ʻAʻole nui ka penikala Crimean i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā penikala Balkan, Iberian a me Kamchatka. Akā he ʻano hoihoi loa kona ma muli o kona kūlana ʻāina kū hoʻokahi. Aia ʻo Crimea ma kahi o ka mamao like mai ka North Pole a me ka equator. He ʻāina paʻakikī kona a me ke aniau hui.
No laila, ke kuʻi nei ka iʻa o ka peninsula i kona ʻano maoli. Ma muli o kahi kaʻawale mai nā panalāʻau e pili kokoke ana, kaulana ia no nā holoholona endemik (ma loko wale nō o kēia wahi noho). Inā ʻoe e nānā i ka peninsula mai kahi kiʻekiʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi manu e lele ana me kahi nui o ka manaʻo. A ʻaʻole makehewa, no ka mea, hoʻokau ka ʻāina momona i 336 mau ʻano manu, a nā ʻepekema i mahele ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana.
- - pūnana manu o Crimea... He mahele nui kēia, e hoʻopili ana ma kahi o 60% o nā manu āpau. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea me nā sedentary a me nā neʻe ʻana. I ka lakio helu, ʻaneʻane like lākou e puʻunaue ʻia.
- - nā manu pūnana ʻole. Hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia mau mea a i ʻole nā manu lele a lele paha, ʻo ko lākou helu ma kahi o 30% o ka huina. Ke hele nei ʻo Crimea i ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻano manu he nui, hauʻoli lākou i ka kū ʻana e hoʻomaha "i ka hōkele". Nā manu neʻe o Crimea pōmaikaʻi nui lākou i ka luku loa ʻana i nā mea kolo weliweli, e kū nei no ka hoʻomaha. ʻAʻole kū mau nā manu kūloko i kēia hana.
- — manu hoʻoilo o Crimea... Aia ma kahi o 10% wale nō o lākou, ma kahi o 17 mau ʻano, e like me kanahā, nā ululāʻau, nā lūlū, nā waxwings, nā manu ʻio, nā puaʻa, nā ʻāpā hina. I ka nahele hoʻoilo, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā pueo a me nā pueo pepeiao lōʻihi.
ʻO ka peninsula ka home o nā manu like ʻole
ʻO nā ʻano manu like ʻole, he kākaʻikahi nā ʻano 90, helu nui ʻia i ka puke Red. E hoʻomaka mākou e launa iki me nā manu o nā kuahiwi, nā awāwa, nā steppes o Crimea. He papa inoa lōʻihi kēia, me nā dossiers pōkole ma kekahi mau lunamakaʻāinana.
ʻO ka mea mua, e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ʻelua mau endemics o Crimea - ka manu ʻeleʻele a me ka manu lele griffon. Hiki iā lākou ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he endemics, ʻoiai ua ola nā heluna lehulehu i ka peninsula.
- ʻUltureiwi Griffon... ʻO kahi manu manu nui, me kahi ʻēheu o a i 2.7 m. ʻO ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 1 m. He poʻo liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi kāna i uhi ʻia i ka fluff keʻokeʻo. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ke kala o nā kāne a me nā wahine - ʻeleʻele ka plumage ma ke kua a melemele i ka ʻōpū.
He kaumaha ia no ka hāpai ʻana mai ka ʻili o ka honua, no laila makemake ka ʻaeto e hemo mai kahi kumulāʻau a puʻu paha. ʻAi wale ia i ka make. ʻAʻohe ʻo ia e walaʻau, ʻoiai ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he "kamaʻilio" i waena o nā hoahānau ʻē aʻe.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka manu lele griffon
Ma hope o ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka leo o ka moʻo, maopopo koke ke kumu o kona kāhea ʻia ʻana
- Manu ʻeleʻele... ʻOiai ka wehewehe ʻana o "ʻeleʻele", ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ia i ke kala. ʻO kahi lunamakaainana nui o nā manu, lōʻihi a 1 m, ʻūheu a i 1.8 m, ke kaumaha 7-12 kg. Kāhea pinepine ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "mōneka ʻumiʻumi" ma muli o ka ʻeleʻele o nā hulu ma lalo o kona nuku a ma kona ʻāʻī (ʻaʻole e huikau ʻia me ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi, ʻo kekahi o nā manu keu loa o ka honua).
