Kaulana ka mele mele no kāna mele ʻana, kahi e like ai ke kani o ke kani me ka leo o ka puaʻa i loko o kahi pā wela. No laila ka inoa, ka mea e hōʻike i ka haʻalulu, e kani ana me kahi smack. I ka Czech Republic, kapa ʻia ka starling spachek, unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he "fat".
ʻO ka mea hoʻohālike huluhulu o nā leo he ʻokoʻa i kāna tālena. I ka ʻohana lele, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i ka meow o ka pōpoki. Punawai ʻānela ʻaʻole like ka maʻamau me ka manaʻo o ka nui.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Pihi manu liʻiliʻi i ka nui, hoʻohālikelike pinepine ʻia i ka helehelena i ka blackbird. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kahi manu ma mua o 22 cm, ke kaumaha ma kahi o 75 g, kahi eheu e pili ana i 37-39 cm. Nui ke kino, me nā ʻōmole pouli e hoʻomālamalama nei i ka lā me nā kiko liʻiliʻi o ke kala mālamalama, ʻike ʻia i ka puna i nā wahine. ʻIke maopopo loa ʻia kahi hoʻolaha ʻana o nā kiko keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ka holika i ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ma hope lilo ka plumage i mea like.
Pōkole ka huelo o nā manu, 6-7 wale nō cm. Aia ke kala i kahi sheen metallic. Loaʻa ka hopena ma muli o ka pigment i kēia manawa, akā i ka hoʻolālā maoli o nā hulu. Kaukaʻi ʻia, ka uila, ke kala o ka plumage e hoʻololi i nā aka.
I nā ʻano lūlū like ʻole, hiki i ka lā i ka lā ke poni, keleawe, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, polū. ʻUlaʻula ʻulaʻula nā wāwae o nā manu, me nā māiʻuʻu meli.
Kūlike ke poʻo o ka manu i ke kino, pōkole ka ʻāʻī. Pihi loa ka nuku, lōʻihi, ʻūlū iki i lalo, pālahalaha ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao, ʻeleʻele i ke kala, akā i ke kau moʻo hoʻololi i ke kala i melemele. He nuku ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele wale nō o nā moa. Hāʻawi ʻia ko lākou wā ʻōpio e nā ʻēheu i hoʻopuni ʻia, kahi ʻāʻī māmā a me ka ʻole o kahi gloss metallic i ko lākou kala.
Aia nā ʻokoʻa iki ma waena o nā wahine a me nā kāne. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke kāne ma nā kiko lilac ma ka nuku a me nā hulu lōʻihi ma ka umauma, a ʻo ka wahine e nā ʻulaʻula, nā hulu pōkole o kahi ʻano hanohano. Māmā a wikiwiki hoʻi ka lele ʻana o nā starling.
ʻOkoʻa nā starling mele mai nā blackbirds e ko lākou hiki ke holo i ka honua, a lele ʻole. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka starling e ke ʻano o ke mele - hoʻoluliluli pinepine ʻo ia i kona mau ʻeheu i ka wā o ka hana o ka ʻāpana.
ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻohālike i nā leo o nā manu a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e hoʻohuli i kahi starling maʻamau i mea pena kiʻi ʻē. Hiki iā ia ke "ʻōlelo" me nā leo o nā manu ʻokoʻa:
- orioles;
- kāhu ʻaʻala;
- jays;
- lark;
- ʻalalā;
- nā mea kaua;
- bluethroats;
- ʻōhumu;
- pēpē, moa a moa, a pēlā aku.
Ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa ua ʻike mākou i nā starling i hōʻea i ka puna a hīmeni me nā leo o nā manu pāhuna. Hoʻopuka nā manu i ka nuku o ka puka pā, ke kani o kahi mīkini kikokiko, ke kaomi ʻana o ka hipa, ke kani ʻana o nā hipa, ka ʻūlū ʻana o nā rana mākō, ka meow o nā pōpoki, a me kahi ʻīlio hae.
