No nā mea aloha entomology e ʻike ʻapu apollo - kahi moemoeā i aloha nui ʻia, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma mua ma nā ulu lāʻau paina maloʻo ma waena o Rūsia. ʻO LB Stekolnikov ka mea kūlohelohe kaulana i hoʻolaʻa i kahi mele nona.
No ka akua Helene o ka nani Apollo ka inoa a no ke kumu kūpono - ʻaʻole e waiho ka nani o ka ʻelala i kekahi me ka nānā ʻole. A ʻo ka butterfly hele mai ka huaʻōlelo Slavic "kupuna wahine", manaʻo ʻia lele nā ʻuhane o nā wahine make.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Inoa Lākina: Parnassius appollo
- ʻAno: arthropods;
- Papa: nāhelehele;
- Kauoha: Lepidoptera;
- Genus: Parnassius;
- Nānā: Apollo.
Māhele ʻia ke kino i loko o ke poʻo, ka umauma, a me ka ʻōpū, ʻo ia ʻeiwa mau ʻāpana. ʻO ka iwi waho kahi uhi chitinous paʻakikī e pale aku i nā mana kūwaho.
ʻO Lepidopterology kahi ʻāpana i ka entomology e hoʻopaʻa i ka lepidoptera.
ʻO nā maka Convex (sclerites cervix) o ke ʻano fac facade, me kahi nui o nā aniani, no ka hoʻopili ʻana o ke kukui ma ke anapuni holoʻokoʻa, helu ʻia nā entomologists a hiki i ka 27,000. ʻO nā maka, e noho ana i ka hapakolu ʻelua o ke poʻo, i hoʻolālā ʻia e kahi corolla o nā lauoho maikaʻi. Manaʻo ʻia hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā kala, akā pehea ka nui o lākou e ʻike ʻole ai.
Antennae - nā mea ʻike e ʻike i nā ʻala a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka ea, e komo i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike i ka wā o ka lele. Nui aʻe ka nui o nā antennae kāne ma mua o nā wahine.
Hoʻololi ʻia nā iwi ā i hoʻololi ʻia i proboscis ma ke ʻano o kahi ohe i ʻōwili ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōwili. Uhi ʻia ka pū o loko o ka proboscis me ka cilia liʻiliʻi lahilahi e hoʻoholo ai i ka ʻono o ka nectar. ʻEono mau wāwae o ka mea kolo me nā māiʻuʻu, aia nā puka hoʻolohe.
ʻO nā ʻēheu nui i ka lōʻihi e hōʻea i ʻeiwa mau kenimika, momona, palu me ka ʻulaʻula i nā ʻēheu lalo a ʻeleʻele i nā mea kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻopuni ʻia nā ʻulaʻula e kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele, i loko o kekahi ʻano pōʻaiapuni lākou, a ʻo kekahi he ʻahā like lākou.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu o nā ʻēheu lalo e nā huluhulu keʻokeʻo mānoanoa; ma ka ʻōpū ʻōlinolino ʻeleʻele, nā huluhulu e like me ka hulu. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā kihi o luna o nā ʻeheu e kahi hina ākea ākea; hoʻopuehu ʻia nā kiko hina hina a puni ka ʻeheu.
Ma nā veins o nā ʻeheu luna a lalo hoʻi, aia nā unahi chitinous ma ke ʻano o nā huluhulu pālahalaha, nona kēlā me kēia ʻano o nā pigment, ʻo ia ke kuleana no ke kumu hoʻohālikelike ma ka palapala ʻāina ʻēheu. Hiki ke hele pū me ka lele ʻana me ka lele ʻana o nā ʻeheu a lana paha i luna i nā kahe wela. Lawe ke kala iā Apollo i butterfly nani a maikaʻi ʻole. Palupalu loa i ka helehelena, hiki iā lākou ke ola i nā kūlana paʻakikī.
ʻEleʻele nā ʻenuhe ʻōpio, ma kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ke kino he mau wahi kukui, i nā lālani ʻelua, kahi e kuʻi ai nā ʻūlū o nā lauoho ʻeleʻele. ʻO nā ʻenuhe makua makua ʻeleʻele i ka waihoʻoluʻu me nā lālani ʻelua o nā kiko ʻulaʻula ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa a me nā warts hina.
Ma ke poʻo he mau puka hanu ʻelua a me kahi pepeiaohao hūnā, e ulu ana i ka manawa o ka weliweli, ke hoʻopuka nei i kahi ala ʻala maikaʻi ʻole. ʻEkolu kā lākou mau wāwae o ka umauma a ʻelima mau wāwae o ka ʻōpū - ʻoi aku ka nui me nā lou ma nā wēlau. Hoʻoweliweli ka waihoʻoluʻu demonstrative i nā ʻenemi, a eia hoʻi, huluhulu nā ʻenuhe, no laila ʻaʻole he nui nā manu e ʻimi iā lākou, ʻai wale nā cuckoos iā lākou.
