Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
He kala ʻulaʻula ko ka nīpā. ʻO ke kumu ma kona kino kahi hoʻololi o nā wahi ʻeleʻele me nā kaha melemele ma ka ʻōiwi, a me ke ʻano kala like ʻole ma ke poʻo a ʻeono mau wāwae.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ke kala ʻālohilohi o nā kolo i kūlohelohe e hōʻike pinepine he mea make kēia mea. Kāhea pinepine ʻia nā nūpepa āpau i nā mea lele lele ʻino e pili ana i ka stalk-bellied o ka suborder, me ka ʻokoʻa o nā pi.
Pau ʻūpā ma ke kiʻi like ko lākou ʻano, eia nō naʻe, a me ke ola, akā ʻokoʻa paha ka nui. ʻEhā lākou mau ʻeheu aniani moʻo i hoʻonohonoho ʻālua ʻia. Eia hou, he mana loea waha ko lākou a me nā maka helehelena, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka mea kolo me ka hihiʻo maikaʻi loa.
Ma luna o ko lākou mau wāwae, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā lauoho huluhulu, e ʻae ana i kēlā mau mea ola e hopu a paʻa i nā ʻano ʻilikai like ʻole.
Me nā ʻenemi e noho nei i loko o ka ʻōpelu ma ke ʻano: nā māmela, nā manu, nā moʻo a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻelua ala o kēia ʻenemi e hakakā ai.
ʻO ka mea mua, nā kala ʻōlinolino ponoʻī kahi pale ikaika. Hoʻoweliweli ʻo ia i ka ʻenemi, a me nā mea ʻānai holoholona i nā ʻāpana āpau, e ʻiʻini nei i ka pio, pau ka ʻai i ka nānā ʻana i nā nīnē. ʻO kā lākou kala ke kumu o nā hui ʻoluʻolu ʻole i nā mea ola he nui.
Akā inā hana naʻaupō kekahi o nā mea hoʻowahāwahā e hoʻāʻo lapuwale e ʻākoakoa i nā mea kolo, ma hope o ke kuhi ahi mua, ua nalo loa ko lākou mau makemake. ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu loa ia. No laila, ma hope iho, ua hoʻōki ka ʻenemi i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e alualu i nā nalo, i hoʻomohala ʻia i loko o lākou ka reflex.
Akā ma waho o nā hana passive o ka pale ʻana, he ʻano hana nō kā kēia mau mea kolo. A kōkua kā lākou lāʻau ʻona iā lākou i kēia - kahi mana kūʻokoʻa e like me ka lau o ka pahi i ka helehelena a me ke kumu o ka hana.
Piʻi manuahi ia i ka ʻili o ka holoholona, ʻoiai ʻo ia e puka aku nei me ka ʻole o ka pilikia, ua ʻāpono mua i kāna ʻāpana o ka lāʻau make. Aia kēia ʻōhua ma ka wēlau o ka ʻōpū, e like me ka pi, no ka mea ʻeneke peʻa like me ka ʻīpala, hiki nō hoʻi ke nahu.
Akā nā nahu o kēia mau mea ʻona ʻona he mau ʻano like ʻole, i kumu nui na lākou iho. ʻAʻole like me nā pi, e make ana, ma ka liʻiliʻi e hoʻohana ana i kā lākou mea kaua ʻoi loa a waiho iā lākou i loko o ke kino o ka ʻenemi, e noho mau nā nalo.
Ke nahu ʻia, ʻaʻole e waiho kahi ʻūpī i ka ʻū, ʻokoʻa ka pi
Eia kekahi, hauʻoli nui lākou ma hope o ka nahu ʻia ʻana a hiki ke hana i kahi hoʻouka hou. Hoʻohui ʻia, hāʻawi ʻia nā nalo i ka hiki, ke hoʻouka, e hoʻohana ai ʻaʻole wale nā kuʻi, akā, nā ā āole ikaika. Akā, e like me nā nalo meli, ʻo kēia mau mea kolo, e honi ana i ke ʻala o ka mea make i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ko lākou kaikunāne i loko o ke kino o ka ʻenemi, e komo maoli nō i loko o ke kaua, e hoʻouka like pū ana i ka mea nāna i hoʻopūʻiwa.
