Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Noho ka nui o nā ʻano o nā meaola like ʻole i ka wai, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā holoholona o ka honua i noho ma luna o ka ʻāina. Akā ʻo ka honua waiwai i ke ola kekahi aupuni lalo honua. A ʻo kona mau lālā ʻaʻole he mau ʻano primitive liʻiliʻi wale nō: nā ilo, arachnids, nā pepelu, kā lākou larvae, bacteria a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
No nā holoholona kekahi i noho i ko lākou mau lā ma lalo o ka honua. Ma waena o kēia mau mea ola hiki ke kāhea ʻia mole. Holoholona ʻAʻole i aʻo ʻia kēia e like me ka makemake o kekahi. A ʻo ke kumu i nā peculiarities o ia mau mea ola, e noho nei i nā wahi hiki ʻole ke hūnā ʻia mai nā maka kanaka.
Hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau ʻelele o ka holoholona i ka ʻohana mole. ʻO nā kikoʻī physiological o ko lākou helehelena e hōʻike i ke ʻano kūpono o kā lākou hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano maʻamau o ke ola i loko o lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka honua. Maʻaneʻi, ʻo ka mea mua, he mea maikaʻi ke haʻi ʻana i kā lākou mau wāwae, inā ʻaʻole hiki ʻole i nā mea ola ke ola i ko lākou wahi maʻamau.
ʻAʻole nā mole nā koʻokoʻo; ʻaʻole lākou e ʻeli i ka honua me ko lākou mau niho, akā hoʻohana ikaika i ko lākou forelimbs. No laila, kā lākou mau palaki poepoe, hoʻomanaʻo i ka hoe, ākea ākea, me nā lāʻau i hoʻohuli ʻia i waho. A ʻo ko lākou mau manamana lima, ua kaʻawale loa, ua lako me nā māiʻuʻu nui, nui.
ʻAʻole hāʻawi ʻia nā wāwae hope i ka ikaika a me ka dexterity nui, akā lawelawe nui ʻia e lūlū i ka lepo i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā wāwae mua.
I nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o ka helehelena (ʻo lākou, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ua ʻike maopopo ʻia i ke kiʻi o ka mole) e komo pū me: kahi pūniha elongated, kahi ihu elongated, kahi huelo pōkole a lahilahi. Uhi ʻia ke kino o ia mau holoholona me ka hulu pōkole, i ʻole e keʻakeʻa kona lōʻihi i ka neʻe ʻana o kēia mau mea ma nā ala honua.
Hoʻohui ʻia, ulu ko lākou huluhulu i kahi ala maʻamau - i luna. Hāʻawi ʻia ia me ka waiwai o ke kūlou ʻana i kēlā me kēia ala, a hāʻawi hou i ka neʻe ʻole o ka neʻe ʻana i lalo. ʻO ka leo lauoho a hina a ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele.
Akā aia kekahi mau ʻike i ʻike ʻia, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano like ʻole a me kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona hanana. ʻIke pū ʻia ʻo Albinos ma waena o ia mau holoholona, ʻoiai he kākaʻikahi loa.
Ke wehewehe nei i nā ʻano o kēia mau mea, pono e hoʻomaopopo he ane makapō kēia mau holoholona. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole lākou e pono i ka maka maka maikaʻi. A ʻo nā maka makaliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā mole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka pouli mai ka mālamalama.
Kūleʻa loa kā lākou hanana a ʻaʻole like me nā ʻanā o ka hihiʻo o ka hapanui o nā mammals, a me kekahi mau mea paʻa, no ka laʻana, ka retina a me nā aniani, ua pau loa. Akā nā maka o kēia mau mea i lalo, i ka hulu mānoanoa o nā holoholona, ʻaneʻane hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia i nā maka prying, pale pono ʻia, hūnā ʻana mai nā huna lepo i hāʻule i loko o lākou, me ka lawe lima, huki pinepine i nā ʻōpaka. Akā hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia ke ʻano o ka honi a me ka lohe ʻana i nā mole. A pale ʻia nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi e nā pale o ka ʻili.
