Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Merlin – manu, helu ʻia e nā ornithologists i ka ʻohana falcon, i waena o nā lālā o lākou i manaʻo ʻia ka nui loa. A he ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia, no ka mea ʻo nā kāne o ia mau manu, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā wahine, he hapalua mika a ʻoi paha ka lōʻihi. I ka manawa like, hiki i ka nui o nā wahine i kekahi mau hihia i 65 cm me ka nui o 2 kg.
Inā mākou e hoʻohālikelike i nā lālā i wehewehe ʻia o ka ʻohana me nā falcon hoa, a laila ʻike ʻia ka lōʻihi o ko lākou huelo, akā ʻo nā ʻeheu, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka pōkole. hoʻomohala ʻia nā kuʻekuʻe, a palupalu ka plumage. Akā ʻo ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka gyrfalcon ka nui, mai ka wā kahiko ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka maikaʻi nui ma mua o nā falcon i ka ʻimi holoholona pāʻoihana, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai kēia mau manu e nā kānaka me nā falcon ʻē aʻe no nā kenekulia he nui.
Manu ʻo Gyrfalcon
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka gyrfalcon ma mua o kona hoa ma ka ʻohana falcon peregrine - nā manu i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka ʻokoke. Eia nō naʻe, ʻano like kēia mau lunamakaʻāinana o ke aupuni hulu me kekahi ma waho wale nō. A like pū ke gyrfalcon me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka leo, akā ʻaʻole like me ia, ke kani hou aʻe nei nā leo: "kyak-kyak", a hoʻopuka hou iā lākou i ka leo haʻahaʻa a me ka coarser.
I kekahi manawa ua hoʻololi ʻia e like me kahi i huki ʻia: "kek-kek". Akā hiki ke lohe ʻia kahi trill kiʻekiʻe a mālie hoʻi mai kēia manu i ka puna. I ka lewa, holo wikiwiki ke gyrfalcon a neʻe i mua me ka wikiwiki, piʻi kiʻekiʻe a ʻaʻole lele. Kūpono ʻia ia mau manu i waena o nā mea paʻakikī loa.
Pehea ke ʻano o ka gyrfalcon? Hoʻohanohano ʻia kēia manu nunui e kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa, waihoʻoluʻu a nani hoʻi, kahi lauana laulaha e komo pū ana me nā keʻokeʻo, hina, ʻeleʻele a me nā wahi o ke kala, akā ʻoi aku ka māmā o kona ʻōpū ma mua o ka kumu nui o ka hulu.
Kuhikuhi ka eheu o keia mau mea, nui; kū ka protrusion ma ka nuku; melemele nā wāwae, ikaika; loihi ka huelo. ʻO ke kala o nā ʻano like ʻole o ia mau manu e hoʻomalu ʻia e nā wahi keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a me ke kālā, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ke ʻano o ko lākou hulu.
ʻO Gyrfalcon i ka hoʻoilo
Akā ʻo ka ʻoi o nā mea āpau, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o kēia mau manu, stroking ma ke kiʻi o ka gyrfalcon... ʻIke ʻia kēlā mau manu ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika, noho lākou i ka subarctic a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana arctic, akā pāhola ʻia ma ka hema.
Nā ʻano
ʻO ka nīnau o ka helu o nā subspecies a me nā laha o kēia mau manu ke kumu o ka nui o ka ʻae ʻole ma waena o nā ornithologists. ʻO ka nīnau no nā ʻano o kēia mau ʻelele o nā manu ʻēheu i ʻike maopopo ʻia i ko mākou ʻāina i manaʻo ʻia he hoʻopaʻapaʻa. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka Norewai, ʻIliaic, a me nā polyr gyrfalcones no ʻekolu mau ʻano ʻokoʻa.
I kēia manawa he mea maʻamau ke kuhi ʻana i nā ʻano ʻākau āpau he hoʻokahi ʻano, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā helu o nā ʻāpana a me nā lāhui ʻāina. Nui nā pilikia e like me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia mau manu. Akā e wehewehe mākou i kēlā me kēia o lākou i ke kikoʻī.
1. ʻO Norewai Gyrfalcon... ʻIke ʻia ia mau manu ma kahakai o ke Kai Keʻokeʻo, ma Lapland a me Scandinavia. ʻO ka maʻamau merlin – hele malihini, akā hapa wale nō. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nohona, hiki ke noho maʻa. Akā ʻo ka poʻe e noho ana i nā ʻĀkau o ke kūkulu ʻākau, e like me nā ʻelele o nā lāhui Norewai, e neʻe i ka hema me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu. No laila, i ka hoʻoilo, hiki iā lākou ke ʻike ma nā wahi like ʻole o Central Europe, i kekahi manawa ma nā wahi hema o kēia ʻāina nui.