Ma waho, ʻano like kēia mau mea kolo, akā ʻaʻole paʻakikī loa e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou me ke kala. Inā melemele ʻūpā me ka ʻeleʻele, ʻokoʻa iki nā kala ma ke kino o ka bee, me ka hoʻohui o nā leo ʻalani.
I ka paʻi paʻi kiʻi a me ka pi
ʻAno palaoa
Ua wehewehe nā Zoologists i kahi nui o nā ʻano pepelu. Kūlike lākou i ka lauana ma ke poʻo, maʻamau i mua o ia. ʻO ke kaha kiʻi i ka hapanui o nā hihia kū i waho no kona akāka, akā hiki ke ʻokoʻa loa kona kinona. ʻO kahi laʻana, loaʻa i ka nalo maʻamau ka heleuma heleuma.
Pau ʻano ʻūpā pili i kekahi o nā ʻāpana ʻelua: nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia mau ʻano pepeke a me nā mea mehameha. E kūkākūkā ʻia kēia mea i ka wā e hiki mai ana. A e wehewehe mua mākou i kekahi o nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano. A e hoʻomaka me ka mea mua.
Nā ʻūmi pepa He hui i komo i nā ʻohana ʻohana he nui. Ma nā wahi waena o ʻEulopa ma kahi o 60 mau ʻano like, a a puni ka honua aia ma kahi o hoʻokahi tausani o lākou.
Kāhea ʻia kēia mau mea ʻelima i nā nūnē kaiāulu maʻalahi, ʻoiai lākou e noho nei i nā kolone i loaʻa kahi pilina pili loa a hoihoi loa.
A ko lākou inoa mua - "pepa" ʻo ia mau peʻapeʻa i loaʻa ma muli o ke ʻano o ke kūkulu ʻana i kā lākou pūnana. E kūkākūkā pū ʻia kēia ma hope.
Loaʻa nā inoa o nā moʻo pepa i ko lākou inoa mai nā mea e like me ka pūnana
Hornets - ʻo kēia ka inoa o kahi genus holoʻokoʻa mai ka hui o nā peʻa pepa. Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa kona mau lunamakaʻāinana e nā nui nui, a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 55 cm (akā ʻo kēia ka nui loa). Noho nā ʻano ʻino ma ka Hemoleka ʻAkau, ke manaʻo ʻia nei ua aneane make ʻole i kēia lā, a no laila maopopo leʻa he kakaikahi lākou.
Hōʻailona ʻūlū he ākea koʻikoʻi o ka pāpale aliʻi a me kahi ʻōpū i hoʻopuni ʻia e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe. He mea maikaʻi loa ka lāʻau make o kēia mau mea kolo, a no laila ʻeha loa kā lākou nahu. A ʻo ke kanaka i ʻeha mai iā lākou, ma ke ʻano he rula, loaʻa iā ia ke kōkua lapaʻau.
Ua ʻoi aku ka weliweli o kēia mau hoʻouka kaua ʻana no ka mea hiki i kahi kolo ke hana i kekahi o nā injection o ka lāʻau make i ka lālani. ʻO ka make hoʻi pinepine i waena o ka poʻe i hoʻopilikia ʻia e kēlā ʻano hoʻouka kaua. Ua koho ʻia ʻo Hornets ma ke ʻano he wasps maoli - he ʻohana e pili pū ana me nā ʻohana ʻohana o Vespina a me Polystina.
ʻAno like ka Hornet a me ka nalo i ka helehelena, akā ʻokoʻa i ka nui.
ʻO nā wasps noho kaʻawale, e like me ka inoa e hoʻolaha ai, ʻokoʻa i nā congeners kaiaulu e kahi predisposition kūlohelohe i kahi noho kaʻawale. Hoʻopili kēia mau mea kolo i nā ʻohana ʻokoʻa aʻe o ke aupuni ʻāpuʻupuʻu, kahi kūpono e ʻōlelo kūikawā ai.
1. Puʻu pua - nā mea liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka mea maʻamau ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i hoʻokahi kenimika. ʻO kā lākou meaʻai ka pollen a me ka wai nectar. Kūkulu lākou i ko lākou pūnana mai ke one a me ka pālolo, pulu iā lākou me ka luha.
ʻO ko lākou ola pōʻaiapuni, me ka pae larval, ma kahi o ʻelua mau makahiki. I ka huina, aia ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli mau ʻano o ia mau nalo. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine lākou i nā wahi kahi kahi meaʻai no lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pua.
