Nuthatch - ka nui o kahi manu liʻiliʻi, like i ka helehelena me kahi lāʻau ʻāhi liʻiliʻi, a pīhoihoi e like me ka tit. ʻAʻole kū ka ʻokoʻa o kēia manu i kāna neʻe wikiwiki ʻana ma kahi pahu mālie i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa, akā i ka hiki ke kau i luna i luna o nā lālā.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ke kani leo nui no ka papa o nā passerines, he kino kuʻikahi, kahi huelo pōkole a me nā wāwae me nā māiʻuʻuku keu. ʻO ka nui e pili ana i ka laha, aia ka lōʻihi i ka laulā o 10-19 cm, ke kaupaona 10-55 g.
Loaʻa ka laha ma Rūsia nuthatch maʻamau, ke kaumaha o kona hiki ʻana i 25 g, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 14.5 cm. Kāhea ka poʻe i ka manu i luna, coachman, mea kolo, ma ka Lākina - nuthatch.
ʻO ka luna o ke kino hina a bluish paha, keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū, i nā lehulehu e noho ana i ka Caucasus, ʻulaʻula. Nui ke poʻo, ʻaneʻane ʻike ʻole ʻia ka ʻāʻī. Mai kahi nuku ʻoiʻoi nui i ka hope o ke poʻo, holo ka ʻeleʻele i ka maka.
Lele wikiwiki a pololei hoʻi ke kaʻa i ka wā o nā mokulele pōkole, ma kahi lōʻihi - i nā nalu. E uhi i ka mamao o ka oi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi kilomika me ka hooki ole.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole pili ka nuthatch i nā songbirds, melodic a leo nui kona leo. Aia kekahi ʻano whist "tzi-it", nona ka inoa i kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka mea aʻo, gurgling, trill bubbling. Ma ke kau moʻo, lohe ʻia ke kāhea, a i ka wā e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai, kani nā "tu-tu", "tweet-tweet".
E hoʻolohe i ka leo nuthatch
ʻŌpio manu nuthatch ʻokoʻa mai ka makua i ka plumage dimmer, a ʻo ka wahine mai ke kāne wale nō i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā lunamakaʻāinana ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i nā kala like ʻole o ke kalaunu, undertail a me nā ʻaoʻao.
Loaʻa ka inoa i ka nuthatch mai kona hiki ke hoʻokele i nā lāʻau i luna
Nā ʻano
E ʻike he aha ke ʻano o kahi nuthatch, ʻike mua ʻia e nā laha. Paʻa a huikau ka ʻōnaehana o nā manu. Loaʻa i ka ʻohana nuthatch nā ʻano 6 a me nā ʻano 30.
E noʻonoʻo i 4 mau ʻano nuthatches e noho ana i ka panalāʻau o ka Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa:
- Maʻamau
Kahi hoʻokaʻawale - mai nā palena komohana o ka wahi nahele o Eurasia a hiki i Kamchatka, Kuriles, Sakhalin. ʻO ka hope o ka manu hina-polū, ke keʻokeʻo o ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū o nā ʻākau ʻākau he keʻokeʻo, o nā Caucasian, ʻulaʻula. Kaha ʻia ka huelo me nā kaha keʻokeʻo.
Noho nā ʻāpana ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi i nā Ural - Siberian, ʻike ʻia e nā kuʻemaka keʻokeʻo a me ka lae. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka nuthatch maʻamau e ka "mask" ʻeleʻele ma nā maka, ka awelika o ka nui o ke kino he 12-14 cm. Noho ia i nā lau nahele deciduous, coniferous, huikau, nā wahi pāka.
- Pā-ʻulaʻula
ʻO nā manu i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kahi manu liʻiliʻi - 12.5 cm ʻike ʻia e kahi plumage ʻulaʻula o ka umauma, kahi ʻāʻī keʻokeʻo a me kahi pāpale ʻeleʻele ma ke poʻo, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka "mask" e kahi kuʻemaka keʻokeʻo. ʻOi aku ka mālamalama a ʻike ʻia ka wahine.
Inā ma ka nuthatch Caucasian ʻulaʻula ka hapa haʻahaʻa o ke kino, a laila i ka nuthatch poʻo ʻeleʻele aia wale nō kahi kiko ma ka umauma. Ua pālahalaha ka lehulehu ma ke komohana o Caucasus i loko o nā ulu lāʻau Noho wale ka manu, i ka hoʻoilo e iho i ke kahakai kaiʻeleʻele.
