahi wai ʻaʻala a pilau, me ke kōkua o lākou e kipaku aku ai i ka ʻenemi.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻAi ka hapanui o nā ʻaila i nā iʻa, hopu i nā crustacea a me nā heʻe. Hiki ke ʻai ʻia nā meaʻai protein o kahi nui kūpono. Mākaukau mau mākou e loaʻa kālā mai nā koena o ka pāʻina a haʻi. E hana ai i kēia, ukali lākou i nā pūʻā holoholona o ke kai. Me ka lawaiʻa ʻana a me nā moku kū moku. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻowahāwahā i nā manu make a me nā holoholona ma luna o ka wai.
ʻO nā petrel nunui wale nō ka hiki ke ʻimi ʻimi ma ka ʻāina i kekahi manawa. Hoʻouka lākou i nā moa i waiho ʻole ʻia. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā kāne e hōʻino i nā pūnana o haʻi a lawe ʻino i nā moa.
ʻO nā ʻaila ʻo ka genus o nā manu kohola he mau pā i ko lākou nuku e ʻano ʻano kānana. Neʻe ka manu i ka papa o ka wai i kahi ala i kapa ʻia he aquaplaning. No kēia hoʻohana ʻo ia i nā paws a me nā ʻeheu. ʻAe ka manu i ka wai ma loko o kona nuku, kānana a komo i loko o ka plankton.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
No ka hoʻoulu a hānai keiki, hui pū nā manu i nā kolone. Hiki i nā kaiāulu manu pākahi i kahi mau miliona a ʻoi paha. Aia nā plus a me nā minus i ka noho like ʻana. ʻO ka plus ka pale pale. ʻO Minus - paʻakikī e loaʻa kahi wahi kūpono e hana i kahi pūnana. Aia ka hoʻokūkū ikaika no nā pūnaewele kūpono no ka pūnana.
I ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana, ʻākoakoa nā ʻaila kālahi ma kahi a lākou i hānau mua ai. Ua koho ʻia 76% o nā manu e hana i kēia. ʻO Philopatria, ke aloha i ka wahi hānau, ʻaʻole wale i ke kani ʻana o nā manu i hōʻoia ʻia. Akā ma ka nānā ʻana i ka DNA mitochondrial. Ua hoʻololi ʻia aia kahi pānaʻi liʻiliʻi o nā gen i waena o nā kolone hoʻokahi.
Ua ʻike ʻia kēlā ʻenekela — manu monogamous Mālama ʻia ka monogamy i ka wā o ka pūnana a i hoʻomau ʻia no kekahi mau kau ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia. E like me ka ʻōlelo e noho pū ka lua ʻaʻole wale ma ka pūnana, akā i ka wā o nā lele nomadic ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia.
Mākaukau nā ʻano pākahi liʻiliʻi e hana kope ma ka makahiki ʻekolu. Hiki i nā mea nui ke hoʻomaka e hana kope wale i ka makahiki 12. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka lawena. ʻOkoʻa iki i nā hula hoʻokipa a nā manu e hana ai i kēlā me kēia lā ke hui lākou ma ka pūnana.
ʻO nā ʻike nui ma ka ʻili o ka honua e hana i ka hanana maʻalahi. ʻO ka hana o ia pūnana hoʻokahi: ʻaʻole e hoʻokuʻu i ka hua e ʻōwili. Hoʻohana nā ʻano manu liʻiliʻi i nā lua a me nā kahawai no nā pūnana. Haʻalele nā kāne i ke kolone no kekahi mau lā ma mua o ka hoʻomoe ʻana i kahi hua manu. Manaʻo ʻia he kumu kēia no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā meaola i ke kino o nā manu.
ʻO ka wahine, ma hope o kahi pāʻani moʻo pōkole, waiho i hoʻokahi hua manu. A lele aku i kai e hānai ai. I ka mua, komo ka kāne i ka incubation. Hoʻololi nā kuleana i kēlā me kēia manawa. Ma ka pūnana, hoʻololi ke kāne a me ka wahine. Ma hope o 40 mau lā, ʻikea ka moa. Noho kekahi o nā mākua me ia no nā lā mua no ka pale a mehana. ʻŌpio ʻenekela ulu lohi.
ʻO nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i loko o 2 mau mahina. Pono nā ʻano petrel nui i 4 mau mahina e lilo i kūʻokoʻa. Ma ke oʻo ʻana, nalowale nā moa me nā mākua a mau loa aku. Loaʻa i nā petrels kahi ola o 15 mau makahiki. Aia kahi laʻana o nā manu i hiki i 50 mau makahiki.
ʻO kekahi mau kolone petrel he mau miliona o nā manu, he mau haneli a he ʻumi paha mau kānaka. Akā ma nā wahi a ke kanaka e ʻike ai, nalowale nā manu. Hopu ke kanaka i kahi iʻa nui.
Waiho ʻia nā manu me ka ʻai ʻole. Akā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, make nui lākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi ʻano o nā pono lawaiʻa. ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ke ʻano lawaiʻa loloa ka mea weliweli loa.
I ka makahiki 2001, ua ʻaelike ʻia ma waena o nā ʻāina lawaiʻa nui e hana i nā hana e mālama ai i nā wahi a lākou e hānau ai manu kai: ʻenekela, tern, albatross a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Hāʻawi ka ʻaelike i kahi hoʻololi o ka lawaiʻa ʻana i mea e pale aku ai i ka make ʻana o nā manu. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mokupuni mai nā mea neʻe liʻiliʻi a me nā rodents.