2. ʻ waspuʻu one... Aia he nui hou aku nā ʻano o kēīa ʻino, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me kēlā mau mea i hōʻike ʻia aʻe nei. Aia ma kahi o 8800 o lākou i ka honua. Hiki ke liʻiliʻi ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino, ma kahi o ka hapalua kenimika.
Akā aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i ʻoi aku ka nui. Hiki i kā lākou nui i 2 cm. Loaʻa lākou i ka nui ma nā kahawai. ʻAi lākou i nā mea kolo, e hoʻomalule mua iā lākou me kā lākou lāʻau make. Kūkulu ʻia nā pūnana i ka honua.
ʻIke ʻia ke kino o ka nui o nā nalo e kahi unahi ʻeleʻele a me melemele.
Aia kekahi ʻano laulā o nā nī one, mawaena o lākou he one a me ka lua
Akā he mau hoʻokoe, no ka mea, ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona o nā kala ʻokoʻa e noho nei ma ka honua. O kahi laʻana, ʻūpā ʻeleʻele... Hiki i kēia mau mea kolo ke nui a medium paha i ka nui.
He mea ʻawaʻawa kā lākou mea make. Loaʻa lākou i ka hapanui o ka tropic, akā aia kekahi mau ʻano e aʻa maikaʻi i nā wahi anuanu. ʻO nā mea punahele o ia mau mea he nūhou, a lākou e ʻimi ai me ke akamai nui. A hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻiʻo o ka poʻe i hōʻino ʻia e hānai i nā larva.
I ke kūlohelohe, aia kekahi keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula... Hoʻonohonoho ʻia lākou i waena o nā makaʻi kānalua no nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka lāhui kanaka.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā nalo ma nā wahi āpau, ma nā ʻaneʻane o kēlā me kēia kihi o ka honua, koe wale nō nā wahi kūpono ʻole i ke ola. Makemake lākou e noho kokoke i kahi kanaka, no ka mea aia mau kekahi mea e ʻai ai ma kahi kokoke o ka poʻe a me ko lākou mau home.
ʻO ka manawa kēia e hele e kikoʻī hou aku e pili ana i ka nohona kaiāulu i loko o nā ʻūpā pepa. ʻO kēia mau ʻelele o ka hōʻike ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā laha e pono e nānā nui ʻia, no ka mea ke kamaʻilio lākou e pili ana i nā nūpā, ʻo ka manaʻo maʻamau he mau nalo hihiu hihiu wale nō ia. ʻOiai ʻaʻole pololei loa kēia.
ʻO nā hui kahi e ʻākoakoa ai kēia mau mea ʻino no ke ola hui he ʻohana pili pili i kapa ʻia he mau kolone. Hiki iā lākou ke 20 tausani lālā. I loko o ia mau ʻohana, aia kahi hana kaiāulu maikaʻi e hana ana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā castes me kahi ʻano kikoʻī o nā kuleana.
Hana ka uterus i ka hānau ʻana. Mālama nā nalo hana i nā larvae, hānai i ke koena o ka ʻohana a kiaʻi i ka hale maʻamau. Kūkulu ka uterus i ka pūnana mai nā mea like me ka pepa.
Hana ʻia ia e nā nalo iā lākou iho, ma ke kua ʻana i ka wahie a me ka hoʻohuihui ʻana i kēia mea me kā lākou lawai ponoʻī. Kōkua ka iwi ā ikaika i kēia mau mea ola i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pūnana.
E like me ia, hiki i ka kōpū ke molo finely i kahi kumulāʻau paʻakikī. ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā nalo a me nā drones ma kahi o 18 mm ka nui, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka uterus o kēia mau mea kolo. ʻO nā kāne a me nā wahine e like ke kala me ka like, akā i nā wahine wahine nui ka ʻōpū. ʻAʻole hiki i nā nūnō kū hoʻokahi ke kūkulu i nā pūnana, akā hoʻohana i nā mink i hana ʻia e nā ʻelima ʻē aʻe a me nā meheu liʻiliʻi.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻO Wasp kanikau he kanalua pono ʻole, e luku kūleʻa ana i nā nalo lele, māla a me nā mea hoʻomake kūloko. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana iā lākou, mau mea holoi mea nui, e hoʻokō nei i kā lākou hana kūlohelohe. Lilo kēia i mea nui i nā kau i ka manawa he nui nā ʻino ʻino no nā kumu kūlohelohe.
