I nā wahi āpau o kā mākou ʻāina, ʻo ka manu ʻo kekahi o nā manu manu maʻamau. Ua maʻa nā poʻe i kēia mau manu a ʻaʻole ʻike iki i ko lākou alo kokoke iā lākou no ka manawa lōʻihi. Aia lākou ma nā wahi āpau: nā kaupaku, nā uea, ka ea - ʻo kēia a pau ko lākou wahi noho maʻamau.
Wehewehe Sparrow
I ke kūlohelohe, nui loa nā manu e like loa me nā manu liʻiliʻi.... Akā ʻaʻole pono iki nā ʻāpana o kēia mau manu iā lākou. Aia ma kahi o 22 mau ʻano o kēia manu, 8 o ia mau ʻano e loaʻa a puni iā mākou. ʻOia hoʻi:
- brownie - kahi noho o Eurasia, ma Rūsia - i nā panalāʻau āpau, koe wale no ka ʻākau a me ka tundra;
- kahua - hiki ke loaʻa i ke ʻano o nā ʻāina o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika Hema;
- hau - ʻike ʻia nā kolone i ka Caucasus a ma ka ʻaoʻao hema hikina o Altai;
- pale umauma ʻeleʻele - kahi kamaʻāina o ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻApelika a me Eurasia;
- ʻulaʻula - i Lūkia ʻike ʻia ia ma nā Mokupuni Kuril a me ka hema o Sakhalin;
- pōhaku - ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka wahi o nā noho ma Altai, ma Transbaikalia, ka moku ʻo Volga lalo, ma ka moku ʻo Caucasus;
- ʻĀina honua Mongolian - kahi noho mau o ka ʻaoʻao komohana o Transbaikalia, ka Repubalika o Tuva, Altai Teritori;
- manamana pōkole - he pōhaku a he mauna mauna kona ʻāina aloha, no laila hiki ke loaʻa pinepine ʻia ma Dagestan.
Helehelena
Kamaʻāina nā mea āpau me ke ʻano o ka manu peʻa. Liʻiliʻi ka manu. I ka mua, he ʻano hina hina paha kona plumage, akā inā ʻoe e nānā pono, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kaha o nā leo ʻeleʻele ma luna o nā ʻeheu, a me nā blotches ʻeleʻele. ʻO ke poʻo, ka ʻōpū a me nā wahi kokoke i nā pepeiao, he mau waihoʻoluʻu māmā, a he ʻokoʻa hoʻi mai ka hina hina a i ka brown brown.
Ua hoʻonani ʻia ko lākou poʻo me ka nuku pouli ikaika. Pōkole ka huelo, monochromatic. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 15 cm, a ʻo ke kaumaha o ke kino ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 35 gram. Hiki i ka ʻēheu ke piʻi i 26 cm.
Hoihoi ia! Loaʻa nā ʻokoʻa a nā wahine a me nā kāne ma waena o lākou. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. A ʻaʻohe wahi mālamalama o ka hope i ka mua o ka auwae a me ka umauma o nā kāne.
Hoʻonani ʻia nā maka o nā manu me kahi outline hina hina ʻeleʻele. He mau lālā pōkole a wī ko nā manu liʻiliʻi me nā māiʻuʻu nāwaliwali. ʻO ka hapanui ʻike mākou i nā manu liʻiliʻi o ka hale a me ka mahina ʻai. ʻAʻole paʻakikī e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia mau ʻano ʻelua mai kēlā me kēia ʻē aʻe: he pāpale hina hina ka hale manu kāne ma ka pāpale poʻo o ke poʻo, ʻoiai he pāpale kokoleka kā ka manu manu. He ʻāpana kala kala like ʻole ko ka manu o ka hale ma kēlā me kēia ʻēheu, a ʻelua o ka manu kula. Ma nā ʻano māla o nā manu, hiki ke loaʻa nā mea ʻeleʻele ma nā papalina, a hohola ʻia ke kola keʻokeʻo a puni ka ʻāʻī. Ma ke kumukānāwai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hulu o ka hale a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o kona ʻohana.
ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia mau manu i pālahalaha i ko mākou ʻāina he mau hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona.
