ʻO nā honu nā holoholona relic. Ua hele mai lākou iā mākou mai ka wā kahiko mai aneane loli, a ke hana nei lākou i hoʻokahi o nā ʻehā o nā mea kolo. Hōʻike nā koena o kēia mau moʻo kolo kope i kū lākou ma kahi o 220 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
ʻO kekahi paha o nā dinosau ko lākou kūpuna. Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano honu. Ua nalowale kekahi mai ke alo o ka Honua, hiki ke loaʻa mau kekahi ma kā mākou honua. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i nā hui ʻauhau ʻokoʻa, mai nā suborder a i nā subspecies.
Hiki ke koho ʻia kekahi mau lunamakaainana no ka mālama ʻana i ka hale, hiki i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ke kū i ke ʻano maoli, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou i manaʻo nui ʻia no ka hale. E hoʻāʻo e luʻu i loko o ka honua honu kupaianaha a hoʻokele i ko lākou ʻano like ʻole. E hana ai i kēia, pono ʻoe e hōʻike i kekahi ʻano honu.
Lāʻano honu
I kēia manawa, aia ma kahi o 328 mau ʻano o nā mea kolo, he 14 mau ʻohana lākou. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka nui o nā kuhukukū ke kū ʻana o kahi pūpū i loko o kahi carapace (pale pale) a me kahi plastron (pale pale ʻōpū), kahi pili pili ʻoniʻoni. Paʻa paʻakikī kēia mau pale, pale paʻa lākou a pale pono i ka mea kolo mai nā ʻenemi a me nā pilikia i manaʻo ʻole ʻia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ka inoa ponoʻī "honu" e wehewehe iā mākou he ʻano ʻokoʻa ka holoholona i ka helehelena - like kona pūpū me he crock (ʻo ia hoʻi ka inoa Slavic) a i ʻole nā kile (e like me ka inoa Latina "testudo"). Hōʻailona honu ʻaʻole wale e hōʻoia i kona inoa, akā hōʻoia pū nō hoʻi ʻo ia ka pūpū nāna i kōkua iā ia e ola a ola i hiki ai iā mākou mai nā wā prehistoric mamao loa.
Hiki i nā honu a pau ke mahele ʻia i nā hui 2 e like me ke ʻano o ka uhi ʻana i ko lākou poʻo i kahi pū.
- ʻĀʻī huna pelu ka ʻāʻī, pelu iā ia me ka leka S.
- ʻĀʻī ʻaoʻao hūnā iki i ke poʻo i kekahi ʻaoʻao, kokoke i nā lālā mua.
ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka mahele aʻe e like me ka nohona.
- Kai kai manu kuhukukū - koho i nā wai o nā moana no ke ola.
- Kahakuloa manu kuhukukū - noho ma ka ʻāina, a hiki pū lākou ke māhele ʻia i:
- Āina - ka poʻe makemake e noho ma ka honua paʻa;
- wai hou - noho lākou i nā kino wai hou: nā kahawai, nāʻauwai a me nā poho.
I kēia manawa ua kamaʻilio pōkole mākou me nā hui maʻamau, e hoʻāʻo mākou e hoʻomaopopo iā lākou i ke kikoʻī a ʻike inoa inoa honu.
Nā ʻano o nā honu kai
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kamaʻāina o ke kai ma mua o ko lākou ʻohana ʻāina. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o lākou i nā tropic a ʻoi aku ka ʻoluʻolu i ka wai mehana. I nā latitu ʻākau o ka anu, he kākaʻikahi loa lākou. Wahi a nā ʻepekema i hoʻopaʻa i ke koena o nā mōʻalihaku, ʻaʻole i loli iki i nā makahiki he mau miliona.
Ua hoʻomohala pono lākou i nā wāwae mua, a lākou e hoʻohana ai i nā mea ʻili. ʻAʻole hiki i nā wāwae Hind ke kōkua iā lākou e ʻauʻau. ʻAʻole hoʻi i haʻalele ko lākou mau lālā i ka pūpū. Ma ke ala, ʻaʻohe iwi o nā mea kolo o ke kai i ka iwi, e laʻa me ka honu leatherback. I ka mea wai, he maʻalahi loa lākou, a hoʻomohala lākou i kahi wikiwiki kūikawā, dexterous loa a hoʻokele maikaʻi i ke kai.
Ka mea kaulana loa ʻano manu kuhukukū:
1. Honu manu kuhukukū. ʻO nā ʻano i koe wale nō o ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻonohonoho honu, ʻo ka nui o kēia mau mea i hiki i 2.6 m.ʻO ko lākou kaumaha i 900 kg, omnivorous lākou. Eia kekahi, ua manaʻo ʻia lākou ka ākea ākea o nā vertebrates āpau ma ka Honua. Hiki i kēia mau "ʻūlū" ke nahu ke ʻike ʻia, ikaika loa lākou a hiki iā lākou ke haki i nā iwi iwi.
ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻouka i kahi kanaka, akā hōʻike i ka huhū inā huhū nui ʻia lākou. Ua haʻi ʻia kahi hihia i ka wā i kū mai ai kahi honu nui i kahi moku lawaiʻa liʻiliʻi a hoʻohuli ʻia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana e alualu ana kahi manō iā ia no kekahi manawa lōʻihi. Maliʻa paha, aia nō ka poʻe lawaiʻa ma ke ala o ka hoʻi hope, a lawe ʻo ia iā lākou no kahi hoʻoweliweli.
2. Honu kai hupa ʻōmaʻomaʻo... ʻIke maʻamau i ka latitude Pākīpika tropical a me ʻAtelanika. Kūlike ʻole i ka inoa, ʻaʻole ko lākou kala i ʻōmaʻomaʻo wale nō, akā i ka kokoleka me nā hahau a me nā kiko o ke kala o ka hua manu. Noho ko Juveniles i ko lākou ola ma ke kai kiʻekiʻe e ʻimi iʻa iʻa a me nā mea kai ʻē aʻe. I ka ʻelemakule, neʻe lākou i ka ʻāina a lilo i mau lāʻau ulu.
3. Honu kai loggerhead (caretta wahaheʻe), a i ʻole loggerheads... Ulu lākou i ka nui o 95 cm, ʻo ke kaupaona ʻana ma kahi o 200 kg. Hoʻohālike ʻo Carapax i ka puʻuwai nui i ke ʻano, ke kofe palupalu, terracotta a i ʻole pistachio. ʻO ka pale o lalo ka cream a melemele paha. Hoʻolako ʻia nā forelimbs-flippers i kekahi mau māiʻuʻu ʻelua.
Nui ke poʻo, kāhiko ʻia me nā pā pale kaua ʻike ʻia. Noho ia i loko o ke kāʻei kai subtropical mehana o ka Honua, no ka pūnana ʻana e hoʻonui iki ia i kona wahi noho, e kiʻi ana i nā wahi me kahi aniau akahai. ʻIke ʻia ka heluna nui loa ma ke Kai ʻAlapia ma kahi mokupuni i kapa ʻia ʻo Masira.
4. Manu kuhukukū Bissa (hānai maoli)... ʻO kahi mea e like me nā kuhukukū ʻōmaʻomaʻo, haʻahaʻa wale nō iā lākou i ka nui. Aia ko lākou wahi noho ma waena o nā wahi wela o ka ʻĀkau a me ka hemispheres Hema. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻike ʻia ma waho o nā ʻāina huluhulu o Pelekane Nui, nā kapakai pōhaku o Sekotia, ma ka hikina, loaʻa lākou i ke kai o Iapana, ua ʻike ʻia lākou i ka moku o ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻApelika, kokoke i Tasmania a me Nūhōlani.
Noho lākou i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa i ke kai, a hele i uka wale nō no ka hānau ʻana. Hoʻokahi manawa kēlā mau manawa i kēlā me kēia ma kahi o ʻekolu mau makahiki, a hana lākou i nā neʻe lōʻihi e ʻauʻau ai i ko lākou wahi ʻōiwi. ʻIke hou ʻia i kekahi manawa ua hoʻomālamalama lākou i ka wai (prone to fluorescence).
5. Manu kuhukukū Olive a i ʻole Nā honu Ridley... He poʻe aloha lākou i nā latitude mahana, a ʻaʻole lākou e haʻalele i ke kai i ko lākou ola a pau. Kupaianaha loa ko lākou wā hānau. Hoʻomoe lākou i nā hua i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki i ka manawa like, ma ka lā like a pau, a ma kahi like. ʻĀkoakoa lākou āpau i ke kai ma kēia lā hoʻokahi, e hōʻike ana i kahi hui nui.
Kāhea ka poʻe ʻōiwi i kēia hanana ke "hoʻouka honu". Kanu pono kēlā me kēia mākua i kā lākou mau hua, nā pale maka, hoʻomālielie i ka ʻili, hoʻāʻo e like me ka hiki i ʻike ʻole ʻia ka pūnaewele masonry. A laila, me kahi ʻuhane mālie, haʻalele ʻo ia no ke kai ākea. A noho nā hua i loko o ke one a hoʻomaka ke pēpē mai hatch mai iā lākou.
Nui nā hua, akā he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ko nā pēpē. Holo koke nā kuhukukū liʻiliʻi i ka wai, a ma ke ala ke kakali nei nā mea ʻino na lākou. Luʻu nā pēpē ola i ka wai mālama. A ma laila e kakali ai nā mea ʻānai o ke kai iā lākou. ʻO nā pēpē he haneli wale nō i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i koe. A malia paha hoʻokahi wale nō o ka haneli e ola a ʻeono mau mahina a hoʻi i ke kahakai like e waiho hua i kāna iho.