Ma ka laulā, ʻokoʻa loa ka honua o ka honua o nā māmala, no ka mea, lawa ka ʻike holoholona, e like me nā mole e ka ʻoi aku makemake lākou e hūnā mai nā makaʻi o ke ola a me nā hoʻololi o ke aniau i lalo. Hoʻopili kēia mau mea, no ka laʻana, kahi shrew - kahi mea ola me ka mux elongated, uhi ʻia me ka hulu pōkole velevety.
ʻAʻole pono nā ʻelele i ʻōlelo ʻia a pau o ke aupuni holoholona e noho wale a ma lalo wale nō. ʻAe, ʻaʻole lākou ma laila i nā manawa āpau o ko lākou ola ʻana, akā ke ʻimi nei lākou i kahi puʻuhonua, ʻeli ʻana i nā lua a i ʻole ʻimi i nā hale malumalu i hana ʻia e kekahi.
I waena o kēlā mau mea, desman, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he ʻohana pili i nā mole a hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka ʻohana like. Huki ʻia hoʻi lākou i lalo, ʻoiai lākou e hoʻolilo i ka hapa o ko lākou manawa i ka wai. Ke noho nei i nā lua, ʻo nā ʻalopeke kaulana a me nā ʻino hoʻi, a me nā chipmunks, nā lāpaki ʻāhiu, kahi nui loa o nā koʻokoʻo a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui.
Nā ʻano mole
Aia ma kahi o ʻumikūmālua mau ʻano ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka mole maʻamau a ʻike nui ʻia o lākou ka mole maʻamau, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he ʻEulopa. ʻIke ʻia kēia mau holoholona, e like me kāu e koho ai, ma ʻEulopa a maʻa mau a hiki i Siberia Komohana. ʻAʻole kaupaona lākou ma mua o 100 g a loaʻa ka lōʻihi o ke kino a 16 cm.
Ma waena o nā lālā o ka ʻohana, pono kekahi e ʻōlelo kūikawā.
1. Mole manamana Kepani - kahi holoholona liʻiliʻi ma kahi o 7 cm ka lōʻihi. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma waena o nā mauʻu kiʻekiʻe i nā nāhelehele a me nā ululāʻau o nā mokupuni ʻo Tsushima, Dogo, Shikoku a me Honshu. ʻO ka proboscis lōʻihi o ia mau mea ola, aia ma luna o ka mux elongated, i hoʻolako ʻia me nā lauoho tactile maʻalahi.
ʻO ka huelo ka nui, fluffy, a ʻo nā hale kūʻai momona nui e hōʻiliʻili pinepine ʻia i loko. I kekahi manawa hiki i kēlā mau holoholona ke kolo i ka ʻili o ka honua e ʻimi i nā meaʻai a piʻi aʻe i nā kumu lāʻau haʻahaʻa a me nā kumu lāʻau.
2. Mole mākeke ʻAmelika... Kūleʻa kēlā ʻano holoholona ma kekahi mokuʻāina ʻo Kanada a me ʻAmelike Hui Pū ʻIa. Palupalu ko lākou huluhulu, mānoanoa, hiki ke ʻeleʻele me kahi aniani bluish a i ʻole kahi pae hina hina. ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o kēia laha ma nā ʻano like ʻole me nā lālā o ka laha i hōʻike wale ʻia, a no laila ke hoʻohuli nei kekahi mau zoologist e noʻonoʻo iā lākou nā ʻohana pili loa.
ʻO ka nui o ia mau mea like like. Eia hou, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā kānaka ʻAmelika e kōkua nui ʻia e kahi huelo nui. Hiki i kēlā mau holoholona ke piʻi i luna i nā laʻalāʻau a ʻauʻau maikaʻi.
