ʻO ka ʻāpana manu kahi manu makemake ʻole e lele
Pālolo - he manu kaulana, hoʻolaha ākea. ʻO kona inoa ma nā ʻōlelo Slavic āpau he manu e like me ka moa. Noho ʻo ia ma Eurasia a hoʻolauna ʻia i ʻAmelika. Mālama ʻo Hunters i ka hoʻoili o ka manu i ka ʻāina ʻAmelika. ʻO lākou ka mea e hōʻike i ka hoʻonui i ka hoihoi i kēia manu kū ʻole.
ʻAʻole i mālama ka moʻomeheu honua i ka ʻāpana. Ua haʻi ʻia kahi moʻolelo Helene kahiko e pili ana i ka hana hilahila ʻole a Daedalus. Ua kiola ʻo ia i kahi haumāna i ʻoi aku iā ia i ka mākaukau mai ka pali mai. Akā ʻaʻole i make ke kanaka ʻōpio. Ua hoʻolilo ʻo Athena iā ia i ʻāpana. Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei i kēia hāʻule, ʻaʻole makemake nā manuahi e lele kiʻekiʻe a noho ma ka honua i ka hapa nui o ka manawa.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ke ala maʻalahi e wehewehe i kahi ʻāpana he moa liʻiliʻi me ka waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole. ʻO kona kaupaona he 500-700 gram, a hiki kona lōʻihi i 40 knm. ʻO ke kino āpau e paʻa ʻia e nā wāwae ikaika. ʻAʻohe lele o nā kāne a me nā wahine i ko lākou wāwae.
Pili ka pālākiō kala ākea i ka nohona a hiki ke ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula, ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka uhi hulu ke kala kaulike ʻole ʻia, aia nā kaha o nā nui like ʻole a me nā kala. ʻO ka pena ʻana o ka manu e hōʻike ana ʻo ka hoʻolālā pale nui ka camouflage.
Molt nā manu i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hana kēia i ka waena o ke kauwela. Wahine molt ma hope o ka hatching o nā keiki. ʻO nā hulu lele nui loa e hāʻule mua. I ka hopena o ke kauwela, hoʻohou hou ka hulu nui. ʻO ka hāʻule ka hulu o ka hulu contour. I ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻoilo, pau ka molting.
Loaʻa i kahi ʻokoʻa kau kau i ke kala ptarmigan... Keʻokeʻo ka uhi hoʻoilo. Koe wale no kekahi hulu huelo. ʻEleʻele lākou. ʻO ke koena o ka manawa ʻeleʻele lākou, ʻulaʻula, me kahi kino haʻahaʻa keʻokeʻo.
Hōʻike ka dimorphism moekolohe iā ia iho i ka nui o ka manu: ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne. He ʻulaʻula huluhulu nā Cockerels. Ma waho, like nā manu o nā kāne ʻelua i hiki i kahi loea wale nō ke hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o papakū i ka kiʻi: kāne a wahine paha.
Nā ʻano
ʻO nā Partridges kahi ʻano piha o nā manu e lawe i ka inoa ʻo Perdix. ʻO ka genus kahi ʻohana o ka ʻohana pheasant. Pili nā Tureke, nā pheasants, nā peacock i nā partridges. moa guinea, ʻeleu ʻeleʻele, ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me ka moa.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka hapanui i ka ʻohana pheasant, ka ʻohana ʻohana:
- Paukū hina - kahi ʻano i komo pū me 8 mau ʻohana. ʻO Perdix perdix kona inoa ʻauhau. ʻO kēia ka paukū maʻamau.
- Hāpai ka paukū Tibet ma ʻAkia Waena. Loaʻa i kēia ʻano nā ʻāpana ʻekolu. ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema ʻo Perdix hodgsoniae.
- ʻĀpana ʻumiʻumi ʻumiʻumi - like me waho i ka ʻāpana hina. Nā lāhui ma Siberia a me Manchuria. Māhele ʻia ka laha i ʻelua mau ʻāpana. ʻO Perdix dauricae ka inoa ʻōnaehana.
- ʻO Keklik a i ʻole ʻāpana pōhaku e hina hina i ka nui o ke kala me kahi ʻano lehu. ʻUlaʻula ka nuku a me nā wāwae.
- ʻO ka wao nahele Desert i ke kala o ka plumage ʻano like ia me ka ʻāpana, akā he ʻulaʻula kona. ʻO nā plumage ma nā ʻeheu e hana i nā kaha ʻeleʻele a me keʻokeʻo.