Nā ʻano o nā kuhukukū ʻāina
Alakaʻi kēia hui i ka helu o nā lunamakaʻāinana. Loaʻa iā ia he 37 mau ʻano o nā lunamakaʻāina a me 85 mau wai wai hou. Eia kekahi, hiki ke pili i kekahi mau ʻohana liʻiliʻi o 1-2 mau ʻano i nā mea kolo terestrial. Hoʻolahalaha nui lākou āpau, e noho ana i kahi i loko o ka tropical, subtropical a me nā kāʻei mahana o ka Honua.
ʻO ke kumu, hōʻike ʻia nā kuhukukū e nā lāʻau hihiu. ʻAi lākou i nā mea kanu mea kanu, me ia hiki ke loaʻa i ka hou hou. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i nā wahi noho he nui o kēia mau holoholona, aia kahi maʻa mau ke aniau.
Inā loaʻa kahi lōʻihi wela o ke kau maloʻo, hibernate nā mea kolo. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi metabolism lohi, ʻo ia ke kumu e hiki ai iā lākou ke noho no kahi manawa lōʻihi, e laʻa me 150 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha. E noʻonoʻo i nā ʻohana nui ʻelua - ka honu ʻāina a me ka honu.
Nā ʻano o nā kuhukukū ʻāina
He ʻano kiʻekiʻe ke ʻano o nā mea kolo, he leho liʻiliʻi, pālahalaha a pālahalaha. He mānoanoa ko lākou mau wāwae e like me nā kia. Ulu like nā manamana lima, hiki i nā māiʻuʻu liʻiliʻi ke neʻe ke kaʻawale.
Hoʻonani pinepine ʻia ko lākou mau ʻāpana e kū (ka ʻāʻī, ke poʻo a me nā wāwae) me nā unahi a me nā pale. ʻO ka nui o kēia mau holoholona ma kahi pae nui - mai ka liʻiliʻi loa, mai ka 12 cm ka lōʻihi, a i ka nui, ʻoi aku ma mua o 1.5 m ke anawaena. Noho nā ʻano nunui ma nā Galapagos, Seychelles a me kekahi mau mokupuni ʻē aʻe.
I ka ʻōlelo "lohi e like me ka honu" pili wale ia i nā mea kolo ʻāina. He palaualelo lākou a ʻaʻohe wikiwiki loa, mai hoʻāʻo e holo i kahi ʻenemi, peʻe wale lākou i ko lākou "hale". ʻO ke ʻano o ka pale a me ka makaʻu ke kaniʻuhū nei, e like me ka nahesa, a i ʻole ka urination hikiwawe, a ma muli o ka hiki i ka pūpū, volumous loa ia.
Ma ka liʻiliʻi makaʻu paha kekahi mau holoholona. Noho lākou i kahi manawa lōʻihi. ʻAi ʻia nā mea kanu o nā ʻano āpau, akā pono lākou i nā protein o nā holoholona, no laila i kekahi manawa e ale lākou i kahi mau ʻano ʻelala a i ʻole nā invertebrates. Hiki iā lākou ke hele me ka wai ʻole no ka manawa lōʻihi, lawa kā lākou wai kohu. Akā i kēlā mau wahi kahi momona, hoʻāʻo lākou e ʻona. E noʻonoʻo i ka mea aʻe lāhui honu ʻāina:
1. Manu kuhukū ʻelepani Galapagos. He pilikua maoli i waena o nā kuhukukū ʻāina, hiki aku kona nui i 1,8 m, a ʻo kona kaumaha a hiki i 400 kg. Hoʻohui ʻia, manaʻo ʻia ia he ate lōʻihi i ʻike ʻia ma waena o nā vertebrates. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ola ana a hiki i nā makahiki 170. Noho wale ia ma nā mokupuni nona ka inoa i hapai ʻia (endemik i nā Pae ʻo Galapagos).
Mālamalama ka carapace, a hiki i nā moshens lichens ke ulu ma luna o ia i loko o nā makahiki. Nui a wili nā wāwae, me ka ʻili maloʻo a me nā pale paʻakikī a me nā unahi. Hiki ke kuhi ʻia ka Carapace a me ke ʻano o ka noho lio. Aia ia i ka humuhū o ke aniau - ʻo ka nui o ka wai, ʻo ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pūpū.
ʻAi lākou i nā mea kanu, a ʻona pinepine hoʻi no nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, no laila ʻaʻole koi ʻia kaʻiʻo no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka meaʻai. Ua hele mai kēia laha ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻāina mahiʻai, ke hoʻomaka nei ka hana e hoʻonui i ka helu.
