Tuatara a i ʻole ma ka Lākina, ʻo Sphenodon punctatus e pili ana i nā mea kolo i ola ma mua o ka dinosaurs a mālama i ko lākou hiʻohiʻona anatomical. Ma Nūhōlani, kahi wale nō e hoʻolaha ai ka heluna kanaka, hopu ʻia nā mea kolo i nā moʻolelo, nā kiʻi kiʻi, nā peʻa, nā kālā.
ʻO nā hui kaiaulu, hopohopo e pili ana i ka emi ʻana o ka relic, e hana i nā hana āpau e hana i nā kūlana hōʻoluʻolu no ko lākou ola, e hakakā i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka holoholona, hiki i ka lōʻihi o 75 cm, me kahi poʻo nui, mana nā wāwae pōkole ʻelima manamana a me kahi huelo lōʻihi e hoʻopunipuni ana. Lizard tuatara ke nānā pono aku, lilo ia i mea kolo o kahi ʻokoʻa o nā nuku.
ʻO kahi kūpuna mamao - kahi iʻa iʻa kea i hāʻawi iā ia i kahi ʻano archaic o ka iwi poʻo. ʻO ka iwi ā luna a me ka poʻi cranial e hoʻoneʻe ʻia e pili ana i ka lolo, i ʻae ai i ka paʻa ʻana o ka mea pio.
ʻO ka tuatara ka mea ola mua e ola ana i nā lā o nā dinosaurs
I nā holoholona, i ka hoʻohui i nā lālani ʻelua o nā niho kuʻi, hāʻawi ʻia kahi mea hou aʻe, aia i ka lua o ka luna. Me ka makahiki, ma muli o ka ʻai nui, nalowale nā niho o ka tuatara. I ko lākou wahi, koe kahi papa keratinized, me nā mea e nau ʻia nā mea ʻai.
Holo nā peʻa Bony ma nā ʻaoʻao hāmama o ka iwi poʻo, e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano like me nā nahesa a me nā moʻo. Akā ʻokoʻa me lākou, ʻaʻole i ulu ka tuatara, akā noho mau ʻole. Mālama wale ʻia nā iwi ʻōpū, me nā iwi ʻaoʻao maʻamau, ma ona wale a me nā koka. Maloʻo ka manu kope kope, nele i nā glands sebaceous. E mālama i ka makū, uhi ʻia ka papa luna o nā epidermis me nā unahi horny.
ʻO Tuatara i ke kiʻi makaʻu makaʻu. Akā ʻaʻole ia e lawe i kahi weliweli i ke kanaka. ʻO ke kāne makua he paona kilokika, a ʻo ka wahine he hapalua ia. ʻO ka luna o ke kino he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā pā melemele ma nā ʻaoʻao, hina ka lalo. Lei kalaunu ʻia ke kino me ka huelo ikaika.
Hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ʻia nā tuatara kāne a wahine wahine kekahi i kekahi e ka nui o lākou
ʻIke ʻia nā membranes ma waena o nā manamana wāwae o nā wāwae i hoʻomohala ʻia. I nā manawa o ka weliweli, hoʻopuka kahi holoholona i nā leo uē, ʻaʻole ia he ʻano maʻamau no nā mea kolo.
Ma ke kua o ke poʻo, ke kua a me ka hiʻu aia kahi kualapa e pili ana i nā wili o ka pepeiaohao kau ʻia. Nui maka o tuatara me nā ʻōnohi maka hoʻoneʻe a me nā haumāna kū i luna e waiho ana ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo a ʻae i ka mea pio e ʻike ʻia i ka pō.
Akā ma waho o lākou, aia ke kolu o ka maka ma ka kalaunu, i ʻike maopopo ʻia i nā holoholona ʻōpio a ʻehā mau makahiki. Loaʻa iā ia o ka retina a me nā aniani, i hoʻopili ʻia e nā neural impulses i ka lolo.
Ma ke ʻano he noiʻi ʻepekema, ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o kēia ʻōnaehana ʻike i nā meaola a me nā pōʻaiapili o kahi mea kolo. Inā hoʻokaʻawale ke kanaka a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i ke ao mai ka pō e nā maka maʻamau, a laila i ka tuatara e manaʻo ʻia kēia hana e ka parietal.
