ʻO ke ola kūikawā o ka dipper maʻamau e kau i ka manaʻo o ka hapa nui o nā ornithologists. Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi a me ka like like i ka poʻe maʻamau, ua kapa ʻia ka manu he thrush wai a i ʻole kahi manu wai.
ʻO Watery ka manaʻo o kāna mea hōʻalo i ka wai, no ka mea me ka ʻole o ia he manu ʻaʻohe kumu. ʻO wai ʻo ia? kūpenuʻu, he aha ke ʻano o ke ola e alakaʻi ai a no ke aha ʻo ia e ʻumeʻume ai i ka manaʻo o ka ʻepekema?
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO Dipper ka manu ʻē ʻē o ka papa lehulehu o nā passerines. ʻO ka helu o kēia kaʻawale ma kahi o ʻelima kaukani mau ʻelele o nā nui like ʻole. ʻOi aku ka like o ka gannet me ka starling ma mua o ka thrush i ka nui, ʻo ke kāne he 20 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻoi iki ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahine, a hiki i 18 cm. Paona ia ma kahi o 50 mau gram, aia kekahi poʻe i kaupaona a hiki i 90 gram. I ka wā o ka lele, ʻo ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā ʻeheu a i 30 cm.
Kūleʻa loa ke kino, hoʻopōkole ʻia ma muli o kahi huelo liʻiliʻi. Pōkole ka ihu a hoʻopili ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao, kahi mea e huli ai i luna. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia laʻana ka loaʻa ʻole o ka mānoanoa cutaneus ma ke kumu o ka nuku. Aia nā nostril, uhi lākou me nā valves horny.
Loaʻa ke ʻano like o nā puka pepeiao, maʻalahi e ʻimi i ka meaʻai ma lalo o ka wai a huli i nā pōhaku.
ʻOiai he pilikia loa e hālāwai me kahi dipper, ʻoiai ʻaʻole makemake ia i nā hoanoho a me nā mea nānā, he mea maʻalahi ke hoʻomaopopo iā ia. Pana nā ʻepekema i ka wikiō a me nā kiʻi i ka manawa o ka incubation o nā hua manu, ke haʻalele ʻole nā manu i ka pūnana.
ʻO Dean ma ke kiʻi ʻano like me kēia: ʻo nā ʻeheu, kua a me ka huelo he plumage ʻeleʻele e hoʻolei uliuli, a "kau ʻia" ke kola keʻokeʻo ma ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū. Kālā ʻeleʻele ke poʻo. Inā ʻoe e nānā i ka manu a kokoke, ʻike ʻia kahi hiʻohiʻona ma ke kua i ke ʻano o nā unahi, ʻaʻole ʻikea ia mai kahi mamao.
ʻO ke kala o nā manu, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka wahine a me ke kau, noho mau ʻole. Pili wale ia i ke ʻano o nā manu. He ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ke kala a nā Chicks. Hinahina ʻeleʻele ko lākou kua me kahi ʻano scaly, a hina hina ka umauma.
Pulu loa ka hulu o ka manu a aia ma ke ala e hele ʻole ai ka ea ma waena o lākou, a ʻo ka mea hou, lubricate ka mau ʻōpuʻu i ka plumage me ka hūnā ʻana o nā momona momona, e like me ka nui o nā moa wai. Ma muli o kēia, ʻaʻole pulu ka pulu mai ka bapetizo ʻana i ka wai.
Aia nā manamana lōʻihi ma nā wāwae lahilahi, ʻekolu e nānā i mua, a hoʻokahi hoʻi kua pōkole. He māiʻuʻoi ko kēlā me kēia manamana lima, no ka mea e mālama pono ka manu ma nā pali pōhaku a me nā ʻāhinahina.
Hoʻohanohano ʻia ka thrush wai e nā mele nani. E like me nā manu, nā kāne wale nō e hīmeni, nani ka nani o ke mele i ka wā o ka male ʻana. Nui loa nā kani e kani ai, a hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolohe iā lākou i ka hoʻoilo, kahi maʻamau no kēia ʻano passerine.
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona ka immersion i loko o ka wai hau, ʻo ia ke kumu i loaʻa ai iā lākou ka inoa kapakapa - luʻu. Hiki i ka manu ke luʻu i loko o ka wai me nā mahana a hiki i (-40) kekelē, auwana ma lalo, ʻai a hele i waho o ka ʻāina. ʻPerpuʻu manaʻo nuima ka hau.
Nā ʻano
Ma nā panalāʻau o Rūsia, i ka hoʻohui o ka dipper maʻamau, ola kēpau ʻeleʻele... ʻO kona ʻāina ʻāina Hikina Hema. Makemake nā manu o kēia ʻano i nā pae mauna, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike iā lākou ma Tien Shan a i ʻole Pamir, a ma nā kahakai o ke kai ʻākau a me Iapana.
