Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka laulā o nā pēpē pēpē, no ka ʻohana o ka mustelids, ʻaʻohe paʻakikī e helu. Ke noʻonoʻo pono ʻoe i kahi pūnaewele wai hou ma ka palapala ʻāina o ko mākou ʻāina a hoʻoholo i nā wahi noho ʻole ʻia o ka ulu lāʻau kahi i loaʻa ka iʻa i ka nui. Ma laila i loaʻa ai i kēia mau mea ola kahi puʻuhonua.
A ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea, ʻo ia mau māmela kekahi o nā ʻano lālā o kahi hui hoihoi loa o nā holoholona terrestrial, i kapa ʻia: semi-aquatic predators. No laila, noho kokoke kēia mau holoholona i nā kino wai hou, e kau ana ma nā kapa o nā kahawai a me nā loko.
A kūlike loa ko lākou ʻano kino me ke ʻano o ke ola o kēlā mau mea kūlohelohe, pono e ʻau a luʻu nui a luʻu hoʻi.
Muliwai maʻamau hāneʻe – holoholona ʻoi aku ka nui, ke kau nei i kahi kaulike kaulike ma kahi o 10 kg. ʻO ka nui o kona lahilahi, lōʻihi elongated a maʻalahi hoʻi, ke kahawai i ka hapa o ka mika ma ka liʻiliʻi, a i kekahi manawa kokoke i ka mika ka lōʻihi.
He kino loloa palupalu ko ka otter
ʻO kahi kikoʻī kaulana o ka helehelena otter kona huelo nui loa. ʻAneʻane kokoke ia i ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o ke kino, ākea ma ke kumu a hoʻopili i kona wēlau. Nānā ka holoholona ma muli o kona mau wāwae pōkole, ma waena o nā manamana wāwae o ia mea, e like me ka ʻaneʻane o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka holoholona e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa i ka wai, aia nā membrane ʻauʻau.
Lōʻihi loa ka ʻāʻī, akā ʻo ke poʻo ma luna o ia mea he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ia, ʻoiai e pālahalaha a hāiki hoʻi. Nā hiʻohiʻona āpau nā otters i ke kiʻi ʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia kikoʻī.
Kanu ʻia nā lālā o ka hihiʻo o kēia mau holoholona i ka wā e ʻauʻau ai, komo ka wai i loko o lākou e like me ka hiki ʻole, a paʻakikī i ka ʻike ʻana. No laila, kuhikuhi nā maka o ka otter i luna a i mua. No ke kumu like, uhi nā ʻano mea i ko lākou pepeiao me kā lākou mau wāwae i ka neʻe ʻana i loko o ka wai, e pale ana i nā aʻa hoʻolohe.
E like me ka nui o nā mea wai, he webbing ko lākou wāwae.
He kūikawā ka hulu otter: pōkole, akā mānoanoa a wīwī hoʻi, i ka manawa like ʻole i pulu, ʻo kēia kahi waiwai i hāʻawi ʻia e ke kūlohelohe i nā mea ola e noho mau ana ma kahi kokoke o ka ʻilikai. ʻEleʻele ke kala o ko lākou huluhulu me kahi aniani kālā, i kekahi manawa hiki ke maʻalahi ke kani o ka hulu, a kū kūʻē nā wāwae ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i ke kūʻē nui.
Hoʻololi ke ʻano o ka lauoho i kēlā me kēia puna a me ka hāʻule, a hana kēia i nā wā hoʻokahe. A ME hoʻoilo hoʻoilo he ʻaʻahu kona e ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ke kauwela.
ʻO ka hulu o kēia mau holoholona ʻaʻole kūikawā wale nō, akā kūpaʻa a nani hoʻi, a ʻo ia, he mea kahaha ia e komo, me ka mānoanoa o lalo. I ka wā o ka hana ʻana o nā ʻili i nā hale hana, nā holoholona i hoʻomake ʻia, ʻo ia nō ia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ʻāpana palupalu o ka hulu e noho ana ma hope o ka hemo ʻana o nā lauoho lauoho.
ʻO nā pālule huluhulu a me nā mea lole ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia mai ia ʻano mea, no laila, ʻaʻohe paʻakikī, e like me nā ʻili otter i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole ʻia, a eia hoʻi, ʻaʻole lākou e nalo i ko lākou ʻano no nā makahiki he nui.
No kēia kumu, mahalo nui ʻia kēlā huluhulu. He ʻoiaʻiʻo nō kēia o nā ʻili otters kai a me nā holoholona o kēia genus e noho nei i Alaska. A ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha, hāʻawi ʻia i ka mea i kākau ʻia ʻo ka luku ʻole ʻia ʻana o nā mea nona ka hulu waiwai nui i hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui i ko lākou heluna kanaka.