He kihi ko ka ʻāʻī, pelu i lalo ka nuku. Aia kekahi mau hulu ma ke poʻo, kahi ʻili bluish e hoʻomālamalama ʻia ma o lākou. Manu manu lūlū e ʻai i ke kino.
He manu nui ʻo Vulture me kahi nuku meli nui
Pākuʻi pū nā mea ʻino nui me:
- ʻAi ʻaheu-nahesa a mea ʻai pahū paha - kahi manu mai ka Red Book o Rusia. ʻOi aku kahi predator e makemake e hānai i nā moa me nā moʻo. ʻOiai ʻai nā mākua i nā ʻelua a me nā manu ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kala o nā wahine a me nā kāne he like - hina-ʻeleʻele i ka hope a ʻokoʻa i ka ʻōpū.
Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā "lede" ma mua o nā "kāne". ʻOkoʻa i kahi hana kūikawā o ka hānai ʻana i ka moa - ʻo ka ale ʻana i ka nahesa mai 10 mau minuke a i ka hapalua hola. A hoʻomaka wale me ke poʻo. Ke hoʻomaka nei me ka huelo, kuha aku lākou iā ia a hoʻomaka hou.
- ʻAeto ʻaeto... ʻO ka nui o kēia predator ma kahi o 90 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻēheu a hiki i 2.3 m. He koʻikoʻi a paʻakikī hoʻi ka laha. ʻO ka plumage he lanahu-ʻeleʻele i ke kala, me nā hiʻohiʻona uila laha ʻole, nā wahi a puni ka nuku a me nā meli ʻeleʻele meli e kū kūwī.
- Osprey. He nuku ʻoiʻoi a kui hoʻi i lalo. ʻO ke poʻo a me ka umauma ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo, nā ʻeheu a me hope e ʻeleʻele. E like me nā mea hōkū he nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka osprey mai nā manu manu ʻio ʻē aʻe e ka plumage māmā o ke poʻo a me nā paws
- ʻAeto ʻaeto... ʻOi aku ia kokoke i kahi hawk i ka nui, akā he ʻano ʻaeto kona i haʻi ʻia. He poʻohiwi ākea kona, lele i kahi laina pololei a me kahi hulu tarsus i nā manamana wāwae (hāmama i ka ʻāpana).
- Kahua kanu. Loaʻa i kēia ʻaeto i kēia inoa i ka kenekulia 19 wale nō. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ʻo ia ma kahi o nā kanu kupapaʻu a me nā mausoleum, e noho weliweli ana ma luna o kahi kumulāʻau. Aia kekahi manaʻoʻiʻo kanu ʻo ia i kona ʻohana. ʻO kahi manu nui, e like me ka ʻaeto gula, me kahi plumage variegated a me kahi huelo lōʻihi a pololei.
- Aeto huelo keʻokeʻo... He manu nui a nani o nā mea pio. Hoʻohanohano ʻia e nā hulu huelo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me kahi nuku melemele ʻano nui.
- Aeto gula. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka nui o nā ʻaeto. Ua piʻi kona nui i 95 knm, a ʻo kona ʻēheu a hiki i ka 2.4 m. ʻO ke kaumaha a hiki i 6.5 kg. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka moʻo haʻaheo a koʻikoʻi o ka ʻaetoeto gula no nā kiʻi ma nā pale o nā lima, nā mekala a me nā lepe. ʻOkoʻa i ka maka maka.
- ʻAiwi... ʻO kahi manu pōhaku e makemake e noho i nā hui liʻiliʻi. ʻAi ʻo ia i nā mea āpau, ʻo nā mea ʻai a me nā huaʻai. Kūleʻa ka hoʻouka ʻāina. I waho, he mea e like me kahi moa hina keʻokeʻo nui loa, ʻo ke poʻo wale nō me ka nuku e kumakaia ai i kahi predator.
Nui nā hulu ma ke poʻo, ua uhi ʻia ka hapa nui me ka ʻili melemele, ʻo ka nuku ka malu like. ʻO nā hulu kakaikahi ma ke kua o ke poʻo i kahi hiʻohiʻona kolohe pinepine ʻole.
- Balaban. He mea ʻaihue kēia mai ka ʻohana falcon. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua kapa ʻia ia he falcon hopu holoholona. Ke hāʻule mau nei ka helu ma muli o ka smuggling a me nā loli i nā wahi maoli.