ʻO Norewai Gyrfalcon
ʻO nā manu o nā ʻano i wehewehe ʻia e like me nā falcon i ke kala. He kala ʻeleʻele-hina hina o ka plumage luna, i hoʻonani ʻia me nā kaha hina-smoky a me nā kiko. Pouli ke poʻo o lākou, hina hina ka huelo. Mālamalama ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o kā lākou plumage. He niho ʻoiʻoi ma ka iwi ā luna o ka nuku. Kū mai kahi apo melemele ʻōuli a puni nā maka o ia mau manu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēheu o nā lālā o kēia ʻano ma ka awelika ma kahi o 37 cm.
2. ʻO Ural Gyrfalcon, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka mea ma mua, ka hapa nui i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma Western Siberia. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau manawa o ka makahiki, hiki i kēlā mau manu ke neʻe i nā wahi ʻē aʻe. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua ʻike ʻia kēlā mau gyrfalcons ma ka ʻāina Baikal, ma ka hema o Altai, a ma nā mokuʻāina ʻo Baletika hoʻi. ʻOkoʻa kēia mau manu mai nā ʻano Norewai i kahi kala māmā me kahi lau ākea maʻamau ākea.
ʻO Ural Gyrfalcon
ʻO nā hulu o ko lākou mau poʻo o ka hue ocher māmā a speckled me nā laina lōʻihi. I kekahi manawa, i waena o nā manu o kēia ʻano, ua loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona keʻokeʻo holoʻokoʻa. I kēia mau lā aku nei, he mea maʻamau ke kuhikuhi iā lākou i kahi ʻokoʻa kaʻawale loa, akā i kēia manawa ua loli nā manaʻo o nā kiaʻi manu.
3. Gyrfalcon keʻokeʻo i ka Middle Ages, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka wā o ka makemake nui ʻia o falconry, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea nui a makemake ʻia i nā mea ʻē aʻe no kona nani, ʻoiai ʻo ia mau manu ia manawa, e like me kēia manawa, he kākaʻikahi loa.
Gyrfalcon keʻokeʻo
I ka wā kahiko, he makana kūpono kēia mau manu a hāʻawi ʻia i nā alakaʻi koa a me nā luna koa i loko o kahi wā kūʻē politika i mea e loaʻa ai ka ʻaelike, ka maluhia a me ke kūpaʻa. No ka hapanui, aia nā mea ʻēheu nani me ka hulu keʻokeʻo hulu keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau, ma ka latitu anuanu.
4. Grey gyrfalcon... ʻIke ʻia ia mau manu, ma ke ʻano he rula, ma ka hikina o Siberia. A ʻokoʻa lākou mai nā ʻano Ural wale nō i nā kikoʻī liʻiliʻi o ko lākou helehelena. ʻO ka mea kikoʻī, loaʻa iā lākou nā māka kikoʻī liʻiliʻi ma ko lākou mau kino. Akā ʻo ka nui, like nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia mau ʻano ʻelua.
ʻO Grey gyrfalcon me ka mea pio i ka lele
5. Altai gyrfalcon - nā subspecies mauna, kahi i manaʻo ʻia he kākaʻikahi. ʻIke pinepine ia ma ka hema ma mua o kāna mau huakaʻi. Ma waho o Altai, manu like nā manu ma Tien Shan, Sayan, Tarbagatai. Aia kekahi mau hihia o kā lākou neʻe ʻana i Mongolia, Turkmenistan, nā ʻāina Siberian. ʻO ke kala o kēia mau manu i manaʻo ʻia he ʻoi aku ka like ma mua o ka ʻohana, a aia ʻelua ʻano: māmā (ʻoi aku ka laha) a ʻeleʻele hoʻi.