Hīlio hīmeni i kūkulu ʻia e ka hū o kona leo ponoʻī. "Hōʻiliʻili" nā manu makua i kā lākou repertoire, hāʻawi lokomaikaʻi i kā lākou mau ukana.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka starling
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Kaulana ka manu mele ma nā ʻāina nui o Eurasia, ʻApelika Hema, ʻAukekulia. Noho hou ka noho mahalo ʻana i ke kanaka. ʻIke ʻia ka starling ma Turkey, India, Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran. He paʻakikī ke aʻa ʻana o nā starling i ʻAmelika Waena a me ʻAmelika Hema. Nui nā manu i make, akā ua ola kekahi ma laila pū kekahi.
ʻIke e pili ana i starling, manu lele a i ʻole ka hoʻoilo, pili i kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana. Noho mau nā manu e noho ana ma ka hema komohana o ʻEulopa, a ʻo ka mea maʻamau i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau hikina he neʻe lākou, e lele mau ana i ka hema i ka hoʻoilo.
Kūleʻa nā neʻe kau no nā starling mai Pelekiuma, Holland, Polani, Lūkia. Hoʻomaka ka lele ʻana o nā pūʻulu mua ma Kepakemapa a pau ma Nowemapa. No nā wahi hoʻoilo, neʻe nā manu i nā wahi hema o ʻEulopa, i India, a me nā wahi komohana ʻākau o ʻApelika.
Uhi nā manu wiwo ʻole i nā mamao mai 100 a 1-2 tausani kilomita. Pono nā manu i 1-2 kū i ke ao. Pili mau nā mokulele ma luna o ke kai me ka makaʻu nui. Hiki ke luku ʻia kahi pūʻulu manu āpau e kahi ʻino.
I kekahi manawa loaʻa ke ola i nā starling i nā moku kai, ke iho mai nei ma luna o nā papa he nui. Wahi a nā hōʻailona hoʻokalakupua a me nā manaʻoʻiʻo o nā luina, ʻo ka make ʻana o hoʻokahi manu ma luna o ka moku e hoʻoweliweli ana i ka wai. Pale mau ka poʻe Starling i ka poʻe ma ke kai.
ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu nā manu i lele mai kahi mamao mai no ka walaʻau a lākou e hana ai. No laila, pani nā kamaʻāina o Roma i kā lākou puka aniani i nā ahiahi i ʻole e lohe i ka leo uē ʻana o nā manu, ʻoi aku ka leo ma mua o ke kani o nā kaʻa e kaʻahele ana. Nā Starling i ka hoʻoilo e ʻākoakoa i nā kolone nui, e helu ana ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona mau kānaka.
Hiki i nā Starling ke ʻākoakoa i nā pūʻā lehulehu
I ka puna, i Malaki-i ka mua o ʻApelila, i ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hau, ʻike ʻia ka poʻe mua i hoʻi i ka home. Ma nā wahi ʻākau, ʻike ʻia lākou i ka hopena o ʻApelila a Mei paha. Inā i hoʻi mai nā manu, ʻaʻole hoʻi i emi ke anu, a laila nui ka poʻe i ka make.
Hōʻike mua nā kāne, e koho ana i nā wahi no ka pūnana o ka wā e hiki mai ana. Hiki mai nā wahine ma hope iki. I ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana, nānā nā manu i nā kumulāʻau me nā lua hakahaka no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā pūnana a i ʻole noho i nā niches o nā hale like ʻole.
Starling i ka wā puna hakakā nui, ʻeleu. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e kū ma ka ʻaha me nā manu ʻē aʻe, hoʻopiʻi hou ʻo ia i kahi pūnaewele kūpono no ka pūnana ʻana, ola nā hoalauna. Aia kekahi mau hihia i ʻike ʻia o ka ʻākoakoa ʻana mai nā ululāʻau poʻo ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻolokaʻa i loko o ko lākou mau home.
He ʻenemi lawa nā starling iā lākou iho. He mea momona lākou no nā peregrine falcons, ʻaeto, aeto gula. Luku pinepine ʻia nā pūnana e nā mea ʻaihue honua, ʻoiai nā ʻalalā a me nā mopy ʻaʻole makemake lākou e ʻai i nā hua a me nā pūnana o nā starling.