Ke emi nei ka helu o ka falal balaban i kēlā me kēia makahiki
- ʻO Peregrine Falcon. Ka ʻaihue hulu wikiwiki loa. Ka nui o kahi moa nui. Pena ʻia ka hulu me nā nalu ʻeleʻele hina. Mālamalama ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma, nā wahi melemele iki aʻe ma ka nuku ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻele nā maka, hoʻopuni ʻia e ka palena o ka ʻeleʻele, no laila nānā lākou i ʻōhū.
ʻO ka Falcon peregrine wikiwiki loa
- Pueo... Mea ʻaihue nui i ka pō. Hiki ke kuhihewa kona lole no nā hōkele lace hotele me nā nalu. ʻO ka manu he exotic a kaulana loa hoʻi - nā maka amber āpau a me nā "pepeiao" - nā wahi protruding o nā hulu ma luna o nā maka. Eia nō naʻe, hiki koke iā mākou ke ʻike iā ia wale nō i ka album "Nā Manu o Crimea i ke kiʻi". Hoʻohanohano nui ʻia ia ma waena o nā taxidermists ma ke ʻano he souvenir exotic.
ʻO nā manu o "lele kiʻekiʻe" a i ʻole nā kamaʻāina mauna o ka Crimea e hōʻike ʻia e nā manu aʻe:
- ʻO ka wikiwiki keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. ʻOiai kona liʻiliʻi - lōʻihi a 23 cm, ʻēheu a i 59 cm, hiki i kēia lele lele ke noho i ka lewa no ʻeono mau mahina me ka pae ʻole. ʻOi aku kona kino a ākea, brown-hina ma luna a keʻokeʻo ma ka umauma. ʻAi pololei ia i ka lele, ma nā kolo āpau i ʻike ʻia ma ke ala. Hoʻomoʻa lākou i nā kolone i nā pōhaku.
ʻAʻole ʻike iki ʻoe i kahi wikiwiki ke noho nei ke poʻo keʻokeʻo, hānai pū ka manu i ka mea i hopu ʻia i ka lewa
- Paukū hina... He manu ʻimi holoholona me ka plumage hina hina hina. ʻIke ʻia nā kaha ʻulaʻula ma nā ʻaoʻao a me ka huelo. ʻO ke poʻo kokoke i ka nuku ʻulaʻula hoʻi. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona sedentary, hiki ʻole ke hoʻomanawanui i nā lele lōʻihi.
- Spush Pōhaku Spotted. ʻO kahi manu kakaikahi, hoʻonohonoho mau ia i nā pālua a i ʻole nā hui liʻiliʻi i nā pali.
- Puʻu mauna... ʻO kahi manu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, me nā kaha ʻeleʻele i ke kua a me ka ʻalani ʻalani ahinahina. ʻOi aku ka nani o ke kala o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.
- ʻO Wagtail. ʻO kāna ponytail lōʻihi a pololei hoʻi ke ʻano o ka haʻalulu, a nona ka inoa i kapa ʻia ai. He ʻōpū melemele keʻokeʻo ko ka wagtail mauna me nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻaoʻao. Hoʻohui ʻia, kāhiko ʻia ka moena o ke kāne e ka ʻāʻī ʻeleʻele.
He kipa pinepine ka wagtail i nā alanui Crimean
- ʻO ka malihini o Crimea - akahai a akamai ʻāpana ʻāpana a i ʻole ʻāpana pōhaku... ʻO ke kino ʻāpana beige-pink. Nā ʻēheu me nā kaha, ma luna o nā maka a puni ke kola - kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ʻokoʻa i ke ʻano o ka lei-mask. ʻUlaʻula ka nuku, pololoi ka huelo, lōʻihi ka lōʻihi.
Kāhea ʻia ka pā o ka pali mua o nā mauna Crimean yalami... Nui nā wahi pōhaku ma aneʻi, ʻoi aku ke koʻikoʻi o ke aniau ma mua o nā wahi haʻahaʻa. Ua koho ʻia ia mau ʻāpana no lākou iho.
- Kapuahi maʻamau - kahi manu liʻiliʻi mai kaʻohana lele lele. ʻO nā kāhiko nuptial o ke kāne e hoʻonaninani ʻia me kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ma o nā maka, i hoʻopili ʻia me nā kihi keʻokeʻo
I ke kiʻi, he kāne a me kahi wahine wheatear
- Lio kahua... ʻO kahi manu nānā nondescript mai ka ʻohana wagtail. He helehelena camouflage ka plumage - hina-beige-motley. I ka wā o kēia lele, ke mele nei ia i kahi mele kani.