Ma mua o ka pupation, hoʻomaka ka pīpī i ka hopohopo nui, neʻe wikiwiki, e ʻimi ana i kahi e malu ai, i kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia ma nā mea hele wāwae a me nā alanui. Loaʻa iā ia kahi wahi kūpono, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ulana i kahi cocoon, ulana mua i kekahi mau ʻupena no ke kumu o ka capsule, a laila hoʻomau i ka ulana paʻa ʻana a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hale mānoanoa, ikaika no ka pae aʻe o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēlā me kēia.
ʻEʻeleʻele ka ʻenuhe makua o ka Apollo butterfly me nā kiko ʻulaʻula
Uhi ʻia nā Pupae me kahi uhi chitinous, a ma ia mea, ma hope koke iho o ka wahī ʻia ʻana i nā cobwebs, hoʻomaka ke ʻano o nā butterfly, ʻike maopopo ʻia ka proboscis, ʻike ʻia nā kaha o nā ʻēheu a me nā maka i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻO nā kūpeʻe o ka ʻaoʻao hope o ka pupa ka mea lawe lima.
Pupa Mele ʻApolo
Nā ʻano
Nā ʻano o nā pepe Apollo
- ʻO Demokratus krulikovski - noho i ka Middle Urals a me ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Lūkia, i ʻike mua ʻia ma 1906;
- ʻO Meingardi Sheljuzhko kahi ʻohana nui loa e noho ana i nā wahi ululāʻau o Western Siberia, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia ʻano ma 1924;
- Limikola Stichel - 1906, Middle and Southern Urals - i loaʻa ma nā kapuaʻi wāwae;
- ʻO Ciscucasius Shelijuzhko - noho ma ka Greater Caucasus Range, i ʻike ʻia ma 1924;
- Breitfussi Brik - ʻike ʻia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona ma ka Crimean Peninsula, 1914;
- Alpheraki Krulivski - kahi mahele - Altai mauna, 1906;
- Sibirius Nordmann - Sayan highlands, pre-Baikal lowlands, makahiki o ka loaʻa ʻana 1851;
- Hesebolus Nordmann - Mongolia, nā ʻāina Baikal, Siberia hikina, 1851;
- Merzbacheri - nā lāhui i waena o nā pua Kyrgyz;
- ʻO Parnassius Mnemosine - ʻeleʻele Apollo ʻeleʻele;
- Carpathicus Rebel et Rogenhofer - Kahi noho Carpathian, 1892;
- ʻIke ʻia kekahi mau mea kōkua ma waena o nā wahi mauna o ka Pyrenees a me nā kuahiwi.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Alakaʻi nā kānaka i kahi nohona noho, e pili ana i nā wahi o nā noho. Ua emi nui ka nohona o Apollo ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻia ʻana o nā wahi noho ʻenekia maʻamau e nā kānaka. Hoʻopau ka hana hoʻokele waiwai i nā mea kanu endemik i kūpono no ka meaʻai no nā ʻenuhe o nā ʻano laha, he hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides i ka genus āpau o nā ʻeneka.
Nā kumu no ka emi ʻana o nā wahi o ka noho:
- Ka palau o nā panalāʻau;
- ʻ stubpuʻu ahi e ʻā ana;
- Hānai hānai holoholona i nā aniani kahi e noho ai ʻo Apollo;
- Mahiai Wasteland;
- Hoʻomehana o ka honua.
ʻO kahi loli i ke ana wela e alakaʻi i kahi ala mua o nā ʻenuhe, i make i ka hau a me ka nele o ka meaʻai, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka pōʻaiapuna o ka metamorphosis.
Poepoe o ka puunaue ana:
- Nā ʻāpana mauna o ka Urala;
- Siberia Komohana;
- I nā kuahiwi o Kazakhstan;
- Ma ka Hikina Hema;
- ʻAmelike ʻĀkau;
- Nā māla Alpine.
Noho kekahi mau laha i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 4000 mau mika, ʻaʻole e iho i lalo.
ʻAiʻai Pono
He aha ka ʻai o ka butterfly Apollo? E noʻonoʻo kākou i kēia. ʻAi nā mākua i ka nectar o nā pua, akā no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka sodium element pono lākou e noho ai ma ka pālolo pulu, e palu ana i ka paʻakai. ʻO ka lanahu maka, ka hou kanaka, mimi holoholona no kahi kumu o nā kumuwaiwai. ʻĀkoakoa pinepine nā kāne i nā wahi kahi e loaʻa ai nā mea hoʻākoʻai i koi ʻia.
Kau ʻia nā hua i nā mea kanu a ka ʻenuhe e ʻai ai a laila, eia kēia:
- He caustic ka sedum;
- Keʻokeʻo ka sedum;
- Poni ʻo ia;
- Pae kuahiwi ʻo Thorny;
- ʻO ka sedum he hybrid;
- Oregano maʻamau;
- Polū Cornflower;
- Meadow clover;
- ʻAi ʻia ka poʻe ʻōpio ma nā Alps.