- Manu liʻiliʻi ʻeleʻele... he kala chestnut ma ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī, ka nape, a me nā ʻeheu. Ma ka hope, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kiko uila a me nā mālamalama. Mālamalama i nā kala o nā kino a me nā pāpālina o ka manu i ke kala. ʻO ka puʻu, goiter, ʻo ka hapalua o ka umauma, a me kahi ʻāpana ma waena o nā pepeiao e ʻike ʻia i ka ʻeleʻele. Ma nā ʻeheu, localized kahi kahakaha kahakaha transverse, hana ʻia i nā aka ʻeleʻele. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kāne e kahi ʻōlinolino ʻoi aku o nā kala o ke kala ma mua o nā wahine.
- Mīkini hau... Inā ʻaʻole i kāhea ʻia pā hau... He manu nani ia, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai e nā ʻēheu ʻeleʻele-a-keʻokeʻo lōʻihi a me kahi huelo hina hina, i hoʻonani ʻia me nā hulu kukui ʻokoʻa ma nā kihi. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia e kahi ʻeleʻele i ka ʻāʻā o ka ʻāʻī.
- Manu ʻulaʻula... He kala ʻulaʻula kona, i hōʻike ʻia i ke kala chestnut. ʻO ke kua, nā ʻeheu, kua o ke poʻo i pena ʻia i kēia kala. I ka wahine, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka umauma o kahi hina hina a i ʻole ʻeleʻele brown brown.
- Manu liʻiliʻi pōhaku... ʻO kahi kanaka nui me kahi ʻāpana kukui ākea i ka wahi o ka lei aliʻi, a me kahi nuku ʻeleʻele māmā. Mālamalama ka puʻu a me ka puʻuwai, loaʻa i nā kahakaha ʻike maikaʻi, a kahi wahi nui, melemele, lemon-tinged i kahi ʻia ma ka goiter.
- ʻO Mongolian Earthen Sparrow... Loaʻa iā ia kahi kala hina hina ʻole, kahi e ʻike iki ʻia ai nā wahi kukui.
- Manu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi... Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hulu e kona liʻiliʻi a me nā plumage one. Ma ka ʻaoʻao waena o ka ʻāʻī, a ma ka piko o ka huelo, loaʻa nā kaha kukui liʻiliʻi.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ka honua holoʻokoʻa kēia mau manu ke nānā aku i nā aka ʻalani, a ʻo ka iwi ʻaoʻao o nā manu he ʻelua mau manawa i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka vertebrae ma mua o kahi giraffe.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
He ʻano maikaʻi ʻole ko kēia mau manu. Lili lākou i kā lākou mau waiwai ponoʻī, hoʻonohonoho mau i nā hakakā me nā manu ʻē aʻe, ke pale nei i ko lākou ʻāina. Hoʻonohonoho maʻalahi lākou i nā hakakā me ko lākou ʻohana. Akā ʻaʻole he hoʻokahe koko. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe ke kū i ke kaomi o nā manu liʻiliʻi a haʻalele i ko lākou wahi ʻōiwi, e hāʻawi ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau manu kolohe.
Kūmau lākou, makemake i ke kūkulu hale ʻana i nā pūnana ma kahi like. ʻO ke keiki, a hiki i ka wā ʻōpio, mau nō me ko lākou mau mākua, no laila, e hālāwai me nā ʻohana manu he mea maʻamau. Ke loaʻa nei i kahi hoa no lākou iho, noho lākou me ia no ke koena o ko lākou ola. Hiki ke loaʻa nā pūnana sparrow hale ma nā ana o nā paia o nā hale kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale, ma hope o ka hulu o nā hale kahiko, ma hope o ka puka aniani a me nā puka kikihi. ʻOi iki ka nui - nā lua, nā pūnana i haʻalele ʻia o nā ale, nā hale manu.
ʻO nā manu o ke kula he kamaʻāina o nā wao nahele, nā pāka, nā māla, nā ulu ulu nui. Noho ka hapa nui o lākou i loko o nā paia pūnana o nā manu nui, e laʻa me ka ʻūhā, nā ʻalalā, nā ʻaeto, osprey. Ma aneʻi e palekana lākou, pale ʻia e nā manu nui a ʻoi aku ka ikaika, e kiaʻi ana i ko lākou pūnana, a i ka manawa like o nā mahiʻai sparrow hoʻomaha ʻole. ʻO kahi mea maʻamau ʻole no nā manu liʻiliʻi ka maluhia a mālie. Hū, kani, walaʻau - pili kēia mau mea i kēia mau manu. Hoʻomaopopo loa ʻia kēia i ka wā puna, ke hana ʻia nā pālua.