3. Mole Siberia, i kapa ʻia ʻo Altai. Ma nā ʻano he like ia me nā mole ʻEulopa, eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā lunamakaʻāinana wahine a kāne hoʻi, ʻokoʻa ka mea hope loa, ʻokoʻa kūwaho kūwaho kekahi i kekahi. A ma luna o nā mea āpau i ka nui.
He mole nui loa kēia. Hiki i nā kāne mai nā ʻano Siberian aneane 20 cm ka lōʻihi a hiki i kahi nui o 145 g, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine. ʻO nā hulu o nā holoholona he mau ʻanoʻeleʻele: brown, brown, black, grey-lead.
Poepoe ke kino o ia mau mea, nunui, wāwae pōkole. Kū i waho kahi proboscis oblong ma ka maka o ka waha. ʻAʻohe pūpū pepeiao o kēia mau holoholona.
4. Mole Caucasian... Ua like pū ia me kēlā me kēia kanaka o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa, akā ʻo nā mea pākahi o ke ʻano a me ka hiʻona he ʻano ʻē. ʻOi loa ka hoʻomohala ʻia o ko lākou mau maka ma mua o nā mole ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ʻike maka ʻia lākou a hūnā ʻia ma lalo o kahi ʻili lahilahi o ka ʻili.
ʻO nā ʻōpio o kēia laha ke kaena nei i ka hulu ʻeleʻele a hinuhinu hoʻi. Eia nō naʻe, me ka makahiki, mae kona mau aka.
5. Ussuri Mogera - kahi ʻano hoihoi loa, nona nā lunamakaʻāinana i kaulana no ko lākou nui, ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me kēia mau ʻōuli, nā mea hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo i waena o nā lālā o ka ʻohana mole. Hiki i ke kino o nā hiʻohiʻona kāne ke hiki i 300 g a ʻoi paha, a ʻo ka nui o ke kino ma kahi o 210 mm.
Kūleʻa kēlā ʻano holoholona ma Kōlea a me Kina. Ma nā wahi ākea Lūkia, loaʻa lākou ma ka Hikina hikina a ma nā wahi e pili ana i kēia kihi. Hoʻolālā ʻole ʻia nā maka a me nā pepeiao o ia mau mea. ʻO ke kala i nā leo brown me ka hoʻohui o ka brown a me ka hina, i kekahi mau hihia me ka sheen metallic. Ua hoʻolaha ʻia kēia ʻano mea ola e laha ʻole, a ke hana ʻia nei nā hana e pale aku ai iā ia.
6. Mole nosed hōkū - Noho ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he hōkū-hōkū. He kū hoʻokahi ka ihu o ia mau holoholona, ʻano ʻokoʻa maoli a hoʻokomo ʻia i kahi nui o nā tentacles liʻiliʻi i hoʻolako ʻia me nā mea loaʻa he nui.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia mau hāmeʻa āpau e kōkua iā ʻoe e loaʻa kūleʻa ka meaʻai. Inā ʻole, ua like kēlā mau holoholona me nā mole ʻEulopa i kēlā me kēia kikoʻī koe wale no kahi huelo lōʻihi lōʻihi. Makemake nui kēia mau mea ola i ka wai, ʻauʻau maikaʻi a luʻu mākau lākou.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
E maopopo maikaʻi ai he holoholona he mole, pono e wehewehe kikoʻī i ke ola o kēia mau mea hoihoi. E like me ka maopopo, ke ola nei ko lākou ola i lalo o ka honua. ʻAʻole wale nā ʻano lepo āpau e kūpono iā lākou. No laila, makemake kēia mau lunamaka o ka holoholona e hoʻopiha i nā wahi pulu me ka lepo manuahi.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kūleʻa, no ka mea, ke hana nei lākou i ke ola e ʻeli mau ana i nā pūnaewele lalo o ka nui o nā alahele a me nā labyrinth. ʻAʻole ʻike iki ka poʻe i kēlā mau holoholona, ʻoiai he kakaikahi loa ka mole ma ka ʻili.
Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa i nā māla a me nā kula hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā peʻa lepo honua ʻano. ʻO kēia ka hopena o ka hana nui a nā mea ola. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, makemake ka poʻe mole e hoʻolei i ka honua keu i luna.
Ma muli o ke kumu o ko lākou ola ʻana, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā mole i loko o ka papa inoa o nā mea kanu kūpilikiʻi weliweli a wiwo ʻole hoʻi. Ma lalo o ka honua, pīhoihoi lākou i nā mea kanu a haki nā aʻa o nā mea kanu. Akā ʻaʻole pono mākou e poina i ka manawa like e hoʻokuʻu ai nā holoholona i ka lepo, kahi e hoʻoheheʻe ai i ka oxygen i loko o ia mea, kahi e kōkua ai i ka hana nui o nā mea kanu like a me nā microorganism maikaʻi.
No nā mole, ʻaʻohe nui o ka ʻokoʻa: ke ao ma ka honua a me ka pō, ʻaʻole ia he mea e kahaha ai no ka makapō a me ka nohona. ʻO kēia mau holoholona he biorhythm a ʻokoʻa loa.
Noho lākou ala no kekahi manawa a i ʻehā mau hola, a laila hoʻomaha, a laila hou, no kahi manawa like, hoʻokomo lākou i ka hana. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole hiki i kēlā mau holoholona ke hiamoe no ʻekolu mau hola.
Ma lalo o ka honua, ʻaʻole huakaʻi ʻoe, a no laila ʻaʻole neʻe nui kēia mau holoholona. A ʻo ka mea koe, he mau wā wela wela mau paha. I ka manawa i hōʻike ʻia, neʻe kokoke nā mole i nā kahawai a me nā kino wai ʻē aʻe i ʻole ai ka momona o kā lākou meaola.
Mole ʻaʻole aloha i ke kaiāulu. A pili kēia i nā mea ola āpau a i nā hoahānau paha. ʻO ia mau holoholona he inveterate loners, a eia kekahi, he mau mea nui lākou. Hoʻoikaika kēlā me kēia e loaʻa kahi ʻāpana ʻāina pākahi, nā kuleana āna e makemake ai e hoʻomalu, a me ka ikaika loa.
ʻAʻole kūpono nā mole. A i kekahi manawa ikaika loa lākou, a pili wale kēia i nā kāne wale nō, akā i ka hapalua wahine hoʻi. I mea e noʻonoʻo ai i ka mānoanoa o ka nui o nā mole, ʻike mākou mai kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ia mau holoholona a i ʻekolu mau kakini e hiki ke hoʻokau ma kahi o 1 hectare.
Inā he mau hoanoho nā mole, hoʻāʻo lākou ʻaʻole e hui pū kekahi me kekahi. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia holoholona nā ʻaoʻao i lalo o ka honua, kahi e hoʻoikaika ai e noho, ʻaʻole mālama i nā pilina me nā ʻohana. I ka hanana kuʻi hewa ʻole o kēia mau mea, hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻopuehu me ka wikiwiki, me ka hana ʻole ʻana i nā pilikia na lākou iho.
ʻOiai ʻo kēlā me kēia o lākou i ka ʻauʻau e ʻoliʻoli lawe i ka panalāʻau o kekahi. A no laila, inā make kekahi hoalauna, e noho ana i nā panalāʻau e pili ana, honi koke lākou e pili ana iā ia. A ʻo kā lākou mau mole i lilo i mea ʻoi aku ka eleu, hopu i ka wahi i hakahaka ʻia, akā i kekahi mau hihia e hoʻokaʻawale ia ma waena o nā mea noi.
Pehea e wehewehe ai kēia mau holoholona i waena o nā pūnaewele i noho a hakahaka? Haʻalele kēia mau mea i nā māka ma kā lākou mau waiwai, a ʻo ka mea a lākou e hūnā ai i ka manawa like he hūnā ʻala loa.
I ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole hibernate nā mole. Hoʻomākaukau lākou no ke anuanu i ke ʻano ʻokoʻa: ʻeli lākou i nā lua hohonu, hōʻiliʻili i nā waihona momona a me nā meaʻai. Ma lalo wale nō o ka honua, palekana kēia mau holoholona. Ke hele nei i waho, lilo lākou i pale ʻole. No laila, hoʻouka kūleʻa ʻia lākou e martens, pueo, ʻalopeke a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe.
Meaʻai kūpono
Pili kēia mau mea i ke kaʻina o nā insectivores, no laila, pili kā lākou papaʻai i kēia. Mole holoholona lepo loaʻa ka meaʻai iā ia iho i loko o nā ʻāpana hānai, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā ʻalalā o lalo i ʻeli ʻia e ia, me ke kōkua o ka ihu e hoʻokaʻawale pono i nā pilau.
ʻAi ʻo ia i nā slug, nā larva beetle, ʻenuhe honua. Akā ʻimi kēia mau poʻe i lalo i ka honua a hele mai i luna. Ma laila lākou e hopu ai i nā nalo, nā moʻo, nā rana, nā ʻiole liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia mau holoholona, i kūʻē i kekahi mau lono hilinaʻi ʻole, mai hoʻohana iki i nā meaʻai mea kanu. Nui ka ikaika o ka metabolism o ka ʻai o nā mole, a pono iā lākou ma kahi o 150 g o ka meaʻai holoholona i kēlā me kēia lā.
I ka hopena o ke kau, e hoʻomākaukau ana no ke anuanu, hoʻomaka nā holoholona e hana iā lākou iho i nā lako hoʻoilo, e hoʻoneʻe ana i kā lākou mea pio ma o ka nahu ʻana. ʻO ia mau panalā, aia ma kahi kokoke o ka pūnana, loaʻa ma mua o 2 kg o ka hānai.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hana nā mole pili ʻole i ka hoʻokoe ʻana no nā wā male pōkole, no ka mea ua koi ʻia lākou e hui me nā kānaka o ka wahine ʻē aʻe i mea e hoʻomau ai i ka genus. Akā no nā kāne, lilo ia ʻano kamaʻilio i mea pōkole loa.
Ma hope o ka moekolohe, kahi e hana hou ai i lalo o ka honua, hoʻi lākou i ko lākou ola mehameha maʻamau a ʻaʻole hoihoi iki i nā keiki. Kū hoʻokahi ka male ʻana i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki, a pili ka manawa i ka wahi noho o nā holoholona.
Lawe ʻia nā keiki e nā wahine ma kahi o 40 mau lā, a laila hana hewa ʻia kahi mau (a hiki i ʻelima), ʻaʻole uhi ʻia me ka lauoho, hānau nā keiki. Mole – māmele, no laila, maopopo leʻa e hoʻomaka nā keiki hānau hou e ʻai i ka waiū umauma, ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka momona momona.
Akā hoʻomohala koke lākou, a no laila, ma hope o kekahi mau pule ʻelua, hoʻololi liʻiliʻi lākou i nā ʻano meaʻai ʻē aʻe, e ʻai ana i nā ʻenuhe honua i ka nui. I ka makahiki o hoʻokahi mahina, ua hiki i nā holoholona ʻōpio ke ʻeli kūʻokoʻa e ʻeli i nā ala lalo, loaʻa ka meaʻai a noho me ka mālama ʻole o nā mākua.
No laila, loaʻa kahi hanauna hou o nā mole no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kā lākou ʻāina kūʻokoʻa.
Hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke ola a ʻehiku mau makahiki. Akā i nā kūlana kūlohelohe ua make pinepine lākou ma mua o nā niho o nā mea ʻaihue a me nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole.