- Lineta a repol paha... I ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana, kāhiko ʻia ke kāne me ka hulu ʻulaʻula ma ka umauma, ka lei aliʻi a me ka lae. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka wahine ke nānā aku. Hilahila loa lākou a manu ʻāhiu o Crimea... Mālama pinepine ʻia lākou ma ka home no nā mele nani, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ko lākou ʻano hoʻomaha ʻole loa, kuʻi i nā ʻauamo o ka pā, a haʻalulu hoʻi mai nā neʻe ʻana o ke kanaka a holoholona paha.
He ʻulaʻula ka umauma o ke kāne Linnet
- Pāka māla - hoʻokahi mele mele hou o ka Crimea. ʻAʻole ia i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kahi manu liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino a me ka huelo a ʻokoʻa hoʻi i ke kala. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kāne kāne ma mua o ka wahine a hīmeni nui aku. Lohe pinepine ʻia nā roulade pono ʻole i ka wā mowing i ka wā o ka lele ʻana.
- Kestrel... Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka inoa o kēia lunamakaʻāinana o ka falcon mai ka huaʻōlelo "hakahaka" a i ʻole "kūpono ʻole no ka huli holoholona." Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he manu ʻimi holoholona. Akā, ʻo ka hiki ke nānā i waho no ka mea pio ma kahi ākea - "e ʻai" - i hoʻololi ʻia i "pastel", a laila i loko o kahi kestrel.
Noho nā manu aʻe ma nā kumulāʻau ulu o ka Main Ridge:
- ʻO Woodpecker Kino Maʻalahi... ʻO ke ʻano o ka nahele, kahi manu nui no kona ʻohana, ka nui o ka piʻo. He plumage ʻulaʻula kona i kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo hoʻi. Ma ke kua o ke poʻo a ma lalo o ka ʻōpū, e like me ka mau, ʻike ʻia nā wahi ʻulaʻula ("ka pāpale a me ka buckle o ka cardinal").
- Nuthatch... Neʻe ʻo Dexterous ma ka lāʻau, me he mea lā e kolo ana, i kekahi manawa i lalo ke alo. Kāhea ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "coachman" no nā leo "tzi-it", e hoʻomanaʻo nei i ka ʻoki a nā "kaʻi mamao".
Holo maʻalahi ʻo Nuthatch ma ke kumu lāʻau a kū i luna i lalo
- Klest-elovik... ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻano ka nuku me nā ʻōlelo ʻolokeʻa. ʻO kahi peahi nui o nā hua spruce. ʻOi aku ka nui ma mua o kahi manu liʻiliʻi, ʻulaʻula nā kāne, ʻōmaʻomaʻo hina nā wahine me nā kiki melemele ma nā ʻēheu.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka nuku o ke kuea i kipaku maʻalahi ʻia nā hua mai nā ʻone
- Kinglet... ʻIke ka poʻe āpau he "melebird" kēia. Pololei ka nuku a lahilahi, loaʻa i kahi huelo kahi notch liʻiliʻi. I ka Crimea, aia kahi mōʻī poʻo melemele me ka plumage i nā leo melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me kahi pāpale gula-melemele ma ka lei o ke poʻo.
- Wren a nut paha... ʻO kahi manu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a pōuliuli hoʻi, a i 10 cm ka nui. ʻAneʻane hapalua o ka nui o kahi manu liʻiliʻi. Akā hīmeni ʻo ia me ka leo nui a me ka nani, me nā ʻano like ʻole.
- Zaryanka. Lunamakaʻāinana ʻo Flycatcher. Ua kāhea lākou iā ia no kāna umauma ʻalani ʻalani. ʻO ke koena o ka plumage he hina ʻoliva. Ke kani nei ke mele o ka robin, iridescent a melodic loa. Hoʻomaka i ke kakahiaka nui a pau i ka wā ahiahi.
- Pueo Tawny hōʻike i nā mea ʻaihue nahele. Hiki iā ia ke makaʻu me kāna kau ʻana a kokoke i ke "alo" o ke kanaka. ʻO ka pueo "inedible", ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia kēia manu no ka meaʻai. ʻLelo lākou i waena o nā Slav kahiko, ua manaʻo ʻia he palekana ʻole ke launa pū me ia, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka make ʻana iā ia. Ua ʻike ka nui he ʻuhane nahele iā ia. ʻO ka predator iā ia iho e huli i ka poʻe āpau ma mua ona.