Makemake nā Wasps e ʻai i nā huaʻai mai nā mea kanu mea kanu, e hoʻohana ana i kā lākou pulp a me ka wai momona, a me ka nectar mea kanu. Hoʻopiha piha kēia ʻano meaʻai i nā pono o ka holoi mau ʻana.
Akā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻāʻo e loaʻa ka lawa iā lākou iho, ʻoiai, ʻo ka mea mua loa, e hānai i ka ʻōpū a me nā pua i hāpai ʻia. ʻO kā lākou kuleana kēia. ʻO ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻūlū ʻāpā, hiki iā lākou ke hānai i kā lākou belching, inā huli koke ʻaʻole lawa ka meaʻai na lākou.
ʻOi aku me ka meaʻai lilo i mea paʻakikī i ka hāʻule, no ka mea i kēia wā ua nalowale nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. A ma aneʻi hōʻike mau nā nūnū i ka wiwo ʻole a me ke akamai e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai.
Ma kahi kokoke i ke kauwela, ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou e lele ana i nā helu he nui kokoke i ka nohona kanaka. Ke wili nei lākou ma laila, e hoʻāʻo nei e pāʻina i kahi mea mai ka papa ʻaina o ka poʻe a i ʻole kekahi ʻano ʻōpala.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻO ka moena o ka pūnana pulu ʻāpā, kahi i kū i ka wā o ke kau, i kahi i ʻOkakopa. Kāhea ʻia nā kāne o kēia mau kolo drones, e like me nā pi. ʻO ke kumu o kēlā kolo kolone ke kolohe me ka ʻōpū.
ʻAʻohe o lākou kuleana ʻē aʻe. I ka hāʻule, pili ka uterus me kekahi mau drones i ka manawa hoʻokahi, a ke loaʻa nei kā lākou hua, mālama iā ia i loko o kona kino a hiki i ka puna aʻe. ʻO nā kāne, ke hoʻokō nei i kā lākou kumu maoli, make koke. A ʻo ka pūpū no ka wā holoʻokoʻa o ke anuanu a me ke anuanu e hāʻule i ka animation hoʻomaha.
Me ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka mehana, ala ʻo ia mai ka hiamoe ʻana, a hoʻomaka koke e hana i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pūnana. Mai nā mea hea ka hale o ka ʻohana aspen e kūkulu ʻia nei, ua ʻōlelo ʻia, pono e hoʻohui wale ʻia ia, e like me nā nalo meli, ʻo ia nā hunaola.
Hana ʻia ka moʻo Uterus me nā drones kāne
ʻO ka mea mua, nānā ka ʻōpū i kahi kūpono no ka pūnana, a laila hana ʻo ia i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā waihona meli. A pau kēia ʻōnaehana i ke kau ʻana ma luna o ka lālā a i ka lua o kahi kumulāʻau, a i ʻole, e like me ka pinepine, ma ke kaupaku a i ʻole ke keʻena o kekahi ʻano. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā pūnana nū e hoʻopili i nā mōlina o nā puka aniani, i nā māla a me nā ululāʻau, i nā lua i haʻalele ʻia o nā ʻiole liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi hua manu i loko o kēlā me kēia keena, e ulu ana ka hanana i nā lā ʻeono e hiki mai ana. Koke, puka mai nā lūlū i loko o nā waihona. ʻO ka mea, ʻo ka kōpū, a ma hope aku, nā lālā ʻohana ʻē aʻe, mālama i kā lākou hānai ʻana. Hāʻawi ʻia lākou i meaʻai, ʻoki ʻoki pono ʻia e ka nau ʻana, nā ʻelala.
Ke hala nei ka manawa, hiki mai ka wā aʻe - ka pupa. Huli ka larva i loko ona, a wahī iā ia iho i kahi cobweb. Kāhea ʻia kēia he cocoon. Mai ia mea, ma hope o 3 mau lā, kū ka imago, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi ʻōpala i ke kahua mākua.
Nā ʻōnaehana ʻāpana ʻūpā
E hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole like nā hua o kēia mau kolo. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomomona a ʻaʻole paha. Mai nā hua o ka ʻano mua, kū mai kahi mōʻī wahine hou a me nā nalo hana. Aia wale nō ia i ka ʻano o ka hānai ʻana i ka pae larval. Hāʻawi nā hua manu ʻole i ke ola i nā drones.