- Pākuʻi lāʻau. ʻO ka manu he ʻano waena a ʻeleʻele i ke kala, me nā plumage variegated a me nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a me nā momona ʻalani ma nā ʻaoʻao a me kua i hope.
- ʻĀpana ʻohe. Liʻiliʻi ka nui me ka dimorphism moekolohe i haʻi ʻia. ʻO nā plumage ʻokoʻa i nā kala ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a me ka momona.
- ʻO Shportsevaya. He plumage hina-ʻeleʻele, he ʻōniʻoniʻo kā ke kāne i nā nalu liʻiliʻi, e lilo i ke kiʻekiʻe. Spurs ma nā paws.
- Hulu ka Snow Partridge i nā ʻeleʻele a me nā kaha keʻokeʻo a hiki i kona poʻo. ʻUlaʻula ka nuku.
- Makakakeka. ʻO ka endemik o ka mokupuni, ʻo ka manu ponoʻī nui loa, ʻokoʻa nā wahine i hina hina, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne me ka plumage ʻōlinolino.
- Pālani kalaunu a i ʻāwī ʻia paha. He ʻokoʻa ke kala o ka manu. ʻAno ʻeleʻele ke kino me ka polū i nā kāne a ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā wahine. Aia kahi pulu ma ke poʻo.
No ka ʻāpana hina hina maʻamau, nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia kūlohelohe nā mea a pau o ʻEulopa a me ʻAkia Komohana. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia kēia ʻano i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Ua laulaha nui ʻia ma Kanada, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻApelika Hema, ʻAukekulia ʻĀkau, a me Tasmania.
Subfamily of ʻeleʻele grouse, genus o ptarmigan:
- Pālena keʻokeʻo. I ke kauwela he ʻulaʻula hina ia, akā keʻokeʻo ka hapa nui, a ʻulaʻula nā kuʻemaka. I ka puna, ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ia, a ʻo ke koena o nā plumage he keʻokeʻo hau. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, hoʻololi ka manu i ka plumage 3-4 mau manawa i ka makahiki
- ʻO Tundryanaya. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka plumage o ke kāne e nā hulu ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele pākahi ma ke poʻo a me nā poʻohiwi. I ke kauwela, ʻoi aku ka hina hina me nā kaha a me nā kiko. I ka hoʻoilo, keʻokeʻo, kāne me kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ma o nā maka, ʻaʻole ka wahine.
- ʻO ka huelo keʻokeʻo, nā plumage e like me ka ptarmigan, ka ʻokoʻa i kahi huelo keʻokeʻo.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
No ka ʻāpana nui o ka makahiki, mālama ʻia nā manu i nā hui, nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, e hana pinepine a puni ka pua i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka Collectivism kahi ʻano o nā lālā o ka hui. Ola nā manu i ke anuanu i ka pō e pili pū ana. I ka wā o ka hānai hipa a me ka hoʻomaha o ke ao, hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau manu e kiaʻi ana, e nānā ana i ke kūlana.
He manu noho kau nā Partridges. Hoʻololi kā lākou poʻe hipa i kekahi manawa i ka ʻāina pūnana. ʻO ke kumu o ka neʻe e noho nui ʻia paha o kahi. Hana ʻia kēia me ka mālama maikaʻi ʻana o nā pua he nui.
ʻO ka hoʻoilo paʻakikī e hoʻokū ai ʻoe i ke ala. ʻO nā Partridges e noho ana i nā wahi mauna e makemake e noho ma nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa no ka hoʻoilo. Ke hoʻomohala ʻana i nā panalāʻau, hana pū ka hana hoʻokele waiwai kanaka i nā manu e holoholo.
ʻAʻole makemake nā paina lele. Hoʻolālā lākou i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa ma ka honua. Piʻi lākou i ka lewa wale nō i ka makaʻu. ʻAʻole ʻo nā ʻano aerodynamic ʻoi loa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka walaʻau e pili pū ana me kā lākou haʻalele. Ke piʻi a lele, lele wikiwiki a lele keu me ka lele.
ʻO ka hiki ke lele, holo wikiwiki i ka honua a hūnā maikaʻi ʻaʻole hāʻawi i ka palekana no ka paukū. ʻO nā mea ʻaihue āpau, mai nā pōpoki kūloko a i nā ʻalopeke a me nā ʻīlio hae, e holoholo ma nā kula e ʻimi ai i nā pūnana a me nā ʻohana hipa. ʻO nā mea hōʻeha hulu - nā hawks, nā buzzards, nā mea pale - ʻaʻole i emi iki ka weliweli ma mua o nā mea lepo.