ʻO ka peculiarity o kēia manu ʻaʻole ʻoe e loaʻa iā ia ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Makemake ʻo ia i nā kahawai mauna wikiwiki me ka wai anuanu e hau ʻole i ka hoʻoilo. Inā paʻa ka wai, nānā nā manu i nā lua.
No laila ua kapa ʻia nā ʻelele Brown no ka mea he ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele maoli paha lākou. ʻAʻohe o lākou ʻano keʻokeʻo. Nui aʻe ʻo ia ma mua o kāna ʻohana. Inā ʻole, kūlike nā ʻano āpau.
Ma waho aʻe o nā dippers maʻamau a me ka brown, aia he ʻekolu mau ʻano hou: ʻAmelika, griffon a me ke poʻo ʻulaʻula 'Speaklelo nā inoa āpau no lākou iho, kūlike i ke kala a i ʻole ka nohona. ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā laha.
Uhi uhi ʻia kahi manu ʻAmelika a me Mekiko paha i ka hulu hina, i kekahi manawa ʻikea nā hulu keʻokeʻo ma nā lihilihi maka. Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona me kahi poʻo ʻeleʻele. Hoʻolaha ʻia mai Panama a i Alaska. He mau wāwae lahilahi kona, e hiki ai iā ia ke holo koke ma nā kapa pōhaku o nā kahawai kuahiwi.
Noho ka dipper grizzly ma ʻAmelika Hema. ʻAʻole ka helu o ka poʻe i ka makaʻu i ka make ma waena o nā kiaʻi manu. Loaʻa kēia i ka hiki iā ia ke paʻi i nā moa i ʻelua mau manawa o ka makahiki, ʻaʻole ia ka hihia me nā passerine ʻē aʻe.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻO ka palena o ka hāʻawi o ka Dipper ka mea nui. ʻIke ʻia kona ʻano like ʻole ma ke Kola Peninsula, ma ka hema o Siberia, ma nā Urals, ma ʻAsia a ma ʻApelika hoʻi. Loaʻa kekahi mau mea kōkua i nā mokuʻāina mauna o ʻAkau ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Hema.
Hoʻonohonoho nā manu i ko lākou wahi noho ma kapa o nā kahawai kuahiwi anuanu, akā ʻaʻole lākou noʻonoʻo e noho kokoke i nā kahakai o nā loko wai hou a me nā kai. ʻO kahi mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka pāpaʻi mai nā manu ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka akāka a me ka mōakāka o ka wai, kahi e maʻalahi ai ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai.
ʻAʻole hoihoi ka wai lepo i nā manu, akā i ka wā o ka lele hiki iā lākou ke komo i loko o lākou. He paʻakikī loa e hui ma nā panalāʻau palahalaha, aia wale nō i ka wā auwana a me ka noho hou ʻana o ka ʻōpio makua.
I ka wā o ka male ʻana, koho kekahi poʻe i nā wai o ke kahawai ʻoi aku. Makemake lākou e noho ma luna o nā papa hau, peʻe lākou ma lalo o lākou i ka wā o ka moena ʻana. Inā ʻoe e kipa i nā kahawai kuahiwi i ka hoʻoilo, lohe ʻoe i ke mele lōʻihi, lōʻihi a nani hoʻi. ʻOi aku ke keʻokeʻo ʻia kahi kāne i ka wahine.
Nani ke kiʻi: hoʻohaʻahaʻa ke kāne i kāna huelo hāmama a me nā ʻeheu ākea, hehi i kahi, ʻāwī a hīmeni.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ka mea hoʻokaʻawale i nā wahi o ka hānai ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā hua. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā pūnaewele a i ʻekolu mau mika. ʻO ia, lele aku ke kāne mai ka pūnana a loaʻa ka meaʻai, ʻoiai e noho ana ka wahine i ka pūnana. I kekahi manawa haʻalele ka wahine i ka pūnana e ʻimi i ka meaʻai a mehana wale.
Hāpai nā Diper i kā lākou keiki i nā pūnana like i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike iā lākou ma kapa o nā muliwai, ma lalo o nā aʻa i holoi ʻia o nā kumulāʻau kahakai, ma nā pōhaku pālahalaha ʻokoʻa, i nā kuahiwi mauna a ma ka honua wale nō, akā kokoke mau i ka wai.
ʻO nā pono hana no nā hale:
- mauʻu maloʻo;
- nā lālā liʻiliʻi a me nā aʻa;
- limu;
- limu
Mai loko mai, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka pūnana me nā lau maloʻo, nā koena o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā holoholona. He kinipōpō ke nānā aku, pani paʻa loa ʻia. Ma mua he puka komo e kū pono ana i ka wai. Ua uhi makaʻu ʻia kēia lua e nā manu.
He manu neʻe ʻo Deer ʻaʻole paha? I ka hoʻoilo, ma muli o ke kūpikipiki o nā kino wai, lele lele nā dippers kokoke i nā wahi hema, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke loaʻa maʻalahi ka meaʻai, a hoʻi i ko lākou pūnana me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela. Ke hoʻoponopono hou ʻia nei ka "hale" pōʻai a ke waiho nei nā hua.