2. Honu elastic... Loaʻa iā ia kahi pā pālahalaha a palupalu hoʻi i hana ʻia mai nā pā iwi lahilahi. No laila, inā pono, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia me ka hoʻohālikelike nui ʻia i nā ana maʻamau. ʻO nā hakahaka ma waena o nā pā e ʻae iā ʻoe e ʻike pehea e hanu ai ka honu. ʻO Kona ʻāina hānau ʻo Kenya Hema, noho nō ia ma Tanzania, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau hikina. Makemake i nā wāwae wāwae pōhaku.
3. Honu wahie... Loaʻa wale ma Kanada a me ka ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻano ulu ulu. ʻO ke kala o ka carapace "like me ka lāʻau": hina, nā ʻāpana i protruding he brown-hina, melemele ka pale o lalo. No laila ka inoa. Hōʻike lākou i ka huhū laha ʻole i ka wā hānau. ʻAʻole nā kāne e nahu ma ka hakakā wale nō, akā ʻo kāna ipo wahine hoʻi i koho ʻia, e hoʻāʻo nei e hopu i nā ʻāpana palupalu. I ka hoʻoilo hiamoe lākou. Hoʻohui ʻia ka meaʻai, omnivorous lākou. Hoʻonui lohi lākou, no laila nalowale lākou mai ke alo o ka Honua.
4. Honu Balkan... ʻO ka carapace maʻamau i 15-25 knm, kākaʻikahi ka 30 cm. ʻO ka pale o luna ka malu o ka kinamona me ka safron, me nā wahi lanahu ʻeleʻele. No ka poʻe ʻōpio, he ʻōniu kona o ka lā, ʻōlinolino loa, nalo i kona ʻōlinolino i nā makahiki a pouli. Hoʻohanohano ʻia lākou i ke alo o kahi kuamoʻo e like me ke konee ma ka piko o ka huelo.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lunamaka komohana ma mua o ka hikina i ka nui. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻo kā lākou wahi punahele ka European Mediterranean (ʻItalia, Romania, Bulgaria, kahi ʻāpana o Turkey a me Sepania, a me kekahi mau mokupuni i ke kai).
5. Honu Panther (a leopadi paha)... ʻO kona carapace he kiʻekiʻe, kihi, ka malu nui o ke one melemele; he ʻano pōʻeleʻele loa kā nā honu ʻōpio. I nā makahiki i hala, holoi ia. Noho i ʻApelika, mai Sudan a i ʻAitiopa. Herbivorous, akā hiki, i kekahi manawa, "hānai" i kahi ʻelala a i ʻole meaʻai protein ʻē aʻe.
6. Manu kuhukukū wāwae ʻeleʻele (shabuti), noho i nā ululāʻau tropical o ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO ka nui o ka pūpū i 60 cm, ʻo ke kala mai ke kukui a i ka brown brown. Māhina nā māhele o ka papahana. Alakaʻi i kahi nohona ulu lāʻau, pale i nā wahi ākea. Lohi, paʻakikī, lau nahele.
7. Ka honu poʻo melemele (ʻOiwi oblong). Noho ma ka ʻākau hikina ʻo India, Burma, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Kambodila, ka mokupuni ʻo Sulawesi a me ka Malacca Peninsula. Noho i nā ululāʻau maloʻo, nā wao akua. Ma nā scutes o ka carapace loaʻa nā kaha concentric, mai ke ʻoliva a i ke brown ka kala, melemele ke poʻo. Hōʻike ʻia ma kahi kuʻi leka Vietnam.
8. Honu wāwae ʻulaʻula (lānahu). ʻO kahi ʻano i aʻo maikaʻi ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka nui o kahi carapace kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 45 knm, i kekahi manawa a hiki i 70 knm. Ua pena ʻia ka lanahu-ʻeleʻele me nā kiko melemele a me nā alani, i kekahi manawa aia kēia mau kiko i waenakonu o nā tubercles. Aia kekahi lau o ka ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻalani ma nā ʻāpana o ke kino e kū ana. Aia kekahi mau ʻulaʻula ma hope o nā maka.
9. Honu kukuna... He pūpū ko lākou o ka nani laha ʻole - kiʻekiʻe loa ka carapace, kūʻē i kahi kāʻei pouli, nā ʻano geometric maʻamau o ka melemele i ke ʻano o nā kukuna. Ke nānā aku nei e like me ke kāhiko gula ma ka ʻili ʻeleʻele. Noho ma Madagascar. Herbivorous, akā ʻaʻole hōʻole i ka meaʻai holoholona i kekahi manawa.
10. Manu kuhukukū Steppe a i ʻole Central ʻAsia... He lunamakaʻāinana i noho ma ka moku ʻo Central Asia. ʻAi ia i nā mea kanu, mauʻu, melon, hua, hua. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻopau i ka hānai holoholona. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi metabolism lohi, hiki i kēia ʻano ke koho iā lākou no nā mikiona noiʻi i ka lewa.