I ke kiʻi, ka maka parietal (ʻekolu) o ka tuatara
Ua hoʻokau nā Zoologists i kahi mana hou, a ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia. Hāʻawi ʻia ka Vitamin D, ka mea i pili i ka ulu ʻana o nā holoholona ʻōpio, ma o ka mea ʻike kiʻi hou aʻe. Kūleʻa hoʻi ke ʻano o ka naʻau. Hoʻopili pū me ka sinus, i loaʻa i ka iʻa akā ʻaʻole i nā mea kolo. ʻO ka pepeiao waho a me ka lua waena e nalowale pū nei me ka membrane tympanic.
ʻAʻole pau nā nane ma laila. ʻEleu ka tuatara i nā mahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, i ʻae ʻole ʻia no nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe. Laulā wela maikaʻi - 6-18 ° С.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i kou hanu a hoʻokahi hola, ʻoiai ke maikaʻi. Kāhea nā Zoologists i nā holoholona i nā fossil ma muli o ko lākou wā kahiko a me ko lākou kū hoʻokahi.
Nā ʻano
I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, ua ʻike ʻia a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka lua o nā ʻāpana o ka nuku - ʻo ka tuatara ʻo Gunther, a i ʻole ʻo Tuatara o Brother Island (Sphenodon guntheri). I hoʻokahi kenekulia ma hope mai, ua hopu ʻia 68 mau mea kolo a lawe ʻia i ka mokupuni ma ka Cook Strait (Titi). Ma hope o ʻelua mau makahiki o ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano o nā holoholona hihiu a me nā holoholona pio, ua neʻe lākou i kahi i hiki ke ʻike ʻia no ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi e nānā aku - nā mokupuni ʻo Sotes.
Waihoʻoluʻu - hina-a pink, brown a ʻoliva me ka melemele, keʻokeʻo kiko. Kuʻi ka tuatara o Gunther, me kahi poʻo nui a me nā wāwae lōʻihi. Kaupaona hou nā kāne a ʻike ʻia ka piko ma ke kua.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
I kahi reptile relict, kahi metabolism lohi, inhalation a me ka exhalation alternating me kahi interval o 7 kekona. Makemake ka holoholona e neʻe, akā makemake nui e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa i ka wai. Noho ka tuatara ma ke kapakai o nā panalāʻau mokupuni liʻiliʻi i pale ʻia o New Zealand, kūpono ʻole i ke ola kanaka.
ʻO ka hapalua o ka huina nui o nā mea kolo i noho ma Stephens Island, kahi e hiki ai i 500 mau kānaka i ka hectare. Aia ka ʻāina i nā papa pōhaku me nā pali kūpikipiki, nā ʻāina pae i piha i nā awawa. Noho ʻia nā wahi liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāina momona e nā mea ulu nui ʻole. Hōʻike ʻia ke aniau e ka kiʻekiʻe o ka wai, nā noe mau, nā makani ikaika.
I kinohi tuatara poʻo poʻo i noho ma nā moku nui ʻelua o Nūhōlani. I ka wā o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻāina, ua lawe mai ka poʻe kolone i nā ʻīlio, nā kao, a me nā pōpoki, ka mea, i kā lākou ala ponoʻī, i kōkua ai i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka mea kolo.
I ka wā e hānai ana i nā kao, luku ʻia nā mea kanu kakaikahi. ʻO nā ʻīlio i haʻalele ʻia e nā haku ʻimi i ka tuatara, hoʻomāinoino i ka hopu ʻana. Ua hōʻeha nui nā helu i nāʻiole.
Ka mamao, ka hoʻokaʻawale wā lōʻihi o nā panalāʻau mai ke koena o ka honua i mālama i kahi kū hoʻokahi endemā tuatara i kona ʻano kumu. Noho wale nā penguins hoiho, nā manu kiwi a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi loa. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea ulu e ulu wale nō ma nā mokupuni ʻo Nu Zilani.