Ma hope o ka puka ʻana mai o nā nalo hana mai kā lākou mau cocoons, ʻo ka mōʻī wahine a ke mōʻī wahine e kūkulu i pūnana a hānai i nā keiki, ʻo kēia wale nō kāna mea e hopohopo nei, a waiho ʻo ia i ʻekolu haneli ʻāpana i ka lā.
Ma ka waena o ke kauwela, nā kuleana no ka hānai ʻana i nā lū i lawe ʻia e ka ʻōpio ʻeneke peʻa... Kūkulu lākou i nā huna meli a hānai i ka kōpū ponoʻī. I ka hopena o ke kauwela, haʻalele nā ʻāpā limahana i ka hatch; i ka hāʻule, hānau wale nā wahine a me nā drones.
I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ka kōpū ke hoʻomoe i kāna mau hua i ka hāʻule. Ke ʻimi nei ka hanauna hou o nā nūnū i ʻelua pālua no ka male ʻana ma waho o kā lākou pūnana ʻōiwi. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka nuʻukia, make nā kāne, e like me ka maʻamau. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pili kēia hopena i nā wahine. Hāleʻa lākou e hana i ko lākou kolone hou i ka puna.
Noho ka uterus i ka hapa nui o ka ʻohana aspen. ʻO kona lōʻihi ke ola ma kahi o 10 mau mahina. ʻO nā nalo hana, e like me nā drones, ola i nā ola pōkole loa - ma kahi o ʻehā mau pule.
He aha e hana ai inā nahu ʻia kahi ʻāpā?
Mālama ikaika nā lālā o ka ʻohana aspen i kā lākou pūnana. I ka nānā ʻana i kēia, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea i hoʻokokoke aku iā ia ma ke ʻaʻa ʻana a ma ke kumu paha e loaʻa i nā pilikia nui. Ekahi ʻūpā ʻawahia, aʻo ka mea nāna i hoʻopilikia i ka pūnana o ka ʻohana ke kali nei no ka hoʻouka kolohe nui ʻole o nā mea kolo he nui, kahi kauoha o ka nui e weliweli i ke olakino.
He ʻeha ka nahu o kahi mea ola, a ʻo kahi a kahi hana ʻinoʻino i hoʻowalewale i kāna ʻū e ʻulaʻula a hu a. Inā he ʻāpā maʻamau kēia, ʻaʻole ia he lunamakaʻāinana o kekahi ʻano mea ʻona, a laila nalo ka ʻeha o ka nahu i ka hapalua hola. Akā mau ka ʻōhū.
ʻAʻole wale nā kānaka, akā ʻaʻole no nā malihini e hoʻokipa ʻia. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻokokoke aku i ka poʻe. A e like paha ke kaʻana like o ke kāne a me ka ʻōpelu i hoʻokahi mea ʻono.
Ke lawe nei i ka meaʻai i kou waha, hiki nō ke ʻike ʻole i ka mea hiki ʻole ke noho i luna. A laila nahu ʻāpā ʻo ia ka mea ʻeha loa, no ka mea, e hoʻōlapa ia i kāna ʻūlū i ke alelo a i ʻole nā mea lahilahi i loko o ka waha.
Loaʻa pinepine ka poʻe i kahi hopena maʻi ʻino i nā ʻūpā ʻū
Hiki i kēia ke hōʻino nui i nā alaloa, a hiki i kā lākou pehu ʻana ke kumu i ka hōʻeha hānō. He weliweli loa kēia no nā mea maʻi maʻi āpau, ka mea e hoʻomanaʻo i ka wā e hele aku ai i waho i ke kūlohelohe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lāʻau kūpono me ʻoe.
Pono ka mea i hōʻino ʻia o nā ʻano ʻino e hoʻomaʻalili i ka pūnaewele nahu i ka manawa kūpono me ka hau a me kahi kāwele mākū. Kōkua nui ʻo Plantain i nā hihia like. Holoi mua ʻia kāna lau, a ʻūlū a hoʻopili ʻia i ka wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia. Pono e hoʻololi i kēlā mau compresses mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa, a laila nalowale koke ka ʻulaʻula ʻeha a me ka pehu.