11. Manu kuhukukū (Caucasian, Greek) honu... I ke kūlohelohe, hōʻike ʻia ia ma kahi ʻāina nui. He 20 mau mea kōkua, i noho ma ka hema o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, ua kiʻi iki i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻApelika a noho paʻa loa i ka ʻĀina ʻEleʻele (Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan a me ke kapakai Lūkia o Caucasus).
ʻO ka lewa a mehana hoʻi kā lākou lewa punahele. Hiki i nā ʻano ke ʻokoʻa i ka nui, akā ma ka laulā ʻaʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma mua o 35 cm. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kala, i ka manawa pinepine he aka o ka melemele melemele me nā kiko brown. He tubercle ko lākou ma ka hope o nā ʻūhā. Ma nā wāwae mua, ʻike ʻia nā manamana wāwae he 5, ma nā wāwae o ka hope nā spurs.
12. Honu ʻAigupita... Kupa o ka Hikina Waena. Hoʻopili ʻia ka carapace melemele me ka lihi pouli. Heʻuʻuku loa lākou a paʻa hoʻi e pili ana i nā ʻano ma mua. ʻAʻole hiki i ka nui o kā lākou iwi i 12 cm.
Lāʻano honu wai hou
He ʻohana ākea loa lākou. Loaʻa iā ia he 31 genera a, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, 85 mau ʻano. Heʻuʻuku lākou i ka nui, me kahi kaʻa liʻiliʻi a puni a me ka oval carapace. Ke ʻauʻau nei kā lākou mau wāwae i nā mau membrane ma waena o nā manamana wāwae, kahi e kau ai nā māiʻu ʻoi loa.
Loaʻa iā lākou ka ʻili laumania ma ke poʻo o ke poʻo, aia nā pale a me nā unahi wale nō ma ke kua o ke poʻo. Pinepine lākou i ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka ʻokoʻa ke kala o ka pūpū a me nā wahi protruding o ke kino. Hoʻolahalaha nui lākou, noho lākou ma nā ʻāina āpau koe wale ʻo ʻAukekulia. Aia he ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ko lākou nohona.
No Asia Hikina ka mea mua. Ma kahi o 20 genera hiki ke noʻonoʻo i kēia ʻāina i ko lākou ʻāina hānau. No ʻAmelike ʻĀkau kahi lālā ʻē aʻe, mai kahi mai o 8 nā genera o kēia mau mea kolo. ʻO ke kumu, koho lākou i nā waihona wai me ke kūmau mālie kū ʻole.
Mākaʻa lākou i ka wai a wikiwiki i ka ʻāina. ʻO Omnivorous. Ua lilo kekahi o lākou i mau ʻāina, kahi i hoʻololi i ko lākou helehelena a me ke ʻano. Ma waena o nā mea kolo me ka ʻai huikau, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea kolo, aia kekahi mau mea ʻai ʻole.
Hōʻike mākou i kekahi laha o nā honu kai:
1. Manu kuhukukū palaho... Aia he 13 mau ʻōpana i ʻike ʻia o kēia mea kolo. Hiki iā Carapax a 35 cm i ka nui, kala poni, e kūlike i ke kaiapuni. ʻO ke kinona ma ke ʻano o ka oval, hoʻokiʻekiʻe iki ʻia, laumania ka ʻili. Melemele ka pā ʻōpū. Ua hoʻopuehu ʻia nā ʻōniʻomaʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ke kino a ma ka pūpū.
Loaʻa iā ia kahi huelo elongated loa, i nā honu makua kolohe a hiki i ¾ o ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻa, a i ka poʻe ʻōpio aneane like ia. Kaupaona ia a 1.5 kg. Aloha i nā waihona stagnant stagnant, a i ʻole me ke au lohi. Noho ʻo ia ma kahi o nā wahi a pau i ʻEulopa, no laila ka inoa. Eia hou, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike ia ma ka ʻākau o ka ʻAinapuni ʻApelika.
2. Honu manu pepeiao ʻulaʻula... Noho lākou i nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua me kahi aniau subtropical, koe wale ʻo Australia. Ma ʻEulopa, koho lākou i ke kikowaena a me ka hema, ma ʻApelika - ke kūkulu ʻākau, ma ʻAsia e noho lākou i ka hema a me ka hikina. Noho lākou i ʻAmelika Hema. Loaʻa iā ia kona inoa mai nā kiko ʻulaʻula elongated mai nā maka a i hope o ke poʻo.
ʻOiai kekahi ʻano manu kuhukukū pepeiao ʻulaʻula ʻokoʻa i nā kala ʻē aʻe o kēia mau kiko. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ka honu Cumberland, melemona lākou, i ka honu melemele belele, melemele lā lākou. He oval ko lākou carapace, ʻeleʻele i ke kala me ka lehu mauna mauna (melemele) a me ka palena ma ke kaʻe.
