ʻO Marabou He manu hanohano ʻo ia mai ka ʻohana stork. Hoʻohui kēia ʻano i ka lālani o 20 mau mea lawelawe. Ma waena o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana stork, ʻo ka marabou ka mea nui loa. He helehelena poina ʻole ko nā manu a noho pinepine i nā helu he nui i nā wahi kahi e waiho ai nā landfills nui. Ma laila lākou e ʻimi ai i kahi kumu o ka meaʻai, a ʻo ka ʻāʻī ʻole a me ke poʻo me ka hulu ʻole e kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ke kino. Māhele ʻia ʻo Marabou i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana ʻInia, ʻApelika, Java.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Marabou
ʻO ka marabou no nā holoholona chordate, ka papa manu, ka ʻoka ʻoka, kahi lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana stork, ka lālau marabou.
ʻO Leptoptilos robustus ka makua kāne i make o nā manu marabou hou. Ua noho ʻo ia i ka honua i ka nui ma kahi o 125-15 tausani makahiki i hala. Aia ka hapa nui o nā lehulehu ma ka mokupuni ʻo Florence. ʻO nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano manu he manu nui loa. Ua ʻimi nā ʻepekema i ke koena o kēia mau pilikua nui. Wahi a nā laʻana i ʻike ʻia, hiki nō ke hoʻokau he kiʻekiʻe ko lākou ma kahi o 2 mika a me ke kino o 18-20 kilokilo. Ma muli o ka nui o ke kino, ʻaʻole maopopo iā lākou ka lele.
Video: Marabou
Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻano manu i ke kū ʻana o nā iwi tubular nunui. ʻO ke ʻano o ka iwi iwi i hiki ai ke neʻe wikiwiki i ka ʻili o ka honua a hana maʻalahi me ka ʻole o nā ʻeheu. Hōʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema ma muli o ka nui o ka heluna o ka lehulehu i noho i ka palena o kahi mokupuni, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke launa pū me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
ʻO kēia mau kūpuna mamao loa i lilo i mau kūpuna o nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā taʻi. Ua puʻunaue ʻia lākou i nā wahi like ʻole, a i ke kaʻina o ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka noho ʻana i nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua, ua māhelehele ʻia lākou i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa. Ua hoʻololi iki ka marabou i ka hānai ʻana i ka ʻōpala, a ma nā wahi he nui i kapa ʻia lākou he poʻe scavenger. I kēia pili, i ke kaʻina hana o ka helehelena, nalowale kūpono i ka poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Manu Marabou
Ua piʻi ka marabou ʻApelika i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma luna o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika. ʻO ke kino o ke kanaka makua he 8.5-10 kilokilo. ʻAʻole haʻi iki ka dimorphism moekolohe; ma waho, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka wahine a me nā kāne i kekahi mea, koe wale ka nui. Hoʻonui ka nui o nā kāne i ka nui ma mua o nā wahine.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻelele o nā stiger ʻaʻole lākou e kīloi i ko lākou ʻāʻī i ka lele ʻana, akā, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, huki iā ia i loko.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa o nā manu ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hulu i ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. He hulu kākaʻikahi wale kā lākou a i lalo i kēia wahi. Ma kahi o ke kāʻei poʻohiwi, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻomohala ʻia ka plumage. He nuku lōʻihi a ikaika hoʻi ko ka manu. ʻOi aku kona lōʻihi i 30 kenimika.
Aia kekahi ʻano ʻeke ma ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī. Hoʻopili kēia ʻano kino i nā puka ihu. He mea kūikawā iā ia e pehu, a i kēia mokuʻāina hiki iā ia ke hōʻea i 40 kenimika. I nā ʻōpio, he mea ʻē maʻa mau ia, a ulu kona ulu i ka ulu ʻana o ka manu. Ma mua, ua manaʻo nā kānaka noiʻi e mālama nā manu i ka meaʻai ma laila i kahi mālama. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia kēia mana. Hoʻohana wale ʻia kēia ulu ʻana i hiki i ka manu ke kau i kona poʻo ma luna o ia i ka wā hoʻomaha, a i ka wā o nā pāʻani moena.