Ma Rūsia, ʻo ia mau holoholona e noho kokoke i nā wahi āpau, koe wale no nā ʻāpana ʻākau a maikaʻi ʻole maikaʻi. Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa, a laila aia he nui o kēia mau holoholona ma Netherlands a me Switzerland.
Loaʻa lākou iā lākou ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau, a ma ka pae ʻāina ʻAsia hoʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ma Antarctica a me Australia, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻohui ʻia i ka helu o nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā holoholona kūloko.
Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka luku nui ʻia o ia mau holoholona, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka laulā o ka otter maʻamau, e pālahalaha nui ana ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻEulopa o ka honua, a ma ʻĀkia holoʻokoʻa a hōʻea i Iapana a me Sri Lanka.
ʻAno Otter
I ka hōʻuluʻulu, ʻike ʻia he 13 mau ʻano i ke ʻano o nā otters, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia wale nō he 12 o lākou e kū nei i ka honua. Ua ulu kēia hanana ma hope o ka pau ʻana o kekahi o nā ʻano - Kepanī. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā otters nā kahawai muliwai. Akā, aia nō kekahi nā otters kai, a me nā mea makemake i ke ola ma ka ʻāina a noho i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa ma laila.
Ma luna, ua wehewehe wale ʻia ka otter maʻamau. I kēia manawa e nānā i kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe.
1. Sumatran otter noho ma ka ʻĀinapuni ʻAsia ma kona ʻaoʻao hikina hikina. Noho i nā ululāʻau mango, nā wai wai, nā loko, nā wahi haʻahaʻa o nā kahawai a me nā kapa o nā kahawai mauna. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ia mau holoholona ʻo ka ihu, kahi i uhi piha ʻia me ka lauoho, ʻokoʻa i ka ʻāpana like o ke kino i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
Inā ʻole, ʻuʻuku nā ʻokoʻa. ʻO ke kaupaona o ia mau holoholona ʻaʻole ma mua o 7 kg. Akā ʻo ka nui o ke kino elongated a hōʻea i ka 1.3 m. ʻO ka ʻahu ma ke kua ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka lalo, ikaika nā māiʻuʻu, hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia nā membrane ʻauʻau.
2. ʻAkika mākoʻi ʻole asiatic noho i Indonesia a me Indochina, e aʻa mau ana i nā māla laiki i hoʻopiha ʻia e ka wai, a, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō, e kū kekahi ma nā kapa o nā muliwai. ʻO nā ʻano otters a pau, ʻo kēia ka mea liʻiliʻi loa, ʻo ia kona ʻano ʻē.
ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mākua ma mua o 45 cm. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā māiʻuʻu ma nā wāwae o kēia mau holoholona aia wale nō i ko lākou wā kamaliʻi. ʻAʻole hiki i ko lākou hulu ke ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ʻeleʻele iki, akā me ka beige, a me ka māmā. Hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻole ʻia nā membrane.
3. Otter nunui (i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo Palakila). Noho kēlā ʻano mea i loko o ka ipu Amazon a noho ma waena o nā ululāʻau tropical. ʻO ka nui o ia mau mea, me ka lōʻihi o ka huelo, ma kahi o 2 m, a hiki i ka nui ke ʻoi aku i 20 kg. He mānoanoa, nui nā wāwae o lākou me nā māiʻuʻu i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia a me nā membrane.
Hulu huluhulu o kēia ʻano ʻeleʻele, māka ʻia me nā kuʻekuʻe holika. Manaʻo ʻia he waiwai nui ia, kahi a kēia mau ʻelele o ka holoholona e kokoke ana i ka make ma muli o ka ʻimi nui ʻana o lākou, i mālama ʻia i kekahi manawa i hala. I kēia lā, ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano he keu loa i waena o kona ʻohana.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi otter nunui mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e kahi kiko beige ma ka umauma.
4. He holoholona kai ka pōpoki hihi, eia kekahi, ʻaʻole aʻo iki. Loaʻa ia ma Argentina, Peru a me Chile. Ma waena o nā ʻohana, manaʻo ʻia ia mau otters mai kahi mea nui loa, a hiki i kahi kaumaha o ʻoi aku ma mua o 6 kg pinepine ʻole. Pale a pale ʻole hoʻi kēia ʻano laha.
Aia nā otters o kēia ʻano e noho kokoke ana i nā wai hou. Ma ka laulā, makemake kēia mau mea e noho i ka lacunae waiwai i ka limu, i nā auwai a me nā waihona wai me nā kahakai pōhaku. Hoʻohanohano ʻia lākou e kahi muzzles ākea ākea i kāhiko ʻia me nā "sideburns". ʻO ko lākou mau wāwae hope, e like me ka nui o nā ʻano otter, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā mua.