Ma waho aʻe o nā mea hōkū, hoʻāʻo ʻia nā partridges no ke ola i ka hoʻoilo. I nā wahi me ka hoʻoilo mālie a me ka hau liʻiliʻi, mālama nā ʻāpana manu i nā hipa. Aia lākou ma kahi kokoke i nā kahua hoʻoilo, ma nā kapa o nā waihona wai, i nā ulu lāʻau. Hoʻokele ka ʻohana i ka hānai ma kahi o 1 sq. km
I nā hoʻoilo hau ʻole, ʻākoakoa nā ʻāpana i kahi hui paʻa no ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ka pō. Pili pū kekahi i kekahi. Hana i kahi pōʻai manu me ko lākou mau poʻo e kuhikuhi ana i waho. ʻAe kēia hoʻonohonoho i nā poʻe āpau e heʻe i ka manawa hoʻokahi ke ʻano o ka pū waikaua.
I ka wā o ka hoʻoilo hau, hoʻonohonoho ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia manu. Noho i ka pō i kahi lumi hau. Aia kekahi mau hihia i ka wā i haʻalele ai nā partridges i ka lele ma lalo o ka hau. Ua kuʻi lākou i nā alahele a hana i nā wahi no ka moe ʻana i ka pō i ka hau.
ʻO nā hoʻoilo anuanu, nā kauwela maloʻo, nā ʻāina me nā manu ʻaihue he mea hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i ke ola. Ua loaʻa i ke kūlohelohe kahi ala: manu ʻāpana manu lanakila i kahi ma lalo o ka lā me ka momona a me ka wikiwiki o ka hānau ʻana.
Meaʻai kūpono
Maona nā Partridges me ka papaʻai vegetarian. ʻO nā hua o nā cereala i mahi ʻia, ka puna a me ka hoʻoilo, kahi ʻāpana nui o ka papaʻai o nā manu. ʻO nā greens, nā wana ʻōpio a me nā aʻa, nā mea kanu nāhelehele e hoʻopili i ka papaʻai. ʻO nā hua a me nā hua o nā kumulāʻau, ʻo ia hoʻi nā catch birch, hoʻohana nui ʻia e nā manu.
Aia nā kolo i ka papaʻai o nā manu. Nui loa lākou i ka nānā ʻana i nā māla mahi.Pāpale i ka hoʻoilo neʻe pinepine kokoke i ka nohona kanaka. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ke piʻi nei ka nui o nā hoʻoweliweli i kona ola. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, aia nā manawa kūpono e hānai iā lākou iho ma kahi o nā piʻi kiʻekiʻe a me nā hale papaa.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
I ka Hemisphere ʻĀkau, ma nā wahi me ke aniau akahai, hoʻomaka ke kau male ma Pepeluali. Hoʻoikaika nā kāne kāne. Koho i nā pūnaewele no nā pūnana ma hope. Hoʻomaka lākou e kahe. Aia ka hana male i ka hana o nā poses, nā neʻe a me nā kani o kēia wā.
Mālie ka paʻa ʻana. ʻO nā hoa i hana i kahi kuʻikahi i ke kau i hala a ola a hiki i ka puna hou, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka ʻole, e hana hou i kahi kāne. ʻO ka mea nāna i hoʻomaka i ke koho ʻana i kāna hoa wahine ka wahine.
ʻAʻole hope loa ke koho. ʻAʻole loaʻa ka manawa e hana ai, wāwahi ka wahine, koho ka wahine i kahi hoa hou. I kahi pūʻulu, e waiho ʻia kekahi o nā kāne kāne me ka ʻole o ka lua. Hui lākou i nā hui manu ʻē aʻe. Kahi e pau ʻole ai ke kaʻina koho.
Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu mua ʻia ʻana o kahi pālua, hele ka hana i ke kāne. Mālama ʻo ia i ka inviolability o ka ʻāina kahi e kūkulu ʻia ai ka pūnana. Hoʻonohonoho i nā kaua me nā mea hoʻokūkū. Mālama i ka wahine. Ke kūkulu nei ʻo ia i kahi pūnana maʻalahi loa i kēia manawa. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he lua ia i ka lepo i kahi wahi malu, nona ke ʻano o ke pola me ke anawaena o 17-20 cm a me kahi hohonu o 5-8 cm a uhi ʻia me ka mauʻu maloʻo.