ʻAi ʻo Caterpillars i ke anilā lā, makemake e hūnā i ka mauʻu maloʻo ke kau mai ka ua a me ke ao. ʻAi ʻo Pupae i loko o lākou iho, ʻaʻohe o lākou waha waho.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Mākaukau nā kāne, hoʻomoe i nā hoa paio a pau mai ko lākou wahi, i kekahi manawa nā pi, nalo. ʻO ka pili male ma Apollo penei: hūnā ka wahine i nā pheromones - nā mea ʻala kūikawā e ʻumeʻume i ke kāne.
Loaʻa iā ia kahi lede e kāna ʻala punahele a hoʻomaka nā hulahula male. Hōʻike ke kāne i kona hanohano me nā neʻe, pehea kona nui, ʻo nā ʻeheu ka nui loa, hoʻopā ʻo ia i nā lauoho o ka wahine me kona lauoho ma ka ʻōpū, e hoʻopuka ana i kahi ʻala hoihoi.
I ka pau ʻana o ka moekolohe, hoʻopaʻa ka kāne i ka ʻōpū o ka wahine me ka wepa sphragis, e kāpae ai i ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana - kahi ʻano kāʻei chastity.
A laila hoʻomaka ʻo ia i ka pīpī i kona mau ʻeheu me ka lewa, wehe iā lākou e hōʻike i nā maka ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa. E hoʻoneʻe i nā antennae me nā antennae, inā ʻae ka wahine i ka moʻa, a laila noho i lalo iā ia.
Lele ʻo ia a puni iā ia a me nā hoa ma ka lele; kahi ulu (sphragis a i ʻole ka hoʻopihapiha) ma ke kihi o ka ʻōpū i ka wā o ka moena. He 20 mau minuke ka lōʻihi o ka male ʻana, hoʻolōʻihi kēia mau mea i kēia manawa, noho i luna o ka mea kanu.
Nā metamorphoses o ke ola pōʻaiapuni:
- Pākuʻi hua manu - kau ka wahine a i 1000 mau hua, i nā hui o 10-15 mau hua, i nā wahi he nui, kāpili iā lākou i ka pepa me nā huna mai ka piko o ka ʻōpū. Mānoanoa ka pūpū o nā hua, paʻakikī ka mucus, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pale paʻa, e like me ka uhi chitinous.
- Anuʻu anuhe - kolo kahi ilo i waho o ka hua manu, a hoʻomaka koke e ʻūlū i ka lau i hānau ʻia ai. Ma kahi o ka waha, loaʻa iā ia kahi mea hana nūnū a me ʻelua givary salivary, ʻo ka wai i hūnā ʻia e kēia mau glands e paʻa i ka lewa, e hana ana i kahi cobweb. I ka hopena o ka pōʻaiapuni o ka ʻenuhe, hūnā ʻo ia i kahi pūnaewele, e hoʻomaka ana e ʻope a puni ia e lilo i pupa.
- Pākuʻi Pupal - paʻa mau ka hau, no ka hibernation i ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻopili ʻia ia i kahi kumulāʻau a i ʻole lau, ʻemi liʻiliʻi ʻia i ka lau. I ka mua he ʻōpua keʻokeʻo ia i ke kala, a laila paʻakikī ia a uhi ʻia me ka pua keʻokeʻo. ʻIke ʻia, hoʻomaka ʻia ka outline o ka butterfly e hiki mai ana mai luna mai. I loko, ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka maka, kū ka histolysis - ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopau ʻana o ke kino o ka ʻenuhe. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomaka ka histogenesis - ke hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā ʻāpana o ka butterfly o ka wā e hiki mai ana, kona iwi iwi, nā hui sensory, nā ʻēheu a me ka ʻōnaehana digestive. Ke holo nei nā kaʻina hana ʻelua i ka like.
- Imago - puka mai kahi moku peʻa makua, palupalu ia, pelu nā ʻēheu a kuʻu ʻia. ʻIke maoli i loko o ʻelua mau hola, pālahalaha nā ʻeheu, lilo i ikaika, holoi ʻo ia, hohola i kāna antennae a me proboscis. I kēia manawa ua hiki iā ia ke lele a hānau hou, hoʻomaka ke kau moʻo i Iulai-ʻAukake!
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻāina nui i alakaʻi i kahi hōʻemi o ka wahi o ka noho ʻana Apollo maʻamau, ka nalo ʻana o kekahi mau mea kōkua. Helu ʻia i loko o ka puke ʻulaʻula o ka International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN, ma ka Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian Red Data Books.
Ua komo kekahi mau moku o Rūsia iā ia i loko o nā puke kūloko o ka mālama ʻana i nā laha - Smolensk, Tambov a me Moscow, Chuvashia, Mordovia. Ua hana ʻo Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o nā moku holo o Apollo, akā me ka ʻole o ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ʻana o nā biotopes, ʻaʻole hāʻawi ka hana i nā hopena i makemake ʻia.