Ua koho nā kolone petrel he nui i kēia wahi. Kūpono kēia kaiāulu i ka mea kolo. Hiki i nā kolo ke ʻeli kūʻokoʻa i kahi lua no ka hale a hiki i kahi mika ka hohonu, akā makemake lākou e noho i nā mea i mākaukau, kahi e kūkulu nei nā manu i nā pūnana.
I ke ao, hana ʻole ka mea kolo, noho manawa i kahi puʻuhonua, i ka pō hele i waho e ʻimi i nā meaʻai mai kona puʻuhonua. ʻO ka nohona malū ke kumu o nā pilikia hou aʻe i ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻano e nā zoologists. I ka hoʻoilo tuatara holoholona hiamoe, akā māmā wale nō. Inā mālie ke anilā, lā, puka i waho e iho i nā pōhaku.
No nā hemahema a pau o ka neʻe ʻana i kahi kūlana mālie, holo wikiwiki a kolo hoʻi ka mea kolo, ke ʻike nei i ka weliweli, a alualu paha i ka mea ʻimi i ka ʻimi holoholona. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻaʻole pono e neʻe ka holoholona i kahi mamao, no ka mea ke kali nei ia no ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, e hilinaʻi iki ana i waho o ka lua.
Loaʻa i kahi moa a manu manu makua paha, haehae ka hatteria iā lākou. Rubs i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana me nā niho mae, neʻe i ka iwi ā lalo i mua a i hope.
ʻIke ke kolo i ka wai e like me kāna mea. Ma laila ʻo ia e hoʻolōʻihi ai i ka manawa nui, mahalo i ke ʻano anatomical, ʻauʻau maikaʻi ʻo ia. ʻAʻole ia e mālama ʻole i nā puddles ma hope o ka ua nui. Molt beakheads i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻAʻole eʻili ka ʻili i kahi waihona, e like me nā nahesa, akā i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa. Hiki i ka huelo nalowale ke ola hou.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻO ka meaʻai punahele a ka tuatara nā moa a me nā hua manu. Akā inā ʻaʻole hiki ke kiʻi i kahi ʻono, a laila ʻai ia i nā mea kolo (ilo, nalo, arachnids, ʻūhini). Leʻaleʻa lākou i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mollusc, nā rana, nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi a me nā moʻo.
Inā hiki ke kiʻi i kahi manu, ale ia iā ia, ʻaneʻane me ka nau ʻole ʻana. Mea momona loa nā holoholona. Aia kekahi mau hihia kahi i ʻai ai nā holoholona holoholona kolo i kā lākou keiki.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻO ka ulu lohi, nā hana o ke ola e alakaʻi i ka hopena o ke ʻano o nā holoholona, kokoke i 20 mau makahiki. I Ianuali, i ke kau ʻana o ke kauwela wela, mākaukau ka tuatara e hoʻohua. Kali nā kāne i nā wahine ma nā lua a i ʻole ʻimi ʻana iā lākou e kāpae i kā lākou waiwai. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi mea o ka nānā, hana lākou i kahi ʻano o ka moʻomeheu, neʻe i nā pōʻai no kahi manawa lōʻihi (a i 30 mau minuke).
ʻO kēia wā i waena o nā hoalauna e noho ana i nā wahi e pili kokoke ana e ʻike ʻia e nā hakakā ma muli o nā makemake pili. Hana kope ka poʻe i hana ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ka lua, a i ʻole i ka hoʻomaha ʻana i kāna labyrinths.
ʻO ka ipu punahele o ka tuatara nā manu a me kā lākou mau hua.
ʻAʻohe o ka mea kolo i waho i kahi ʻōpū o waho no ka moʻa ʻana. Hana ʻia ka mea hoʻomomona ma o nā cloacas i pili ikaika kekahi i kekahi. Pili kēia hana i nā manu a me nā mea kolo haʻahaʻa. Inā mākaukau ka wahine e hānai i kēlā me kēia ʻehā mau makahiki, a laila mākaukau ke kāne i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
New Zealand tuatara pili i nā mea kolo oviparous. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke ʻano o ka hua manu i mea kūleʻa ʻole ka ulu ʻana i loko o ka ʻōpū, akā ma ka ʻāina. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pūpū i nā olonā keratinized me nā limescale incomas no ka ʻoi aku o ka ikaika. Hāʻawi nā pores sinuous i ke komo ʻana o ka oxygen a ma ka manawa like e pale ai i ke komo ʻana o nā microorganism weliweli.