Hoʻokahi paha mahina e hana ai i nā kāne a me ka noho aloha. Ua mālama ʻia ka moʻo manu ʻana mai ʻApelila. Hoʻopau ke kope me ka masonry. Hoʻomoe ka ʻāpana i 10 i 18 mau hua. Hoʻopaʻa nā Ornithologists i nā hihia o nā paʻa lima nona 25 a ʻoi mau ʻāpana. Nā hua manu ʻāpana kūlike i ka nui o ka manu: ʻo ka ʻaoʻao lōʻihi 4 cm, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao pōkole he 3 cm.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka wahine i loko o ka incubation. Pau ka Incubation ma hope o 23-26 mau lā. ʻIke like nā Chicks i ka manawa like, i loko o kekahi mau hola. Mākaukau nā keiki e neʻe koke ma hope o ka puka ʻana. Lawe ka makuahine i nā moa mai kahi hānau. Hui kekahi kāne i ka pua. I hoʻokahi hola, 100-200 mau mika ka ʻohana mai ka pūnana a hoʻi ʻole iā ia.
Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, hoʻomaka ka pīpī e lele, ma hope o ʻelua pule lele lele lākou i kahi mamao. ʻOiai ka wikiwiki o ka oʻo ʻana, hoʻomau ka moa, ma ke ʻano he uniona, a hiki i ka hāʻule, a i kekahi manawa, a hiki i ka hoʻoilo. Hiki ke lawelawe ma ke ʻano he hui hoʻokumu e hana i kahi ʻohana hipa hou.
ʻĀlapa huluhulu
ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka manu a me nā ʻano paʻakikī ʻole o ka huli ʻana iā ia, ʻāhiu ʻāpana Partridge He leʻaleʻa makemake ʻia. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ʻelua ʻano o ka ʻimi holoholona: me kahi ʻīlio a me kahi hoʻokokoke.
I nā kūlana ʻelua, noʻonoʻo ka mea hahai holoholona i ka hana maʻamau a ka ʻāpana Partridge i kēlā me kēia lā. Ma hope o ka moe ʻana i ka pō, hele nā manu i ka wahi wai a i ka momona o kakahiaka. Makemake nā Partridges e hānai i nā māla i ʻohiʻohi ʻia me nā cereala, buckwheat a millet paha. I ka waenakonu o ka lā, hoʻomaha lākou ma ke kula a lele paha e hūnā i ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe, nā nāhelehele. I ke awakea hānai hou lākou, a ma hope e hele lākou e moe i ka pō.
I ʻEulopa, aia kahi kuʻuna o ka ʻimi ʻuluʻulu ʻana i nā pā palaka, kahi a ka ʻīlio e ʻimi wale ai a lawe mai i ka pāʻani pana. ʻO ka maʻamau, piha a like ka walaʻau i kēlā ʻano pana ʻana o nā manu. Lawe i nā pana he nui i nā trophies.
I ka moʻomeheu Lūkini, ʻelua mau poʻe e komo i ka hopu holoholona partridges: kahi kāne a me kahi ʻīlio. Ke pāʻani nei i ke poʻo inoa, pono e hōʻike ka cop i kona mākau āpau. Nānā ʻo ia i ka ʻāina ma zigzags nunui. ʻIke i ka manu, hana i kahi kū. Hānai i ka ʻohana ma ke kauoha a ka mea hahai holoholona. Lele hauwalaʻau nā Partridges. ʻO kahi mea hahai holoholona ʻole i nalo e hiki ke kiʻi i nā trophies kūpono i kēia manawa.
ʻAʻole hiki i ka ʻohana ke lawe i nā mea āpau. E kānalua paha kekahi mau poʻe a ala aʻe i hope. No laila, pono e hoʻouka i ka pū ma hope o nā kī mua ʻana. ʻOiai nā kī ʻana, ʻaʻole lele nui nā manu makaʻu a hiki ke komo i loko o ka mauʻu i ka hapalua kilomita mai ka mea ʻimi holoholona. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaha ʻana iā lākou, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomau i ka ʻimi a kī ʻana iā lākou.
ʻAʻole pono ka ʻīlio no ka ʻike ʻana a hāpai ʻana i ka manu ma luna o ka ʻēheu. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā holoholona ʻeha me ka ʻole ʻo ia. ʻO ka ʻimi ʻana i nā manuahi partridges me ka ʻole o kahi ʻīlio hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma nā wahi i nui ai kēia manu. He mea pono e alualu mai ke ala i ka hau. ʻO nā partridges makemake e holo e hōʻike i kā lākou ala i kahi e nānā ai iā lākou.
Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻimi ʻana i nā partridges me kahi pū, nui a nui nā ala koko ʻole e kiʻi ai i kēia mau manu. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana me nā ʻupena, nā pahele a me nā puka lou. ʻOkoʻa ke ala o ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo o ka hopu ʻana i nā partridges. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka hopu ʻana i nā manu ola hoʻoulu holoholona... Hoʻohui ʻia, hopu pinepine ʻia nā manu no ka neʻe ʻana i nā wahi hou.
ʻO ke ala maʻalahi loa e lawaiʻa ai me kahi paddock. Ke kau ʻia nei kahi peni. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia kahi pā liʻiliʻi me ka puka hāpai. Mālama ʻia ka puka ma ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe me ke kaula lōʻihi. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka maunu i loko o ka pā. Ke kali nei nō ia. Ke komo nā manu i loko o ka pā, huki ka mea ʻume holoholona i ke kaula a paʻi i ka pā.
Hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻupena no ka hopu ʻana i nā partridges. Me kahi mesh o 2 knm, i hana ʻia me ke kaula nylon ikaika, 200-300 mau mika ka lōʻihi, 7-8 mau mika ākea. Kaʻi ʻia ma nā pou ma luna o ka honua. Pelu ka lalo o ka ʻupena e hana i kahi ʻeke ākea. Waiho kahi hakahaka nui ma waena o ka pūnaewele a me ka honua. ʻO ia, hopu ʻia ʻāpana partridge, holoholona, i hopu ʻino ʻia i loko o ka wahi hopu i hala ma lalo o ka ʻupena.
Ke neʻe nei ka hui beater mai kahi mamao aku. Hoʻāʻo e hānai i ka ʻohana a hoʻouna aku i ka ʻupena. Kūleʻa nā pākū lele haʻahaʻa me ka hei a hāʻule i loko o ka pā lalo o ka ʻupena. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hele i waho mai hea.
Hānau ma ka home
ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha ka huaʻōlelo huaʻōlelo "manu e like me ka moa". ʻAe maikaʻi kēia mau manu i ke pio. ʻO ka unpretentiousness, i hoʻonui ʻia e nā ʻano papaʻai o ka ʻiʻo a me nā hua, hoʻonāukiuki i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻāpana i nā pā pono pilikino, i nā mahiʻai ʻohana.
ʻO ka mea mua e koi ʻia e hoʻomaka i ka mālama ʻana i kēia manu he moa moa, hale manu. Māhele ʻia kēia ʻano maʻalahi i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: kahi ākea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi kaupaku a me kahi hele wāwae, i uhi ʻia me ka ʻupena. Pono e loaʻa nā lāʻau Kalikimaka, nā pūʻā mauʻu, nā pua mauʻu i ka hele wāwae - nā mea āpau e hiki ke hoʻohālike i ka hale kūlohelohe.
I ka hoʻoilo, he kāwili palaoa, nā mea kanu i kālai ʻia, nā wikamina, nā mea hoʻopili mineral a me ka ʻiʻo liʻiliʻi i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka papaʻai o nā manu. Paʻa home nahu ʻo ia me ka leʻaleʻa i nā hua o ka lehu kuahiwi, irgi, viburnum, i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai nā kumu hoʻoilo.
Ma kahi kokoke i ka puna, i ke kakali ʻana i ka hoʻomoe ʻana o ka hua manu, hoʻonui ʻia ka papa ʻaina partridge me nā huakomo, kāloti, ʻiʻo iwi a me ka ʻai iʻa. ʻO ka hoʻohui o nā meaʻai i loaʻa ka nui o ka calcium, e like me ka chalk, he pono.
Ma ʻApelila-Mei, hoʻonoho ʻia nā pūnana i ka hale hen. ʻO ka maʻamau ʻo kēia mau hīnaʻi kahiko i uhi ʻia i ka mauʻu. Ma ke ala waena, i ka mahina o Mei, kau nā hua manu i nā hua manu a noho ma nā pūnana. ʻIke ʻia nā Chicks i nā lā 23-26. I ka hopena o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka moa me nā moa i loko o kahi pā kaʻawale.
Inā hiki, waiho ʻia ka pua i loko o ka pā i waho, ma waena o ka mauʻu. ʻO nā lā ʻelua mua, hānai ʻia nā moa me ka hua moa. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻohuli ʻia ka ʻohana āpau i ka papaʻai maʻamau me kahi ʻāpana protein i hoʻonui ʻia. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā moa i ka hale manu maʻamau. Ua ola ka ʻāpana manuahi no nā makahiki he mau kaukani ma kahi kokoke o nā kānaka a ua hiki ke ola. No laila ʻaʻole ʻo ia naʻaupō e like me kona manaʻo.