Pili nā manu i waena o lākou iho, noho i nā kolone. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻohana he nui o nā starling i ka lele ʻana, kahi a lākou e lewa like ai, huli a pae i ka ʻāina, a hemo wale i nā wahi nui ma ka honua.
Noho i ka pō i nā hui i loko o nā mānoanoa o nā ʻohe, nā wilowalu o nā kahakai kahakai, ma nā lālā o ka māla a i ʻole nā ulu lāʻau, nā lāʻau.
ʻO ka wahi noho o nā starling kahi pālahalaha me nā kahawai, nā kahawai a me nā kino wai ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa nā manu moe i nā ulu lāʻau, nā wahi iʻa, kokoke i nā wahi kanaka, nā hale mahiʻai.
ʻIke ʻia nā manu e nā ʻāina āpau ma ke ʻano he kumuwaiwai hiki ke loaʻa. Hōʻalo nā Starling i nā wahi mauna, nā ʻāina i noho ʻole ʻia. Hāʻawi ka hana kanaka i nā manu me ka meaʻai.
I kekahi manawa hōʻino ka nui o nā starling i nā hua palaoa, nā māla berry. Hiki i nā ʻohana hipa nui ke hoʻoweliweli i ka palekana lele. Akā mahalo mau ka poʻe i nā mea hīmeni no ka luku ʻia o nā meaola āpau: nā nalo, nā ʻenuhe, nā ʻūhini, nā slug, nā gadflies. ʻO ke hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā hale manu kahi mea kono mau no nā manu e kipa i ka ʻāina mahiʻai.
Nā ʻano
Kūkākūkā nā kānaka ʻepekema e pili ana i ka ʻauhau ʻauhau o nā mea lawelawe starling, no ka mea he paʻakikī ka ʻokoʻa ʻana o ka plumage a me ka nui i ka ʻike ʻia o ka manu Aia he 12 mau ʻano nui, ʻo ka mea kaulana i ko mākou ʻāina ka starling maʻamau (shpak), starling liʻiliʻi, hina a me Kepanī (papalina ʻulaʻula). Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Starling e ko lākou ʻano hiʻohiʻona me nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻi:
- ākala;
- apo pepeiao;
- ʻ Indiannia (myna);
- buffalo (kauō);
- ʻēheu ʻeleʻele.
Kahunapule loaʻa kona inoa ma muli o kona ʻano kala. ʻO ka umauma ʻulaʻula, ʻōpū, ʻaoʻao, i kūkulu ʻia e nā ʻēheu ʻeleʻele, poʻo, ʻāʻī e hana i kahi lole kupaianaha no ka manu puna. ʻO Starling i ka kiʻi me he mea lā i ka lole hoʻoliʻiliʻi. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o kahi ʻāpana o nā manu ʻulaʻula e like me ke ao ʻākala lana. ʻO ka ʻai nui o kēia mau manu he ʻūhini.
Hoʻokahi manu e pono ma kahi o 200 g o nā kolo i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻo ia ka pālua o ke kaupaona o ka starling iho. Noho nā manu ma kahi kokoke i ka pāpū a me nā steppes, a pūnana i nā ana pōhaku, nā lua, nā hale pōhaku. He maluhia maʻamau nā ʻōniʻoniʻo Pink, ʻaʻohe hakakā manu ma waena o lākou.
Noho wale ka earring (horned) starling ma ʻApelika. Loaʻa ka inoa no ka ulu o ke kino ma nā poʻo o nā kāne e hōʻike ʻia i ka wā hānau. ʻO nā mea ulu e like me nā ʻāpana moa i ka helehelena.
Hoʻopūnana kēia ʻano ma nā lālā lāʻau, e hana ana i nā hale domed. ʻAi wale nā kula o nā lūlū pipi i nā ʻūhini wale nō, no laila e hāhai lākou ma muli o ka hemo ʻana o nā mea kolo mai ko lākou wahi. ʻO ka hina o ka starling he hina nui.
ʻ stariwi starling (myna). Kāhea ʻia ka manu ʻĀkia i kekahi manawa ʻo Starling Afghanistan. Pili nā inoa āpau me ka hoʻolaha ākea o nā manu. ʻO ke kala o ka plumage e hoʻomalu ʻia e ka ʻeleʻele, akā ʻo ka hopena o ka huelo a me ke kihi alakaʻi o ka ʻēheu me nā wili keʻokeʻo.