ʻO 18-30 knm kona nui, i ka poʻe ʻōpio ʻo ia ke kala o ka mauʻu mauʻu, ua ʻeleʻele i nā makahiki. ʻOkoʻa nā kāne mai nā hoaaloha wahine i ka huelo nui a ʻoi aku ka nui, a me ka nui o nā pā kui. Aia ma kahi o 15 mau ʻano manu kuhukukū pepeiao ʻulaʻula.
Hoihoi! Ma waena o nā kuhukukū pepeiao ʻulaʻula aia kekahi mau lunamakaʻāinana e noho ana ma UK, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo ʻo kēia kekahi o nā ʻano akau loa e pili ana i ka ʻāina.
ʻO kēia ʻohana o nā kuhukukū pepeiao ʻulaʻula kaʻu i ʻike ai ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Novorossiysk, Teritori ʻo Krasnodar.
3. Manu kuhukukū palupalu... Ua like lākou me nā moʻo malihini, kahi ʻano symbiosis ma waena o nā kānaka a me nā mea kolo. He pūpū palupalu ko lākou, akā ikaika nā niho a ikaika loa. ʻO ka weliweli loa o lākou ka honu Kandora ma Kina. ʻOiai e ʻimi holoholona ana, peʻe kēia peʻa i ke one, a laila lele lele loa a hopu i ka mea pio me nā niho ʻoi.
Pono e akahele pū kekahi kanaka me lākou, ʻoiai ʻano laha kēia mau mea kolo a manaʻo ʻia he mea make. ʻO nā ʻelele kūhelu o kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa trionix... Ma nā panalāʻau o ka Russian Federation, noho ʻo ia ma ka moku ʻo Amur.
Aia ka palena ʻākau o kona wahi noho. ʻIke ʻia ia i Iapana, Kina Hikina, Kōlea, ma nā mokupuni ʻo Taiwan. Lawe ʻia i Hawaii. I ka pō a me ka pō alualu, i ke ao, hoʻomaha ʻo ia, kū i ke kahakai lā. ʻO Predator, hopu i ka iʻa a me nā invertebrates.
4. Honu poo nui... He huelo lōʻihi ko kēia mea ʻano ʻē, e like me ka nahesa. Noho a me nā hunts ma nā kahawai o Asia Hema. ʻAʻole huki i ke poʻo nui ma lalo o ka uhi kaʻa. Loaʻa iā ia nā ā ā ikaika a ikaika, a hoʻohana ʻo ia me ka hoʻokaʻulua ʻole ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia.
I ke kūlohelohe, pono ia ʻaʻole e hoʻokokoke iā ia i kahi mamao loa, hiki iā ia ke haki i nā iwi me kāna nahu. Piʻi pū ʻo ia i nā kumulāʻau, kahi e hiki ai iā ia ke noho no ka manawa lōʻihi e like me ka manu nui.
5. Honu maka honu maka... ʻO ka lunamaka wai wai, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kahi ʻano monotypic. ʻIno loa ʻo ia, no laila e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kahi mea ola. Noho ʻo ia i nā kahawai ma ka ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hema, ʻo ka hapa nui ma Amazon, a hiki ke hoʻoweliweli maoli i ke kanaka, a hana ʻino iā ia. He ʻāʻī lōʻihi kona e like me ka nahesa, ʻelua mau papa ʻoiʻoi i kona waha, e like me nā niho kanaka i hoʻopili ʻia, a he kino kino ʻo ia. Ke hoʻomākaukau nei no kahi alualu, hūnā maikaʻi iā ia iho me he snag a i ʻole kahi kumu lāʻau kūʻi.
Aia kekahi pūʻulu o nā kuhukukū, i ʻike hewa ʻole ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, hoihoi loa ia no nā mea aloha i kēia mau holoholona unpretentious.
Nā ʻano o nā honu kūloko
Ke kamaʻilio nei e pili ana i kēia mau lunamakaʻāinana, e hoʻi mākou i kekahi manawa i nā ʻano i helu ʻia ma luna, e hoʻopili ana i ka hōʻike o mua me nā kūlana o ka mālama ʻana i ka hale. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā holoholona e māhele i ka honua a me ka wai hou. ʻO kēia ka mea makemake nui ʻia ʻano o nā manu kuhukukū:
Honu kuhukukū
1. honu ʻAsia waena (steppe). Makemake nā poʻe he nui e hoʻomaka ma ka home. ʻO kēia mau kuhukukū a mākou e ʻike pinepine ai ma nā makamaka a me nā hoalauna. Kūleʻa lākou, makaʻu ʻole lākou ma nā lima. Hele mālie lākou, ke kī māmā ʻana me ko lākou mau māiʻuʻu.