Aloha nui ʻia ka pēpē nimble e nā lāhui ʻākau, a ma Nolewai he hōʻailona ia o ka lāhui. Wahi a nā moʻolelo kahiko, kau ʻia kona mau ʻeheu ma luna o kahi moe. Manaʻo ʻia e ulu a ikaika nā keiki, ikaika a olakino hoʻi, e like me ka palu.
Meaʻai kūpono
Wahi a ka nui o ka manu, ʻaʻole paʻakikī e koho i kāna mea e ʻai ai:
- ilo:
- nā puʻupuʻu a me kā lākou larvae;
- nā caddisflies;
- kaviara;
- moa o ka iʻa liʻiliʻi.
Ma ka laulā, nā mea āpau e kau i ka nuku ma ke kahakai a ma lalo o ka wai. E like me kā mākou i ʻike ai ma mua kūpenu ma lalo o ka wai manaʻo nui. Hoʻoikaika ia i ka lewa ma ka ʻili, a laila hoʻoliʻiliʻi loa kona poʻo ma lalo o ka wai, e hoʻāʻo nei e hopu i ka mea pio.
A i ʻole hele loa i lalo o ka wai, holo ma lalo, rummages ma lalo o nā pōhaku, lele i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Kūpono i ke kahawai. Hiki iā ia ke holo i 20 mau mika ma lalo. Hiki i ka manu ke wehe i kona mau ʻeheu i pahu ka wai iā ia i lalo, a i kona pelu ʻana, pahu aku ʻo ia iā ia i luna.
Kū ka nīnau, inā aia ma lalo o ka wai no ka manawa lōʻihi, he aha ka hanu? No ka hana ʻana i kēia, lawe ka manu i nā huʻa ea e hana ma nā hulu i ka luʻu ʻana, mahalo i ka momona nui.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hiki i nā manu ke hānai keiki i ʻelua mau manawa o ka makahiki, me ʻelima a ʻehiku mau manu e hiki mai ana. Liʻiliʻi nā hua, a hiki i ka 2.5 cm ka lōʻihi. Ke keʻokeʻo o ka pūpū keʻokeʻo, ʻaʻohe kīnā, e like me nā manu. Ma waena o 17 - 20 mau lā, hoʻoulu ka wahine i nā hua, aneane hele ʻole no ka hānai ʻana. Lawe ke kāne i ka meaʻai. Mālama pū kekahi ʻo ia i ka palekana o kona ʻohana.
I ka lā iwakālua, hatch nā hua a hōʻike i nā moa. Uhi ʻia nā ʻūpā liʻiliʻi me ka fluff hina me ka nuku melemele a me kahi kumu ʻalani mānoanoa, mai nā minuke mua e hōʻike ana iā lākou iho me ka ʻeleu, e hāmama ana i ka waha e ʻimi i ka meaʻai
I nā manawa āpau, ke noho nei lākou i ka pūnana, hāʻawi ka wahine a me nā kāne iā lākou i ka meaʻai a mālama iā lākou i kēlā me kēia hiki.
Piʻi koke ʻo Chicks, ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina hele lākou i waho a nānā i ko lākou mau mākua, e peʻe ana ma hope o nā pōhaku. E aʻo nā kamaliʻi i ka mahi ʻai a lele. Ke haku lākou i kēia ʻepekema, ola ka wahine a me ke kāne iā lākou mai ka pūnana a i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa. Hana maʻamau kēia i ka hāʻule. Hoʻomaka nā mākua i ka hoʻomoe lua.
Ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki, oʻo makua nā keiki a hoʻomaka i ka male. Hoihoi loa! Ke hana nei i nā pālua hou, noho nā manu i kahi ʻokoʻa ma ke kahakai o nā waihona wai wai.
Nui ka lōʻihi o ka ʻāina i noho ʻia, 1.5 km. Pale aku lākou i ko lākou ʻāina mai ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana a nā hoalauna, nā kūpenu like a me nā manu ʻē aʻe. Noho ʻo Dippers ma ka awelika a ʻehiku mau makahiki.
I ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻano āpau, nui ka poʻe e hoihoi i kēia ʻano manu. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi wahi kūikawā i nā mākaukau kūikawā e luʻu ai, auwana ma lalo a lele pū hoʻi ma lalo o ka wai, eia kekahi, i ka wai hau. He mea hoʻowalewale kēia hiʻohiʻona, akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā kānaka āpau ke hopu iā ia, ʻoiai ʻaʻole makemake nā manu i ka poʻe.
Manu deer neʻe, akā hoʻi mau i ko lākou mau home. Aia kona kū hoʻokahi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hoʻomaʻa koke i kā lākou keiki i ke ola e hiki mai ana, a ma hope iho ʻaʻole lākou e hui pū. A ma muli o ka hana ʻana o ka pua i ʻelua mau manawa i ka makahiki, nui ka lehulehu o nā dippers a ʻaʻohe mea e hopohopo ai no kona nalo ʻana.