Altai gyrfalcon
I ka hopena o ka wehewehe ʻana o nā subspecies (i kēia lā e kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia lākou i hoʻokahi ʻano: "gyrfalcon"), pono e wehewehe hou ʻia ʻaʻole i lawa ke aʻo ʻia ʻana o lākou āpau, a blurred kā lākou hoʻonohonoho ʻana. ʻO kahi laʻana, manaʻo ka hapa nui o nā kiaʻi manu he hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano o kēia mau manu i pālahalaha ʻia ma Arctic America a me Greenland, a ʻo ko lākou kala hina a me keʻokeʻo e pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia he mau loli pākahi i pili i kekahi mau kānaka. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻae like nā mea zoologist a pau i kēia manaʻo.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻO ke ʻano o ke ola o kēia mau manu ʻaʻole lawa ka ʻike. ʻIke ʻia kēlā mau ʻano gyrfalcones e noho ana ma nā ʻākau ʻākau, i nā wā o ka pūnana, e pālahalaha mau ʻia ma ke kai Polar a noho ma nā kahakai pōhaku. Loaʻa ʻo Gyrfalcons i ka wahi nahele, ʻo ia hoʻi, noho kēia mau wahi iā Siberia, ʻEulopa Hema, Scandinavia, a ma ka ʻākau hoʻi o ka ʻAmelika.
Akā i kēia hihia, noho lākou ma kahi mamao aku mai ke kai, nā kahawai nui a me nā wahi wai ʻē aʻe. A maopopo kēia, no ka mea ʻo nā ʻĀkau o ka ʻākau, kahi e noho ai nā manu o kēia ʻano, no ka hapa nui o ka waiwai i ke ola kokoke i nā wai.
Ua hopu pio ʻia ʻo Gyrfalcon
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo kekahi o nā gyrfalcons, kaukaʻi ʻia i kahi o ka puʻunaue ʻana, hiki ke noho, ʻo kekahi o lākou e ʻauana i ka wā hoʻoilo, neʻe i nā kāʻei maikaʻi a me nā kāʻei-tundra maikaʻi. ʻIke ʻia kekahi ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana. Eia kekahi, ua neʻe kekahi mau ʻāpana mauna, e laʻa me ka Central Asia, mai nā wahi mauna kiʻekiʻe a i nā awāwa. Hana pū kekahi ʻo Gyrfalcons i nā neʻe ʻē aʻe.
ʻO Gyrfalcon i ka puke ʻulaʻula ʻaʻole paha? Me ke kanalua ʻole, he lunamakaʻāinana kēia o ka hulu manu, no ka hopena ua hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka puke. A ke emi mau nei kāna helu. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka nohona o ka lāhui kanaka, ʻoiai he nui nā kānaka e make ma muli o nā hana a nā poachers, e hāʻule ana i loko o kā lākou mau pahele.
Kaulana pū ka hopu ʻana i nā gyrfalcons ma Rūsia, no ka mea, hiki i kēia mau manu ke kūʻai aku ʻia no ke kālā maikaʻi loa. Mai ka wā kahiko, ua waiwai lākou ma ke ʻano he manu lele no ka hopu holoholona. A mahalo nui nā amateur i kēia mau manu. I ke kūlohelohe, hiki i nā gyrfalcons ke hoʻouka i ka bea inā pilikia ia i kā lākou mau moa. Akā ʻo ka wiwo ʻole a wiwo ʻole wale nō o nā manu keʻaʻa e hoʻouka i nā gyrfalcons iā lākou iho. ʻO ke kumu, weliweli nā aeto gula wale nō no lākou.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka gyrfalcon
He ola kino lili ʻia ʻo Gyrfalcons a ikaika loa ka pale ʻana, a no laila ʻaʻole hoʻolaha ākea nā maʻi i waena o kēia mau ʻelele o ka ʻohana hulu a kākaʻikahi loa. Eia nō naʻe, ke noho pio nei, hopohopo nui kēlā mau manu i ka maʻi, no ka mea ʻaʻohe o lākou pale e kūʻē i nā microbes e noho ana i ke kino o ke kanaka. ʻO ia ke kumu e make pinepine ai nā gyrfalcons pio.
Meaʻai kūpono
Merlin – manu ʻaihue a ʻano kupaianaha ʻole. Makemake nā mea ʻimi e noho ma kahi kokoke i nā hale o nā gull, nā guillemots, a me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana guillemot, kokoke i nā bazaars a i nā kuahiwi manu. I ka manawa like, hoʻouka lākou i nā lālā o kēia mau kolone a hānai iā lākou.
ʻO nā meaʻai no nā gyrfalcons ka nui o nā manu waena, a i kekahi manawa me nā mea hānai manu. ʻO ka maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā kaʻai i hoʻopau ʻia no nā ʻohana i hōʻike ʻia o nā manu ʻēheu ma kahi o 200 g. ʻAi pinepine nā gyrfalcons i kā lākou meaʻai ʻaʻole mamao mai nā wahi o nā hoʻomoana hoʻoilo a me nā pūnana. Ma ʻaneʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi maʻalahi i ka lehulehu i ke koena o nā iwi a me nā mea ʻai ʻole, nā hulu hipa a me nā hulu o nā mea i loaʻa o ia mau ʻaihue.