Nuthatch umauma ʻulaʻula
- Piʻi piʻi pā
Noho i ka Caucasus ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o ʻekolu tausani mau mika ma luna o ka pae kai. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i 17 knm. ʻO ke kala - hina hina me nā hoʻololi i nā leo ʻeleʻele, me nā ʻulaʻula o nā ʻeheu i kahi ʻia e kūʻē i ka moʻoʻōlelo nui.
Ma ka ʻili pali o ka pali, piʻi ka lele o ka paia i ka wā e lele ana nā ʻeheu o kahi pena ʻokoʻa. ʻAnana ʻia i nā kahawai pōhaku kokoke i nā kahawai a i ʻole nā wailele.
- Shaggy (poʻo ʻeleʻele)
Ma muli o kāna helu haʻahaʻa, helu ʻia ia i ka Red Book o ka Russian Federation. ʻO ka wahi hoʻokaʻawale ka hema o ka Teritori Primorsky. ʻO nā manu liʻiliʻi, 11.5 cm ka lōʻihi e hana i nā wahi kūloko. Noho lākou i nā ulu lāʻau deciduous, coniferous, i nā ulu lāʻau pine a me nā ulu lāʻau.
Makemake lākou e neʻe ʻaʻole ma nā kumu, akā ma nā kalaunu, me nā lālā liʻiliʻi. ʻO 6 ka nui o nā hua i loko o ka paʻa. Hoʻoilo lākou i ke Kōlea Korea.
Ma waho aʻe o ka nuthatch maʻamau, lehulehu nā ʻano i:
- Kanaka
Hoʻoholo ʻia ka laha e ka liʻiliʻi o ke kino (11.5 cm), ka hina hina o ka ʻaoʻao i luna, ka ʻulaʻula o ka ʻōpū a me ka umauma. He ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ko nā manu e hele ana ma waena o ka maka, kahi kiko ʻeleʻele ma ke poʻo o ke poʻo. Noho nui ia i ka coniferous, waiwai i ka meaʻai, nā ululāʻau o ʻAmelika Hema.
- Chit
ʻO ka lālā liʻiliʻi loa o ka ʻohana nuthatch kaupaona ʻo 9 a 11 g wale nō me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 10 cm. ʻO luna luna hina, keʻokeʻo lalo, pāpale keʻokeʻo ma luna o ke poʻo. Noho ia i nā ululāʻau coniferous o Mekiko, Colombia, komohana o ʻAmelika Hema.
Ke neʻe nei me ka makemake ʻole ma nā kumu, noho pinepine i ka lā i nā kalaunu o nā lāʻau. Nā punana o nā lālā i nā wahi kūlohelohe o nā kumulāʻau kahiko. Loaʻa i ka Clutch a i 9 mau hua.
- Ōlelo Kokia
Noho ka nohona i ka inoa. He nuku pokole kona ma ke poʻo liʻiliʻi me kahi kino 12 cm. ʻO ka ʻāpana luna he hina hina a me nā leo polū, ka beige o ka ʻaoʻao lalo, ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo ka ʻāʻī. ʻEleʻele ke kalaunu o ke kāne, hina ka wahine. Ua lahilahi a hohonu ka leo ma mua o ka nuthatch maʻamau.
- Pōhaku liʻiliʻi
ʻO ka nui a me ke kala o ka plumage e like me ke kaʻi. Noho ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ʻIseraʻela, ma Suria, ʻIrana, hema a me Turkey komohana, ma kahi o. Lesvos. Hoʻomoʻa lākou i nā wahi neoneo, ma nā pali, ma nā awawa o ke kai Kaiwaenahonua.
- Pōhaku nui
Hiki i ka nui o 16 knm. ʻOi aku ke kaupaona ma mua o ka pilikua —55 g. Ua hina ke kua, keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū me ka tan ma nā ʻaoʻao. Māhele hoʻokaʻawale - Transcaucasia, Central a me Central Asia. Nuthatch pōhaku noho a noho pūnana i nā kuahiwi. Differs i loko o kahi pākani leo nui.
- ʻAzure
Ua koho ʻo Java, Sumatra a me Malaysia i nā azure nuthatches nani, kahi ʻokoʻa loa mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohui ʻia nā aka ākea o ka polū ma ke kua. Uhi ka ʻōmole ʻeleʻele i ka hapa hope o ka ʻōpū, ke poʻo o ke poʻo, a me ka wahi a puni nā maka. Keʻokeʻo ke koena o ke kino. Kū ka nuku poni ʻokoʻa.