Ulu ka embryo i loko o kahi ala wai, kahi e hōʻoia ai i ke kū pololei o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā mea kūloko. 8-10 mau mahina ma hope o ka male ʻana, hana ʻia nā hua a mākaukau e moe. I kēia manawa, ua hana nā wahine i nā kolone kūikawā ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka mokupuni.
Hoʻokomo ka tuatara i nā lua lepo pāpaʻu
Ma mua o ke kū ʻana ma kahi o ka embryos e hoʻomohala hou aku ai, ʻeli ka tuatara i nā lua hōʻike.
ʻO ka waiho ʻana o nā hua manu, e helu ana a 15 mau ʻāpana, i loko o ka pule i ka pō. Noho nā wahine i nā hola o ke ao kokoke, e kiaʻi ana i nā lālau mai nā malihini kipa ʻole ʻia. I ka hopena o ke kaʻina hana, kanu ʻia ka masonry a uhi ʻia e nā mea kanu. Hoʻi nā holoholona i ko lākou ola maʻamau.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka keʻokeʻo me nā pā melemele-ʻeleʻele o nā hua manu o ka tuatara i kā lākou nui nui - 3 cm ke anawaena. Pau ka manawa hoʻouluulu ma hope o 15 mau mahina. Peck liʻiliʻi nā mea kolo he 10 mau keneta ma ka pūpū o ka hua manu me kahi niho horny kūikawā, a kū kūʻokoʻa i waho.
I ka kiʻi paʻi maʻalahi
Hōʻike ʻia ka lōʻihi o ke kūkulu ʻana e ka manawa latent i ka hoʻoilo, ke kū ka mahele o ke kelepona, kū ka ulu o ka embryo.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi e nā mea kālaihonua o Nu Zilani i ka genus o ka tuatara, e like me nā crocodiles a me nā kuhukukū, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻomehana wela o ka hoʻoulu ʻana. Ma 21 ° C, like ka helu o nā kāne a me nā wahine.
Inā ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana ma mua o kēia anakahi, a laila ʻo ka nui o nā kāne ke pā, inā ʻo ia ka haʻahaʻa, nā wahine. I ka mua, makemake nā holoholona ʻōpio e hana i ka lā, ʻoiai hiki ke kiʻekiʻe i ko lākou luku ʻia e nā mea kolo makua.
Hoʻolālā kolo tuatara ma muli o ka lohi o ka metabolism, hoʻopau ʻia e 35-45 mau makahiki. Pili ka wā piha i ke ʻano o ke aniau. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o lākou (ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana), hiki mai ka ʻōpio wikiwiki. Noho ke kolo i 60-120 mau makahiki, hiki i kekahi mau kānaka i ka makahiki lua.
Ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻolauna ke aupuni o Nūlani i kahi aupuni mālama, hāʻawi ʻia i ke kūlana o nā mālama i nā mokupuni i noho ʻia e nā poʻo nuku. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea kolo i ka puke ʻulaʻula. Hāʻawi ʻia he mau haneli holoholona i nā zoo a puni ka honua e hana i nā kūlana maikaʻi a mālama i nā laha.
Ke hopohopo nei nā mea hoʻoulu holoholona i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia o nā mokupuni mai nā ʻiole a me nā posum. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kālā nui mai ka waihona kālā no kēia mau kumuhana. Ke hoʻomohala ʻia nei nā papahana a me nā ʻenehana hou e hemo ai i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā mea kolo.
Aia kekahi mau papahana no ka neʻe hou ʻana o nā mea kolo i nā wahi palekana, no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, hoʻoulu manu ʻana, a me ka hānai ʻana o nā holoholona. ʻO nā kānāwai kaiapuni wale nō, nā hana like a ke aupuni a me nā hui lehulehu e hiki ke hoʻopakele i ka mea kolo kolo loa ma ka honua mai ka luku ʻia.