Nuku ka manu, "mau aniani" a puni nā maka a me nā wāwae he melemele. Ke noho mālie nei ʻo Maina, e hopu ana i nā panalāʻau hou. Ua hui mākou i ka manu ma Kazakhstan a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe ma Central Asia. Ua hoʻohanohano ka talena hoʻomakeʻaka iā myna i nā wahi kaiāulu, a ua hoʻomaka nā mea he nui e mālama i nā starling i ko lākou wahi home. Hāpai ka leʻaleʻa manu a me ka nohona kaiāulu i ka hoʻolaha hou ʻana o ka starling India.
ʻO Starling a myna paha
Starfish Buffalo (kauō). ʻAno ʻeleʻele nā manu noho ʻApelika me ka huelo peʻahi fan. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kēia mau starling e ko lākou mau maka ʻalani a me ka nuku nuku ʻula. ʻO lākou nā ʻāpana irreplaceable no nā holoholona hihiu a me nā holoholona.
Noho nā manu ma nā kino o nā bufalo, rhino, antelope a me nā kamaʻāina ʻehā ʻē aʻe a ʻohiʻohi i nā tikika, nā lele, nā gadflies a me nā parasite ʻē aʻe i ʻeli i ka ʻili a noho i ka hulu o nā holoholona.
Ninaninau ʻia nā kino e like me nā pahu lāʻau ʻūlū, e kau ana i luna o ko lākou ʻōpū a i ʻole ke kolo nei i loko o nā pā paʻa i ke kino. Hōʻike ʻole nā holoholona i ke kūpaʻa ʻana, ʻike i ka pecking o nā manu e pōmaikaʻi wale lākou.
Nā ʻōniu ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Nā mokupuni Endemik i Indonesia, nā kamaʻāina savannah. ʻO nā lunamaka'āinana i helu ʻia i loko o ka puke ʻulaʻula ma muli o ka luku ʻia o kānaka. Ua hopu ʻia nā starling ʻēheu ʻeleʻele no ke kūʻai aku no ka mālama ʻana i ka home, a laila hoʻopau i ka heluna kanaka i ke kūlohelohe.
ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻokoʻa o ka manu he mea maʻamau: ʻo ka plumage keʻokeʻo o ke kino a me ke poʻo e hui pū ʻia me nā ʻeheu ʻeleʻele a me ka huelo. Aia ma ke poʻo o kahi poʻo hulu liʻiliʻi. Pākuʻi ka ʻili melemele i nā maka, nā wāwae a me ka nuku ka like. Noho mau ia ma nā wahi hānai no nā holoholona, nā ʻāina mahiʻai, a mālama ʻole i kahi noho kanaka. I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hana ia i nā lele nomadic.
I kēia manawa, mālama ʻia ka manu i nā wahi pale o nā mālama, kahi e hōʻole ʻole ai nā starling e hōʻaiʻē i nā hale manu manu i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no ka pūnana ʻana. Akā heʻuʻuku loa kā lākou helu.
Meaʻai kūpono
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Skvortsov he mau manu omnivorous, i ka papaʻai a nā mea kanu a me nā meaʻai holoholona. ʻO nā meaola aʻe ke kumu o nā protein no nā manu:
- nahenahe;
- ʻenuhe;
- larva ʻelima;
- butterflies;
- ʻenuhe honua;
- ʻūhini;
- punawelewele;
- symphiles.
I ka pūnāwai, ma hope koke o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hau, ʻike nā starling i ka meaʻai ma nā pā i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, i nā wahi hoʻoilo o nā insect i hūnā ʻia - i nā māwae i ka ʻili lāʻau. Me ka hoʻomehana, hoʻomaka ka ʻimi no nā arthropods a me nā ilo.
I nā meaʻai mea kanu, makemake nā starling i nā hua a me nā hua. Nui mau nā manu i loko o ka ʻāpala a me nā māla cherry, ʻaʻole lākou e hāʻawi i nā plum pala a me nā pears.