He manu ʻai kiaʻi kā kēlā me kēia hipa. Nānā pono ʻo ia i ke ala e hiki ai i kahi weliweli, a inā i ʻike ʻia ke ʻano, hōʻike ʻo ia i nā mea āpau. Hāʻawi ia i kahi hōʻailona o ka weliweli ma ke ʻano o kahi "chrr" ʻano a laila hoʻopuehu ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa mai kāna mau wahi. I nā hihia ʻē aʻe, hana nā manu i kahi haunaele. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻokokoke aku i kahi pōpoki e ʻimi holoholona na lākou a i ʻole ka pēpē e hāʻule ana mai ka pūnana mai.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole ia he mea hūnā i kekahi e like me ke ʻano ʻaihue o kēia mau manu. No laila, aia kekahi mana kaulana o ke kumu o ka inoa o kēia manu: i ka manawa i ʻaihue kēia hulu manu i kahi pōpō liʻiliʻi mai ka pā o ka mea kahu ʻai, a ʻike ʻo ia i kēia, kāhea ʻo ia: “ʻaihue - kuʻi! ʻAihue - kuʻi! "
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā sparrows
He manawa pōkole ko lākou. Make pinepine lākou i nā hōʻeha a nā mea hōʻole, nele i ka meaʻai a i ʻole nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola mai 1 a 4. Akā i kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa nā livers lōʻihi.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
He wahi noho ko kēlā me kēia manu.... Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā wahi āpau, akā ʻaʻole hiki iki kēia i nā wahi me ke anuanu anuanu, kahi i aneane ʻole kahi ola.
Hele pū lākou me kahi kanaka ma nā wahi āpau. Ua maʻa nā sparrows i nā kūlana nohona ma Australia a ma nā ululāʻau o ka tundra, a me ka ululāʻau-tundra. He kakaikahi loa nā wahi i koe o ka honua kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai kēia manu.
Papaʻai sparrow
Unpretentious kēia mau manu i ka meaʻai. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopau i nā ʻōpala o ka meaʻai mai ka poʻe, nā ʻūpā, nā kolo, nā ilo, ka palaoa. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kapa ʻia he mau manu akahai - hiki iā lākou ke lele palekana i kahi kanaka i loko o kahi cafe kauwela a kali iā ia e kaʻana like i kahi tidbit me ia.
Hoihoi ia!I ka hoʻoilo, i ka hau a ma hope o nā hāʻule hau nui, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau manu ke kiʻi i meaʻai na lākou a, a koe ka pōloli, ʻaʻalā.
Inā noho paʻa ʻole lākou no kekahi manawa lōʻihi, a laila hiki iā lākou ke lālau i kekahi mea a lākou e makemake ai. ʻAʻole lākou pupule. Māhele ʻia ka ʻāpana o ka mea ʻono i makemake ʻia i waena o nā manu o ka ʻohana. Akā na nā mea kamaʻāina ʻole e hoʻoweliweli iā lākou, no laila ʻaʻohe mea e ʻaihue lākou ia no ka meaʻai.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
I ka hopena o ka manawa hoʻoilo, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i ke kani a me ka humu o nā manu liʻiliʻi, a nānā pū i kā lākou ala hou ʻana. E māka kēia i ka hoʻomaka mua o ke kau moʻo. Hiki ke hōʻalo ʻia nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne wale nō i nā hihia kakaʻikahi loa. I ka lanakila ʻana i ka wahine, kūkulu lāua i kahi pūnana no lāua iho kokoke i ka hopena o Malaki.
I ka mahina o ʻApelila, kau ka wahine i nā hua manu. ʻO ka maʻamau ʻaʻole ʻoi aku kā lākou helu i nā ʻāpana 8. Keʻokeʻo lākou i ke kala me nā ʻulaʻula a me nā kaha. ʻO ka hatch egg kahi hana ʻohana. Lilo nā manu i ka hana ʻana i kēia i loko o ʻelua pule aʻe.