ʻImi nā Sparrowhawks a me nā goshawks i ka ulu lāʻau i ka lā. Ma waena o nā manu ʻimi holoholona i loko o nā ululāʻau, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka lāʻau lāʻau lāʻau a me ka ʻāpana one ʻeleʻele.
- ʻO Woodcock. ʻO kahi manu hanohano i ka pō, aloha nui ʻia e ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona no kona ʻano akahai a me ka nui nui. I ka wā kahiko ma Rukia ua kapa ʻia ʻo "hog sandpiper" no kāna kumukānāwai paʻa a me ka ʻiʻo momona.
- Kulik-ʻeleʻele i ka nui kokoke i ka starling. Pena ʻia i nā leo kala ʻeleʻele me nā kiko keʻokeʻo. Kāhea ʻia pinepine ʻia he "huelo keʻokeʻo" ma muli o kāna huelo uila. Makemake i nā ululāʻau ulu lāʻau coniferous.
- Lio ulu lāʻau - kahi manu liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka nui o kahi manu liʻiliʻi.
- Kaha ʻino-Thrush - manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka nui loa o kona ʻano, ke nānā aku e like me kahi thrush mele.
- Raven - "hanohano" i waena o nā manu nahele, nui ʻo ia, ikaika a lele maikaʻi.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka laulā nui loa ma nā ulu lāʻau o nā awāwa a me nā kahawai o nā kahawai. ʻO nā ʻāpala, nā lio ulu lāʻau, nā lūlū, nā lele lele, nā warblers, nā ʻūlū, nā ʻulaʻula e noho ai ma laila. A ʻo nā rook hoʻi, nā starling, nā Rollers, nā manu kuhukukū, nā ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula.
ʻAʻole waiwai nui nā steppes Crimean i nā ʻano manu like ʻole. Noho ka makahiki āpau i ka steppe:
- ʻO Bustard... Manu nui, mea huli holoholona kaulana. ʻAneʻane kona nui i ka nui o kahi kuhukukū. Holo wikiwiki ʻo ia i ka honua, a ʻano ʻē, lele nani.
- Quail. Ua ʻike ka poʻe āpau i ka waiwai o nā hua manu ʻulu a he nui ka poʻe i heluhelu i ka mōʻī ʻana o nā quail ma ke ahi ma mua. He ʻono a momona hoʻi kā lākou e like me ka moa. No kona ʻano lapuwale, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā quail ma ke ʻano he komo i nā hakakā manu. Eia nō naʻe, nui ka poʻe e waiho ia mea ma ka home e like me kahi melebird.
- ʻO Bustard... Pili i ka ʻohana bustard. Ka nui o kahi moa. Lele koke ʻo ia mai ka honua aku, e lele ana i kona mau ʻeheu a me kona kino holoʻokoʻa, me he mea lā e lele ana i ka lele. Mai ka ʻaoʻao ke ʻano ke kau nei ʻo ia i kahi, ʻoiai ʻo ia e neʻe me ka wikiwiki.
Nui manu ʻeleʻele o Crimea manaʻo ʻia he palupalu loa. ʻO kahi laʻana, sandpiper-tirkusha, sandpiper-avdotka a me ka bustard liʻiliʻi i ʻōlelo ʻia.
ʻO nā kāʻei nahele steppe kahiko i noho ʻia: shrike (shrike a me nā maka ʻeleʻele), bunting, greenfinch, nightjar, manu kuhukukū, ʻololī. Hoʻohui ʻia, ma laila ʻoe e ʻike ai i ka mele mele "mele ʻole" a me ka murie. A ma nā kapakai o nā waihona wai, cormorants, ʻaila kākela, luʻu, pale, gull, swan swans, terns a me nā herons e noho nei i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa.
A i ka hopena, he nui nā manu e noho ana i nā pā ulu lāʻau a me ke kūlanakauhale, kokoke i nā kānaka - ma kahi o 22 mau ʻano. I waena o lākou, ʻo ia nō, he mau ʻelala, jackdaws, goldfinches, rooks, linnet, finches, i ka puna songbirds o Crimea hoʻopiha hou ʻia me nā nightingales.