Hoʻohanohano ʻia ʻo Marabou e kā lākou ʻike maikaʻi loa, kahi ʻano o nā scavenger āpau. ʻO nā wahi hulu ʻole o ka ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo he ʻulaʻula a ʻalani paha i ke kala. Pena ʻia ke kino i ʻelua kala. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ka waiū. Pena ʻeleʻele ka luna. He ʻeheu ikaika loa ko ka marabou. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēheu o kekahi mau kānaka i ʻekolu mau mika. ʻO nā manu, e like me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka stork, he lōʻihi a lahilahi hoʻi nā lālā.
Ma hea e noho ai ʻo marabou?
Kiʻi: ʻApelika Marabou
Noho kēia ʻano manu i ka ʻāina ʻApelika. Aia ka ʻaoʻao nui o ka wahi noho ma ka hema o ka wao akua ʻo Sahara, a ma waenakonu a ma ka hema o ka ʻāina. Makemake ʻo ia i nā savannas, steppes, marshlands, a me nā awāwa kahawai nui e like me nā wahi e noho ai. Ke hoʻāʻo nei kēia mau ʻelele o ka hihi e hōʻalo i nā wahi ulu lāʻau a me nā wao akua. Kūleʻa lākou e noho i nā pūʻā nui ma waho o nā wahi nui, kahi e nui ai nā landfill me kahi nui o nā ʻōpala o nā meaʻai. ʻAʻole makaʻu nā manu i ka poʻe.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻokokoke loa i nā wahi noho, no ka mea i kēia hihia e hāʻawi ʻia lākou i ka meaʻai. Ākea loa nā wahi ʻāina o ka marabou.
Nā wahi hulihonua o nā wahi noho o nā manu:
- Kamabodia;
- ʻAsama;
- Tailani;
- Maianamara;
- Sudana;
- Aikiopa;
- Naigeria;
- Māli;
- Kamabodia;
- Burma;
- Kina;
- Mokupuni ʻo Java;
- Inia.
ʻO kēia mau ʻelele o nā stiger e like me nā wahi hāmama, kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana. Hiki ke loaʻa pinepine iā lākou ma kahi o nā ʻoihana hanaʻiʻo a me nā iʻa. ʻO kahi mea e pono ai no ke koho ʻana i kahi nohona kahi o kahi waihona wai. Inā lawa ka nui o ka meaʻai i ka wahi kai, hiki i nā manu ke hopu holoholona a loaʻa kūʻokoʻa i ka meaʻai na lākou. ʻO ka pinepine, neʻe nā manu i nā kino maloʻo o ka wai, kahi nui ka iʻa.
Inā i loko o ka nohona o marabou nā kūlana maikaʻi a me ka lawa pono o ka lako o ka meaʻai, alakaʻi nā manu i kahi nohona noho pūnana. Ke pau ka manawa o ka pūnana, nui nā manu e neʻe kokoke i ka laina kaulike, a laila hoʻi i hope.
I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe ma hea kahi e noho ai ka stork. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka mea a marabou e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: ʻauʻa ʻo Marabou
ʻO ke kumu nui o nā meaʻai no nā manu ke kalaiwa, a i ʻole nā ʻōpala mai nā landfill kokoke i nā wahi noho. Hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia ka nuku ikaika loa no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻiʻo o kāna mea pio.
Mea hoihoi: Me ka moʻomeheu meaʻai kānalua, ʻo ka marabou kekahi o nā manu maʻemaʻe loa. ʻAʻole loa lākou e ʻai i nā meaʻai i haumia me nā mea āpau. E holoi maoli nā manu iā ia ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ia i loko o ka waihona wai, a laila ʻai wale ia.
Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka meaʻai ma waena o nā ʻōpala a me nā kupapaʻu, e alualu paha lākou i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a hiki iā lākou ke ale holoʻokoʻa. Hiki i nā manu ke alualu i ka pepehi ʻana i nā mea pio me ko lākou nuku loloa.
He aha ka mea e lilo ai i kahua hānai no ka marabou:
- he iʻa;
- rana;
- nā mea kolo;
- nā mea kolo;
- kekahi ʻano o nā mea kolo;
- nā hua manu o nā manu ʻē aʻe.
Me ke kōkua o ia mea kaua ikaika e like me ka nuku 30-centimeter, hiki i ka marabou ke pepehi maʻalahi i nā ʻelele o ka flora a me nā holoholona me ka ʻili mānoanoa. Me kahi nuku e maʻalahi hoʻi e hou i ka ʻili ikaika o nā holoholona make a ʻoki i ka ʻiʻo mai ka iwi iwi.