ʻO kahi pili kokoke i nā otters ka otter kai, kahi e pili ana i ka ʻohana like o ka pono. Kāhea pū wau i kēlā mau holoholona i nā beaver Kamchatka. Hoihoi loa kēia mau ʻelele o ka holoholona ma muli o kā lākou hiki ke hoʻololi i ke ola i waena o nā wai kai.
Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻāina hikina loa a me nā ʻāina e pili ana i hōʻike ʻia i ka inoa, noho ke kai otter ma nā mokupuni ʻo Aleutian, ua hoʻolaha ākea ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hema ma kahakai kai komohana, mai nā ʻaoʻao hema a hiki i Alaska.
Nui ka nui o nā kāne o kēia ʻano a hiki i ke kaumaha o ke kino o 36 kg. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hulu o kēia mau holoholona e kahi ʻano paʻa a paʻa. Mālama mau kēlā mau holoholona i kona maʻemaʻe. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lauoho, ua nui ka hopena o ka heluna otter kai. I kēia manawa, ke lawe ʻia nei nā hana koʻikoʻi e pale aku ai i kēia mau mea ola.
Kāhea ʻia ke kai kai holoholona laha ʻole ke kai
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻ Rivertoma muliwaiNoho ʻo ia i nā wahi mehana o ʻEulopa, me ka nui o Rūsia, makemake e noho kokoke i nā kapa o kēlā mau muliwai ulu lāʻau i waiwai i nā mea ola like ʻole. A ma ʻaneʻi ua koho nui ʻo ia i nā wahi me nā kahawai a me nā loko, i kū ʻole ka wai i ka hoʻoilo.
ʻOiai, he mea nui loa kēia no kahi mea ola i lilo i ka hapa nui o kona ola i ka wai. No kēia kumu, makemake ʻole nā holoholona e noho nei i kēia mau wahi anilā e noho i nā loko wai liʻiliʻi a me nā loko, i uhi maʻalahi ʻia e kahi ʻāpana o ka hau a hiki i nā hau māmā.
ʻO nā kapa o ka muliwai kahi e noho ai ia mau holoholona, ma ke ʻano he pali a ʻūlū hoʻi, uhi ʻia e nā ʻino. Aia ia i loko o ia mau biotopes i lawa mau nā hale hūnā, kahi i ke ala kūpono loa e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hūnā mai nā maka aloha ʻole i nā lua i ʻeli ʻia e nā holoholona, kahi e komo ai kahi e pono ai ma lalo o ka wai. I kekahi manawa, no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale, koho kēia mau holoholona i nā ana kai.
Ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau mika mai ke kahakai ma ka honua, ke puka lākou i waho o ka wai, ʻaʻole e neʻe ka mea ʻoi. ʻAʻole lākou makemake e hele i ka ʻāina. No ka mea, aia ma laila ke kali nei nā pilikia nui loa no lākou. Makemake lākou e hoʻokaʻawale.
ʻO nā wahi pākahi no ke ola a me ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana o kēlā me kēia holoholona, ma ke ʻano he kaulike, ma ka liʻiliʻi he mau ʻeka heka ka nui. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau holoholona e ke akahele a me ka hūnā. ʻIke ʻia kēia mau ʻano ma ka ʻāina - nā wahi a lākou e ʻike ai ua palekana ʻole lākou. ʻOiai hiki i kēia mau mea ola ke koa loa.
Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i nā mea kūʻē nui a ikaika. A huhū nui nā makuahine ke ʻimi lākou e pale i kā lākou keiki.
He ʻauʻau nui ʻo Otters a holomua i ka wai
Akā me kēia mau mea, pāʻani ke ʻano o nā otters a hana. Makemake lākou e kaʻa, mai nā pāheʻe, mai nā pali kūpikipiki, ʻoiai e lele ana i loko o ka wai me ka leʻaleʻa i ka wikiwiki. I ka hoʻoilo, lele ka otters i ke ala like ma ka hau, e holo ana ma ko lākou ʻōpū, e waiho ana i kahi ala hohonu i loko o nā hau.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole kēia he pāʻani wale nō, ʻaʻole ka heʻe hoʻoilo a me ka leʻaleʻa. Malia paha, i kēia ala, hoʻokuʻu ka "rascals" i ko lākou hulu mai ka momona i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko. Otter hiki iā ia ke makaʻu ke makaʻu. I loko o kahi ʻano pāʻani, kani nā holoholona me ke kaniʻuhū. Loaʻa nā leo ʻē aʻe iā lākou e like me ke ʻaukā.