ʻAi ʻo Gyrfalcon i ka mea pio
ʻO ka hoʻouka Gyrfalcon e like me ke ʻano o ka hoʻouka ʻana o falcons. I ke kaʻina o ka hopu holoholona, hiki iā lākou ke piʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe loa, mai kahi a lākou e holo ai i lalo, e pelu ana i ko lākou mau ʻeheu, me ka wikiwiki loa, e hoʻouka nei i ka mea pio. Hiki i ka pā o ko lākou nuku ke hoʻonele koke i ka mea o ka hoʻouka ʻana o ke ola. Hiki iā lākou ke uha i kona ʻāʻī a nahu paha i ka hope o kona poʻo. I kekahi mau hihia, lawe lākou i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia me lākou, lālau iā ia me ko lākou mau māiʻuʻu. Hiki iā Gyrfalcon ke hoʻouka i nā manu i ka lewa.
Merlin makemake e alualu wale. Pili kēia i nā wā o ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki, akā i kēia manawa wale nō, nānā pinepine nā kāne i ka mea pio ma nā alaloa o kahi wahi mahiʻai i koho ʻia a lanakila ʻia e lākou. No nā moa liʻiliʻi, hopu ka makua kāne a lawe i ka mea pio. ʻO ka makuahine, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, kīpē iā ia no nā keiki: waimaka nā lālā a me ke poʻo, a ʻūlū pū kekahi iā ia. Hana ʻia kēia mau hoʻomākaukau āpau ma waho o ka punana i ʻaʻohe lepo a me nā ʻāpana kino pala o nā mea ola i hopu ʻia.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
I nā pilina me ka wahine ʻē aʻe, nohoaliʻi kēia mau lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana hulu i monogamy koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, noho mau nā kāne me kekahi i kekahi i ko lākou koena o ko lākou ola. Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, pūnana nā gyrfalcons i nā pōhaku, e koho ana i nā niches hakahaka a i ʻole nā kahawai ma ke ʻano he wahi noho no nā keiki e hiki mai ana, i uhi pinepine ʻia me ka uhi a i ʻole ka pāpale mai luna.
ʻO ka pūnana Gyrfalcon ma luna o kahi kumulāʻau
ʻO kā lākou mau pūnana he kūkulu maikaʻi ʻole ia, a no ka hāmeʻa hālau wale kā lākou wahine i ka hulu, ka limu a me ka mauʻu maloʻo i nā pali pōhaku. I kekahi mau hihia, hana ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā mākua inā hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i nā pūnana haalele kūpono o nā manu ʻē aʻe, nā aeto gula pinepine, nā buzzards, nā manu koraka, noho lākou iā lākou.
Akā, i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi wahi kūpono, mālama pinepine kēia mau manu i laila i kēlā me kēia makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻomoʻa mau lākou iā ia, e hoʻohana ana ia mau makahiki, i kekahi mau hanana i nā kenekulia, e hoʻoili ana i nā hanauna e hiki mai ana. ʻO ia ke kumu e ʻoi aku ai ka ʻoluʻolu o ia mau pūnana ma ka manawa a me ka ulu ʻana, i kekahi manawa e hiki ana i kahi mika i ke anawaena a me ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika.
Hana pū kekahi ʻo Gyrfalcon i nā pūnana i nā pōhaku.
Hoʻonoho mau ʻia nā hua manu e ia mau manu a ʻelima mau ʻāpana i ka manawa. Akā pinepine pinepine ka liʻiliʻi o lākou i ka paʻa. ʻO ka nui o nā hua manu, he ʻeleʻele, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā hua moa, a kau kaupaona ʻia ma mua o 60 gram. ʻOi aku ka hoʻopili ʻana ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina. ʻO ka hānai ʻana a hānai ʻana i nā moa ma kahi o ʻewalu mau pule.
A ma kahi o ka hapa lua o ke kauwela, lilo ka hanauna hou i lawa a lawa ka ikaika e haʻalele i ka pūnaewele pūnana. Akā mālama mau nā mākua i kā lākou mau keiki a ʻehā mau mahina, a hiki i kahi o Kepakemapa e hoʻomau mau nā pua. I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua oʻo a lawa nā manu ʻōpio i kā lākou keiki ponoʻī. A ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o kahi gyrfalcon i kona ʻano kūlohelohe ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki.