I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, piʻi kiʻekiʻe ʻo marabou i ka lani, kahi a lākou e lele ai i ka lele manuahi, e ʻimi nei i nā pio pono. Kūleʻa nā manu e ʻākoakoa i nā pūʻulu nui ma nā wahi kahi e noho ai kahi heluna nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau nui a me nā ungulate.
Lawaiʻa pinepine nā manu i ka wai pāpaʻu. No ka hopu ʻana i ka iʻa, hele wale lākou i loko o ka wai i kahi hohonu pāpaʻu, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ko lākou nuku hāmama i ka wai a kali me ka neʻe ʻole. I ka manawa a lākou e ʻike ai i ka pio, lele koke ka nuku, a ale ʻia ka mea pio.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Manu Marabou
ʻO Marabou he manu i ke ao. Mai ke kakahiaka nui, piʻi kiʻekiʻe i luna o ka pūnana a lele i ka lele manuahi no ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai a i ʻole nā mea pono kūpono. He mea maʻamau ʻole ke alakaʻi ʻana o nā manu i kahi nohona kaʻawale. Noho pālua lākou, a hiki ke ʻākoakoa i nā kolone nui. Hiki iā lākou ke alualu i nā hui a mele paha. ʻImi pinepine lākou a ʻimi paha i nā meaʻai me nā ʻohuna. ʻOiai ʻimi manu wale nā manu, ma hope o ka ʻimi, ʻohiʻohi hou lākou i nā hipa nui.
He mea maʻamau ʻole ka makaʻu o nā manu i ka poʻe. I kēia mau lā, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, aia kahi ʻano no ka hoʻolaha ʻia ʻana o nā manu ma kahi o nā wahi noho kanaka. Ma laila lākou e ʻike ai i nā landfill nui kahi e ʻai mau ai nā lākou. Ua manaʻo ʻia ka marabou ʻApelika he virtuoso maoli i ka mākau o ka kaohi ʻana i nā kahe o nā ea like ʻole. Mahalo i kēia hiki, hiki i nā manu ke piʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 4000 mau mika.
Kāhea ʻia kēia mau lunamaka o ke kikala he mea hoʻoponopono. Loaʻa kēia ma muli o ka mālama pinepine ʻana i ka defecate ma nā lālā lōʻihi a lahilahi. Manaʻo nā ʻepekema i kēia ʻano hoʻoponopono lākou i ka mahana o ke kino. ʻO ka awelika o ke ola o kahi manu ma ka home he 19-25 mau makahiki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO ka mea hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo no ke ola ke ola ua manaʻo ʻia he kanaka i kū ma kahi zoo ma Leningrad. Lawe ʻia ka manu i ka nursery ma 1953 a ola no 37 mau makahiki.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: stork Marabou
Hoʻopili ʻia ka wā hānau ʻo Marabou i ka wā ua. Hōʻike ʻia nā pua o nā manu me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maloʻo. Ma ke kūlohelohe, hoʻonohonoho ʻia ia i loko o kahi wā maloʻo, nui nā holoholona e make i ka wai ʻole a hoʻomaka kahi wā o ka ʻahaʻaina maoli no marabou. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole paʻakikī iā lākou e hāʻawi i ka meaʻai na kā lākou keiki.
I ka wā hānau, kūkulu nā manu i nā pūnana nui, ke anawaena o kekahi i kekahi mau hihia i hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika, a me ke kiʻekiʻe o 20-40 kenimika. Hoaʻo nā manu e kūkulu i ko lākou mau pūnana ma luna o nā kumu lāʻau. Hiki pinepine i nā hui like ke noho like ma ka lāʻau hoʻokahi, hiki i kā lākou helu ke ʻumi. Hoʻomaopopo nui ʻia ka noho pinepine ʻana o nā manu i nā pūnana i hana mua ʻia, hoʻomaikaʻi wale a hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou.
Mea hoihoi: Ua hoʻopaʻa nā ʻepekema i nā hihia i ka noho ʻana o kekahi mau hanauna manu ma kahi o kanalima mau makahiki i ka pūnana like.
I nā manu, hoihoi loa nā pāʻani moena. ʻO ka wahine ia e kiʻi i ka manaʻo o ke kāne. Koho nā kāne o ke kāne kāne i ka wahine a lākou e makemake nui ai, a hōʻole i ke koena. Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kekahi mau mea, kūkulu lākou i kahi pūnana a ma nā ʻano a pau e pale aku ai iā ia mai nā mea komo hewa. E hoʻoweliweli aku i nā malihini i makemake ʻole ʻia, hana ʻo marabou i kekahi mau leo, i kapa mau ʻia nā mele. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe hiki ke kapa ʻia lākou he ʻoluʻolu a melodic.