Mai ka wā o ke Kaiwaenahonua, ua hānai ʻia kēia mau holoholona i ke pio no ko lākou waiwai, hulu kū hoʻokahi. I kēia mau lā, he nui nā mea aloha kūlohelohe, ke nānā nei i kēia mea hoʻopā e lana a luʻu kupaianaha loa i ka wai, makemake e loaʻa i kahi holoholona like e pāʻani me ia a nānā i kāna mau hana.
Akā otter kūloko ʻaʻole like me he mea pāʻani lā. Eia kekahi, nui nā pilikia i ka mālama ʻana iā ia, no ka mea, pono pono nā otters e nā lula āpau, kahi wai i lako pono no ke ola piha.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻamau no ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka otters i nā kānaka a noho hauʻoli loa i ke ola. Aloha lākou me nā mea nona, ʻoi aku, hiki iā lākou ke aʻo a hoʻokō i kekahi o kā lākou mau kauoha.
Meaʻai kūpono
Maʻalahi e koho i ka hapa nui o ka papaʻai o kēia mau mea semi-aquatic ka iʻa. A pili ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai i ka wahi o nā otter. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻimi kūleʻa nā holoholona e noho nei ma Volga i nā pikes nui loa a me ka carp. Akā ʻo ka ʻai a me nā mea liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe o ka otter, ma kahi a lākou e noho ai, makemake mau i nā ʻano meaʻai ʻē aʻe.
Eia kekahi, ua hiki i kēlā mau mea ʻaihue ke hopu i nā mea ʻelua ma nā ʻohe ma waena o nā wai kū, a me nā kahawai me nā kahe nui. ʻO ka poʻe Otters e noho ana ma nā ʻĀkau ʻākau e ʻai i ka cod, brown trout, greyling, a me trout.
He paʻakikī e lilo i holoholona i nā wā ke uhi ʻia ka wai me nā ʻāpana hau paʻa. Eia ʻoe e ʻimi ai i nā wahi o ka wai manuahi, inā ʻaʻole hiki ʻole ke hopu i ka iʻa i aloha nui ʻia na lākou. I ka hoʻoilo, i mea e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai, pono i nā otter ke huakaʻi i nā wahi mamao loa, e neʻe ana i ka hau a me ka hau. Hiki i ka otter ke hele wāwae ma kahi o 20 km i kēlā me kēia lā.
ʻO ka poʻe e mālama i kēlā mau holoholona peʻa ma ka home pono e ʻike he pono lākou e pili ana i 1 kg o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou, ʻoiaʻiʻo, iʻa maka, a me ka ʻiʻo, nā hua manu, ka waiū. Hiki nō hoʻi ke hānai i nā otters me nāʻiole a me nā rana. A mai poina e pili ana i nā huaora hoʻoluʻu.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Ke hoʻopau nei i ka moʻolelo e pili ana i nā otters, e uku mākou i kēia manawa i ke kaʻina hana o kā lākou hana hou. Kū pinepine ka paʻa ʻana i ka wā puna. A laila, ma hope o ka hāpai ʻana o ʻelua mau mahina, hānau ka wahine otters i ʻehā mau pēpē. ʻO nā cubs ke kaupaona ʻia he 100 g wale nō, uhi ʻia me ka hulu, akā i ka manawa like makapō.
Ma hope o ʻelua pule, hoʻomaka lākou e kolo. A i ka makahiki o ʻelua mau mahina, ua ulu a ʻoi aku ka ikaika, ke aʻo nei i ka ʻauʻau. Ma kahi e kēia wā, ulu ko lākou mau niho, ʻo ia hoʻi ua loaʻa iā lākou ka manawa kūpono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā meaʻai piha.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, mamao loa nā otters liʻiliʻi mai ke oʻo piha. ʻOiai i ka piha ʻana o ʻeono mau mahina, hoʻāʻo nā holoholona ʻōpio e noho kokoke i ko lākou mau makuahine, me ka manaʻolana no ko lākou pale a me ka pale pilikino. A hoʻokahi makahiki wale nō ka makahiki i hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia i nā otters piha no ke ola kūʻokoʻa.
ʻO Cubs Otter Cubs
A laila haʻalele ka hanauna hou i ka ʻimi ʻana i ko lākou wahi noho. I kekahi manawa mālama ka poʻe ʻōpio i nā hui, akā pinepine lākou e like me ka loner.
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ke ola o kahi otter ma ke ʻano. ʻOiai hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke ola i nā makahiki 15, i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole hiki iki kēia. Maʻamau ka make ʻana o Otters i ka make kūlohelohe ʻole, lilo pinepine i holoholona o nā holoholona holoholona a me nā manu, e make ana i nā maʻi a me nā pōpilikia.