Ma hope o ka hatch ʻana o nā moa, mālama ʻole iā lākou i ka wahine. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki, hana pū nā mākua i ka hānai ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā pēpē makua ʻole. No laila, lilo ka moa i ikaika loa a lele i waho o ka pūnana. I loko o kēia wā o ka manawa, mālama nā mākua i nā keiki e hiki mai ana a lawe ʻia no ka paʻa hou o nā hua. Inā ʻae nā ʻano nohona, a laila aia ma kahi o ʻekolu mau paʻa paʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻOiai ko lākou ʻano hakakā, he nui nā ʻenemi o nā manu i ke kūlohelohe. ʻO nā pōpoki hele hewa ka mea weliweli loa o lākou. Hiki iā lākou ke hopu i nā "mea nānā" a laila ʻai. I ka wā o ke ao, he pahu hopu nā manu liʻiliʻi no nā ʻelele sparrow, i hiki ke lele koke ma hope o ka hale a i ʻole nā kumulāʻau e lilo i hale no lākou a lele i nā manu ʻike ʻole ʻia. I ka pō, ʻenemi nā pueo o nā manu liʻiliʻi.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kaulana nā sparrows ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, a he nui loa kā lākou helu. ʻAʻohe mea e ʻike i kēia manu i kona ola. ʻAʻole lākou i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kekahi puke Red, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia i kā lākou pono. No laila, ʻo ke kanaka wale nō nāna e pale i kēia mau manu.
Akā i kekahi mau hihia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pōʻino ma mua o ka maikaʻi i nā manu. I nā kauhale nui, kahi nui ʻole o nā manu e ʻai i nā ʻelala, kōkua nui nā manu liʻiliʻi. Na lākou e luku i nā mea kolo weliweli (nā nalo, nā ʻenuhe, nā midges), a me nā ʻenemi ʻē aʻe o nā mea kanu. Akā i ka hopena o ke kau kau, hoʻololi nui ke kiʻi. ʻO nā manu hānai, ma muli o ka nele o nā ʻano ʻelala like ʻole, hoʻomaka e hānai i nā mea kanu nā mea kanu, no laila, hoʻouka ikaika lākou i nā māla e pili ana i nā mea kanu o ka pā, a me nā pā waina a me nā māla.
Mea nui!ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua lehulehu ʻana o kēia mau manu ʻaneʻane hoʻopau loa i ka ʻohi ʻana o nā hua like ʻole a me nā berena. He paʻakikī loa e hana pū me lākou, ʻoiai ʻaʻole makaʻu nā manu i ka nui o nā ʻino a me nā makaʻu i kau ʻia i nā māla a me nā māla. ʻAʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia nā pōmaikaʻi o nā manu liʻiliʻi, a ʻo ka mea ʻino i hana ʻia ma kahi kokoke e hoʻokau iā ʻoe iho iā ʻoe iho.
Ua ʻike ka poʻe āpau i ka moʻolelo i ka wā i manaʻo ai ka poʻe Kina ʻo nā manu liʻiliʻi ka mea luku i kā lākou mahi laiki. Ma kēia mea, ua lilo kēia manu i ʻenemi nui, a laila ukali ka luku ʻia ʻana. Ma ka ʻike ʻaʻole hiki i nā manu lele ke lele ma mua o 15 mau minuke, ʻaʻole wale ka poʻe i hoʻokuʻu iā lākou e pae, a hāʻule nā manu i ka honua mai ka ikaika ʻole i kahi kūlana make. Akā ma hope o kēlā, hele mai kahi ʻenemi maoli - nā ʻeneka, a mahuahua ma hope nui loa a ʻaʻohe ʻohi o kēlā makahiki. Ma muli o kēia, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 tausani poʻe o ko Kina lehulehu i make i ka pōloli.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- ʻO Gull
- Rook
- Lark
- Raven
I ka nānā mua ʻana, me he mea lā he manu ʻoluʻolu a palupalu ka manu liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka ʻike a i ʻole ke akamai. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he ʻano paʻakikī ko kēlā me kēia lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano manu, kahi hana hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi loa, a me ka launa pū nui ʻana. Mālama mau kēia mau manu i ko lākou wahi noho ma lalo o ka pale, a hoʻopuni hoʻi i kā lākou keiki me ka mālama pumehana.