Pili ka nuthatch i nā heluna ʻaneʻane pau o nā ola e kau nei ka ʻōlelo hoʻoweliweli o ka make.
- ʻO Algerian, kahi wale nō kahi e noho ai i nā kahe o nā Algerian Atlas Mountains.
- Kanaka nunui, a i ka 19.5 knm lōʻihi a kaupaona ʻia a 47 g.
- ʻO ka helehelena keʻokeʻo, e noho wale nei ma Myanmar.
- Bahamian (brown-poʻo), ka mea i hōʻole nui ma hope o ka 2016 makaniʻino i ka Caribbean.
Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻano āpau e ka like o ka nohona, ka helehelena. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa nui ke kala o ka plumage, ka nohona.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Manu kū manu ʻeleu a maha ʻole. ʻO ka lā holoʻokoʻa i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai e ʻūlū ma nā kumu a me nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau, e lele pōkole ana. Hoʻolaha ʻia i nā wahi āpau. Ua hoʻonohonoho nā manu i nā wahi noho i ka hapa nui o ʻEulopa, ʻAsia. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma Morocco wela a me ka ululāʻau anu o Yakutia, ma nā tropika ʻo ʻAsia.
I Lūkia, noho pinepine lākou i ka deciduous, nā ululāʻau huikau, ka wahi paka o ka ululāʻau, kahi e nui ai nā ʻiʻo ʻili, nā wahie, nā nalo lau. Ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā nalo pest, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka nuthatch i ke ola o nā lāʻau. Noho pū nā manu ma nā ulu lāʻau willow, nā mea kanu o nā kūlanakauhale, ma nā kuahiwi o Caucasus.
Pane i ka nīnau, manu kūleʻa nuthatch ʻaʻole paha, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā monosyllables. I ka nui - hoʻoilo. ʻAʻole ia he mea ʻole e hana ai kēlā me kēia kanaka mai ka hāʻule a i nā lā anuanu e hana pono ai i ka meaʻai, e hūnā ana i nā nati a me nā ʻanoʻano i nā wahi mehameha i ka wahi i pūnana ʻia.
Noho ka nuthatch shaggy i ka hoʻoilo i ka hema o ka Peninsula Korea, kahi e lele ai mai Primorye. Akā he ʻokoʻa kēia i ke kānāwai. Inā ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia ʻia nā manu, a laila pili lākou i kā lākou pūnaewele no nā makahiki.
Ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o nā moa a haʻalele i ka pūnana, haʻihaʻi nā ʻohana. ʻAʻole hoʻokumu nā manu i nā pūʻā o nā laha, akā hoʻohui lākou i ka titmice, a hele pū lākou me lākou e auwana no kahi mamao loa i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Koa nuthatch i ka hoʻoilo noho mālie ma luna o nā mea hānai, a i ke anuanu, ke ʻano ua, inā e luku ʻia kāna mau lako e nā squirrels a i ʻole chipmunks, hiki iā lākou ke lele maʻalahi i ka puka aniani. Noho lākou me ka ʻoluʻolu i nā hale liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia e nā manu e nā manu, i nā palena o ke kūlanakauhale a i nā hale kau wela paha.
Maʻa maikaʻi lākou i ka home. ʻO nā aviaries ākea, ke kaiāulu o nā siskin, ka linnet kūpono no lākou. Ua hoʻolako ʻia kahi o ka noho me nā lālā, nā ʻūlū, ka hemp popopo. ʻAneʻane like ka nānā manu ʻana i ka ʻike ʻana i kahi hana acrobatic. Me ka mālama maʻamau a me ka lawa o ka nohona, hiki i ka nuthatch i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ke hana i nā keiki.
ʻAiʻai Pono
I ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, predominate ka mea kolo i ka papaʻai o ka mea hoʻokele. Pili kēia i ka wā pūnana, e hānai keiki ana.
Loaʻa i ka protein kaʻai:
- larvae, ʻenuhe;
- arachnids liʻiliʻi;
- nalo pīhā (weevils, leaf beetles);
- lele, midges;
- ilo:
- naonao;
- ʻūlū moe.