A laila hoʻomoe nā wahine i nā hua i loko o kā lākou pūnana a hoʻoulu ʻia lākou. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, hatch 2-3 mau moa i kēlā me kēia pālua. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo pono ke pili pololei nā kāne i ka hānai ʻana i kā lākou keiki. Kōkua lākou i nā wahine e hoʻoulu i kā lākou mau hua, hānai i nā moa puaʻa a pale i ko lākou pūnana. ʻO lākou, me ka wahine, mālama i nā moa a hiki i ko lākou kūʻokoʻa loa ʻana.
Ke ulu nei nā pua puaʻa i ka pūnana ma kahi o 3.5-4 mau mahina, a hiki i ka uhi ʻana o ko lākou kino i nā hulu. A laila hoʻomaka lākou i ke aʻo e lele. I ka hiki ʻana i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki, kūʻokoʻa loa nā moa a mākaukau e hānai i kā lākou keiki ponoʻī.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka marabou
Kiʻi: Marabou i ke kūlohelohe
I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi o nā manu. Hiki i ka makaʻu ke hoʻoweliweli wale i nā moa, a no kekahi kumu i waiho wale ʻia i ka pūnana me ka mālama ʻole ʻia. I kēia hihia, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i waiwai pio i nā mea ʻili hulu nui ʻē aʻe, e laʻa me nā ʻaeto kai. Eia nō naʻe, kākaʻikahi loa kēia, no ka mea, he ulu makua ko ka marabou.
I nā wā i hala iho nei, ua manaʻo ʻia nā kānaka ka ʻenemi nui o nā manu. Ua luku lākou i ka nohona kūlohelohe o nā manu, a no laila ke hoʻonele nei iā lākou i kahi e noho ai.
Hoʻohui ʻia, i nā ʻāina he nui o ʻApelika, manaʻo ʻia ʻo marabou he ʻelele o ka holo pono ʻole, ka pōʻino a me ka maʻi. Manaʻo ka poʻe iā ia he lunamakaʻāinana maikaʻi ʻole a weliweli hoʻi o ka flora a me nā holoholona. I kēia pilina, hoʻāʻo lākou i ka mea hiki ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi i nā kūlana hōʻoluʻolu no nā manu e noho kokoke i nā wahi kanaka. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole noʻonoʻo ka poʻe i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he pōmaikaʻi nui nā manu. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe lākou i ka wahi o nā holoholona make a maʻi. Hōʻalo kēia i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā maʻi maʻi weliweli he nui. Kuhi ʻia ʻo Marabou no nā kumu kūlohelohe kūloko.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Marabou
ʻO ka heluna liʻiliʻi loa i kēia lā aia i ka marabou India. Wahi a nā ʻepekema a me nā kānaka noiʻi, ʻo ka helu o nā kānaka o kēia laha ma luna o hoʻokahi kaukani. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka nohona kūlohelohe o nā manu. Ke kahe nei nā wahi pohopoho, ke hoʻomalu ʻia nei nā ʻāina he nui a nui e nā kānaka, no ka hopena i pau ka lako o ka meaʻai.
I kēia lā ua mahele ʻia ka ʻohana marabou i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana, i kēlā me kēia mea, e like me nā koho kolohe, mai hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua a 3-4 mau kānaka. I ka wā i hala iho nei, aia kahi manawa o ka hōʻemi nui ʻana o ka nui o kēia mau manu ma muli o ke kahe ʻana o ka marshlands a me kahi nui o nā waihona wai, kahi mea e pono ai no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hoʻonohonoho hulu. I kēia lā, ua kūpaʻa ke kūlana me ka helu o nā manu, a ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia lākou i ka make. I kekahi mau ʻāina, nui loa nā holoholona. Ke ulu nei ko lākou helu mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki ma muli o ka hiki i ka makahiki hoʻokahi, hiki i nā manu ke hānau.
ʻAʻole maikaʻi ʻo Marabou. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i kā lākou kuleana i ke kūlohelohe. Mālama lākou i ke kanaka mai nā maʻi laha weliweli a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā maʻi like ʻole.
Lā paʻi: 15.07.2019
Lā hou: 25.09.2019 ma 20:17