Ua helu ʻia lākou i ka Red Book, akā ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou i ke kūʻai aku. ʻO nā kūlana i ʻae ʻia no lākou ka wela maloo. ʻO kā lākou terrarium ma kahi o 24-30 ° C, ka wai mau. E hoʻāʻo e hoʻokuʻu i kāu poʻe holoholona e hele wāwae, ʻaʻole makemake lākou i ka wahi i puni ʻia. Maʻi paha lākou.
2. honu Kaiwaenahonua (Caucasian, Greek)... ʻO ka mahana ʻoi loa no ka mālama ʻana he 25-30 ° C. ʻO ke kumu o ka papaʻai ka mea kanu. I hoʻokahi manawa i ka mahina, hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i ka meaʻai protein - wīwī, slug, ʻūhini. ʻAʻole pono ka inu maʻamau, ʻaʻole pono e kau i ka wai. Hiki iā ia ke ninini iā ia, a hoʻopōʻino ka nui o ka ona iā ia.
3. honu Balkan. No ka mālama ʻana i ka hale, pono ʻo ia i ka mahana o ke ao he 26-32 ° C, i ka pō he 5-7 kekele ka haʻahaʻa. ʻAi nui ia i nā meaʻai mea kanu, akā hiki iā ia ke ale i nā invertebrates a me kahi ʻāpana o kaʻiʻo. Mālama ʻia ia i nā terrarium maloʻo, ʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o nā hua manu he 53-92 mau lā. I ka hoʻoilo, pono lākou i ka hoʻoilo ma kahi mahana o 10 ° C a me kahi ea o ka ea ma kahi o 80%.
4. Nā kuhukukū ʻAigupita. Pono e mālama i ka mahana i ka terrarium ma 24-30 ° C. He ʻano ʻokoʻa kā lākou i ka lawena, i ka makaʻu iki e hoʻāʻo lākou e kanu iā lākou iho i ke one a i ʻole ka honua palupalu. Pono e noʻonoʻo i kēia i ke koho ʻana i kahi lepo no ka mālama ʻana.
Honu wai hou
1. Lohe ʻulaʻula alakaʻi ka honu i nā kuhukukū i hoʻolauleʻa nui ʻia. Hauʻoli ka poʻe he nui e hōʻike iā ia i loko o kahi aquarium. E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai, he ʻulaʻula kona mau kiko kikoʻī ma ka wahi o nā maka, a kapa ʻia kēia mau honu i hoʻonani ʻia, ʻoiai e hoʻopili ʻia ana ko lākou pūpū āpau a me nā ʻāpana protruding o ke kino. No ka hōʻoluʻolu, pono lākou i kahi aquarium me kahi panakō. Pono ka mahana o ka wai ma 22-28 ° C, ka mahana o ka ea - 20-32 ° C.
2. Honu honu ʻEulopa. I loko o ia mea, makemake ʻia kahi aquarium me ke kai a me ka wai pāpaʻu. ʻEleu ʻo ia i ke kakahiaka a me ke awakea, e hiamoe ana ma lalo i ka pō. I kekahi manawa pono e hoʻokomo i kahi kukui palekana hou i mea e mālama ai i ke ʻano māmā. Makemake i ka mahana o ka wai a 25 ° C, ka mahana o ka ea - a 30 ° C.
3. Honu Caspian. ʻO kā lākou carapax i ke ʻano o ka oval, liʻiliʻi (a 25 cm) a me ka marsh-kala me nā kaha lā, nā laina like e hoʻonani i ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Hōʻike ʻia ka hemahema moekolohe e kahi pūpū concave i nā keikikāne, a ʻo kahi huelo mānoanoa a lōʻihi hoʻi. I nā kaikamahine, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka huelo a he convex iki ka carapace.
Ua koho lākou i ka hema o ʻEulopa, Central Asia, ka Caucasus a me nā ʻāina o ka Hikina Waena no ka noho ʻana. ʻIke pinepine ʻia lākou i ka moku ʻo Caspian Sea. He mea hoihoi e hiki iā lākou ke ʻau i loko o ka wai muliwai a i loko o ka wai brackish, i kāwili iki ʻia me ka wai kai.
ʻO ka mea nui aia nā mea kanu kokoke. Eia hou, he mau steeplejacks kekahi, hiki iā lākou ke piʻi i 1.8 km i ka mauna. Makemake lākou i ka mahana wela o 30-32 ºС, akā makemake i ka wai anuanu - 18-22..
4. Chinese Trionix (honu Hikina Hema). He mea kupaianaha me ka pūpū ʻili palupalu. ʻAʻohe ona carapace a plastron paha, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kino o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo wale ka ʻōpū. Aia kahi proboscis ma ka waha, a hūnā i kona poʻo i kahi kola ʻano. ʻEkolu mau manamana wāwae ma nā wāwae. He ʻano maikaʻi ʻole kona.