He mea hoihoi ka manu e wehe i ka ʻili paʻakikī a i ʻole ka pū o nā nati e like me nā kānāwai a pau o ka physics - kuʻi lākou i kahi puka liʻiliʻi, hoʻokomo i ka nuku a wehe i nā hua e like me ka lula o ka lever e kiʻi i nā ʻike. Ma waho o nā hua momona, hoʻohana nā starling i nā ʻano mea kanu a me nā mea kanu palaoa.
Hiki i nā starling ke hoʻopōʻino i ka mahiʻai inā hoʻomaka nā hipa nui e hoʻomalu i ka māla. He kūpono kūpono nā ʻelele o ka puna no ke kanu ʻana, akā lilo nā kolamu o nā manu i mea hoʻoweliweli i nā mea kanu e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Wehe ke kau moʻo i ka wā mua o ka puna no nā manu noho, hoʻomaka nā manu neʻe i ka male ʻana ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana i ka home. Aia ka lōʻihi o ka pūnana i nā ʻano kau, ka lako o ka meaʻai. I kekahi mau wahi, hoʻomoe nā manu i nā hua i ʻekolu mau manawa i kēlā me kēia kau ma muli o ka starling polygyny.
Nā pīpī ʻōniu
ʻ nestnana manu lele hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka hollow kahiko, nā hale ma mua o nā manu nui - nā herona, nā aeto keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Noho ʻia nā hale manu manu i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. Kāhea ʻia ka wahine e ke mele kūikawā.
Hoʻokumu kekahi mau Starling i mau pālua i ke kau, e mālama nei i nā mea i wae ʻia i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Hana nā mākua ʻelua i ka hana. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hulu, nā lālā, ka hulu hipa, nā lau, nā aʻa i mea moena.
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia paʻa nā hua manu polū 4-7. Hoʻokū ʻia ka hoʻouluulu ʻana he 12-13 mau lā. Hoʻololi ke kāne i ka wahine i kēia manawa. Mālama pono ʻia ka wahi lūlū i loko o ka radius o 10 mau mika. ʻIke mamao ʻia ka meaʻai mai kahi o ka incubation - ma ke kahakai o nā waihona wai, ma nā wahi lehulehu, nā māla mea kanu, nā māla.
Ke kau nei ʻo Starling i ka pūnana
ʻAno hāmau ka puka ʻana o nā moa, hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo e pili ana i nā pua e nā pūpū i hoʻolei ʻia i ka honua. No ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki hānau hou, lele aku nā mākua ʻelua no ka meaʻai. I nā lā mua o ke ola, ʻai nā moa i nā meaʻai palupalu, ma hope ua hoʻololi lākou i nā kolo paʻakikī.
Hoʻomohala nā moa ulu i ka pūnana no 21 mau lā, a laila hoʻomaka lākou e loaʻa ke kūʻokoʻa, hele hewa i nā hipa liʻiliʻi. Inā ʻalihi hihi ʻaʻole wikiwiki e ulu aʻe, hoʻowalewale nā mākua iā ia mai ka pūnana me ka meaʻai.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻo ke ola o ka starling ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi e mau ana i 12 mau makahiki. Ua kākau nā ʻepekema Lūkini i kēia. I kahi home mālama maikaʻi, ola ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā manu.
Hānau ka hapa nui i nā starling a maʻalahi e hoʻomalu i nā manu e nalo ka makaʻu i ke kanaka. Lawe lākou i ka meaʻai mai ko lākou mau lima, noho ma luna o ko lākou poʻohiwi, nānā i nā mea e hana nei kokoke i kahi kanaka. Pīlī maʻalahi nā kamaʻilio i ke kamaʻilio ʻana i nā leo o ke kanaka, kope i nā leo ʻē aʻe.
Manaʻo nā kiaʻi manu ʻo ka leo ʻōiwi o ka starling kahi ʻōhiu huki ʻia, ʻoi a nui hoʻi. Aloha ʻia nā holoholona no ko lākou ʻano maikaʻi a me ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana. Pāʻani nā Fidgets, hoihoi, hana i kahi ʻano maikaʻi me kā lākou mau ʻahamele parody.