ʻO ka pinepine, loaʻa nā pepelu i ka nuthatch, holo ʻeleu i nā kumu, nā lālā o nā lāʻau. Akā i kekahi manawa e iho i lalo i ka honua, e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai i ka mauʻu a me ka ululāʻau ulu. I ke kauwela, makemake nā manu e ʻahaʻaina i nā hua o ka manu cherry, hawthorn, rose hips. ʻO ka papaʻai mea kanu nui e pili ana i nā ʻano coniferous cone, beech a me nā nut hollow, acorn, barley a me nā ʻoka.
ʻAʻohe makaʻu ʻo Nuthatches i ka poʻe a ʻike pinepine ʻia ma kahi o nā mea hānai
Wahi a nā mea i ʻike ʻia e ka ornithologists, he ala ʻaʻala maikaʻi ka nuthatch; ʻaʻole ia e hoihoi i kahi nut nut. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe akamai i ka peel paʻakikī me kahi nuku ikaika ʻoi loa, kaomi ʻana i ka hua i ka ʻili o ke kumu, e paʻa ana iā ia me ka ʻūpā, a i ʻole ke waiho ʻana iā ia i loko o kahi kuapo pōhaku.
I ka hoʻoilo, lele nā manu koa i nā mea hānai i hana ʻia e ke kanaka. I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole makaʻu lākou e noho pū me ka lima me nā ʻanoʻano a i ʻole nā mea ʻono ʻē aʻe. Mai ke kauwela a i Kekemapa, hana nā mea kolo hale i nā lepe ʻai, e waiho ana i nā nati a me nā ʻanoʻano ma nā māwae i ka ʻili a i nā hakahaka i nā wahi like ʻole i nalo ʻole nā waihona i ka manawa hoʻokahi.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻO ka moekolohe ʻana o nā manu i ka hopena o ka makahiki mua. Hoʻokumu hoʻokahi ʻia nā kāne a me ke ola āpau. Lohe ʻia ka mele moena o ka nuthatch i ka nahele ma Pepeluali, a i ka hopena o Malaki, nānā ka wahine ma hope o ka pūnaewele pūnana. Hoʻolei ʻia nā puha wahī a i ʻole nā kaumaha mai nā lālā popopo i kūpono. ʻO ka mea nui aia lākou i ke kiʻekiʻe o ʻekolu a ʻumi mau mika.
Hoʻokomo ʻo Nuthatches i ko lākou mau pūnana i loko o nā lua lāʻau
ʻO ka puka komo a me nā wahi e pili ana o ka ʻili e sila ʻia me ka pālolo i hoʻomākū ʻia me ka lihi. Aia kekahi puka me ke anawaena o 3-4 knm. Ma kēia kumu, hoʻoholo ʻia ua noho nā nuthatches ma aneʻi. ʻO ka "kaupaku" o ka ʻāpana o ka puha i "plastered" pū ʻia, a ua uhi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao lalo me kahi papa mānoanoa o ka lepo o ka ʻili a me nā lau maloʻo. ʻElua mau pule ka hoʻonohonoho.
Kū hoʻokahi nā pūnana o nā nuthatches pōhaku. ʻO lākou kahi kōpoki pālolo i hoʻopili ʻia i ka pōhaku me ka welau ākea. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha loa ʻo ke ākea kokoke i ka puka komo e kāhiko ʻia me nā hulu ʻōlinolino, nā pūpū hua, a me nā ʻāpā.
Hōʻailona kēia mea hoʻonani i nā manu ʻē aʻe i lawe ʻia ka hakahaka. Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia nā paia o loko o ka pūnana me ka chitin (ʻēheu dragonfly, fenders beetle).
I ʻApelila, kau ka wahine i nā hua manu keʻokeʻo he 6-9 me nā kiko ʻeleʻele, e hoʻouluulu ana no 2-2.5 mau pule. I kēia manawa, ke mālama nui nei ke kāne i kāna ipo wahine, ke hāʻawi nei i kāna meaʻai i ka lā holoʻokoʻa. Ke ʻike ʻia nā moa, hopohopo nā mākua ʻelua i kā lākou meaʻai.
Lawe ʻia nā ʻenuhe i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu haneli mau manawa i ka lā no nā keiki pōloli mau. Hoʻomaka ka lele ʻana o nā moa i loko o ʻekolu a ʻehā mau pule, akā hoʻomau ka ʻai a ke kāne a me ka wahine na lākou no ʻelua pule ʻē aʻe. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomaka ka ʻōpio e hānai iā lākou iho. Noho nā manu liʻiliʻi i ka nāhelehele a i ʻole ke pio ʻana no 10 mau makahiki.