Neʻe wikiwiki ʻo ia, ʻoki ʻoki loa kāna mau niho, hiki ke hōʻeuʻeu a hiki ke ʻehaʻeha ke kui. Eia kekahi, paʻakikī e kolo. ʻO ko lākou wahi noho ma ka Hikina Hema a me nā mokupuni kokoke.
Ma Rūsia, loaʻa ia ma ka Hikina hikina. Aloha i nā kahawai lohi, a me nā kino wai ʻē aʻe me kahi au malie. ʻO ka ʻiʻo waiwai nui, ma ka Hikina e lawelawe ʻia ia me he mea ʻono lā. ʻO ka mahana o ka wai hōʻoluʻolu a 26 kekelē.
ʻO ka hope, kekahi laha o nā honu liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke kūpono i kēia mau holoholona hānai no ka poʻe i ʻae ʻole nā kūlana noho no kahi aquarium nui. I kekahi manawa ua lawa ka pahu pahu kahiko no nā pēpē o uka. A me ka wai - kahi wai liʻiliʻi, e like me ka iʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke ulu a 13 cm wale nō, mahalo ʻole, hoʻomākeʻaka a nani hoʻi. Pili kēia mau honu:
- honu manu palahalaha (ka nui 6-8 cm, ke kaupaona 100-170g), nā mea kanu lāʻau;
- honu manu kuhukukū (ka nui 7.5-13 cm);
- musky musky (ka nui a 10cm), noho i kahi aquarium;
- ʻike ʻia (ka nui 7.5-13 cm), he ʻāina hapa lākou a pono lākou i terrarium me kahi wai ʻauʻau.
- Pākē ʻekolu-keel (a i 13 cm). Unpretentious loa, lohi a mālie nā pēpē.
Pono nā honu wai hou a pau i kahi aquarium me kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāina makeshift. ʻOi aku ka pololei, pono ʻoe i ka wai, ka ʻāina a me ka wai pāpaʻu. Pono ka wahi hope loa no ka thermoregulation. E hana ʻia ka ʻāina me kahi pali liʻiliʻi i ka wai mai kahi mea lawa kūpono e maʻalahi ai ka piʻi ʻana o lākou.
A pono lākou i ka meaʻai kūpono a me ka maʻemaʻe i loko o ka ipu. Ma mua o ke koho ʻana i kahi holoholona no ʻoe iho, aʻoaʻo mākou iā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo pono i nā mea i luna ʻano o nā kuhukukū i ke kiʻi. I kekahi manawa hiki i ka hiʻona ke hoʻokani i ka kuleana i ka koho!
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
- I kekahi mau moʻolelo hikina, no ka laʻana ma ka Pākē, hōʻike ka honu i kekahi o nā mea nui ʻehā. Me ka deragona, cilin (kahi mea kaʻao me nā pepeiaohao he nui, ke kino o ka lio, ke poʻo o ka deragona a me ka huelo o ka bea) a me kahi phoenix, ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo ia i nā kaʻao me he holoholona naʻauao a lokomaikaʻi hoʻi.
- I ka wā kahiko, manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka honu ke kumu o ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke ʻano o ke ao e like me kēia holoholona. Ma kona kua he ʻekolu mau elepani, a ʻo lākou hoʻi ka mea i paʻa ai ka Honua ma ko lākou mau kua, me he mea lā he pālahalaha kēia.
- ʻO nā honu kai he mau ʻauʻau kai ʻoi loa i koho ʻia e ka lehulehu kūloko iā lākou ma ke ʻano he mascots a i ʻole hoʻohālikelike. ʻO kahi laʻana, nā poʻe ʻauʻau kaulana mai Fiji e kūlou kūlou i ko lākou poʻo i nā ʻano ʻauʻau kai poʻokela o kēia mau holoholona, a ma kēia mokupuni ua koho ka ʻOihana Moana iā lākou i hōʻailona.
- ʻO nā honu, ka mea i lilo i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa i ke kai, e hoʻoikaika mau i ka hoʻi i kā lākou wahi hānau e hoʻomau i kā lākou keiki a ʻike hewa ʻole iā lākou. Kūkulu lākou i ka hoʻokele e pili ana i ka mākia magnet o ko mākou Honua, kahi e kōkua ai iā lākou e hele ʻole ma ke kai ākea.
- Aia nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa paradoxical i ke akeakamai - ʻApelika, i kākau ʻia e ka mea akeakamai Helene Zenon. Wahi a kekahi o lākou, ʻaʻole hiki i ke akua moʻo wāwae wāwae Achilles ke kiʻi aku me ka honu. ʻO kona kumu, he mahele palena ʻole ka hakahaka a me ka manawa, aia nō kahi ʻāpana o ke ala a ka honu i hiki ai ke lanakila, akā ʻaʻole ʻo Achilles. He kuhi hewa kēia, a lilo ia i kēia kūlike ʻole. Ua hoʻopā wale mākou i kēia pilikia i hiki i ka mea heluhelu ke hoʻomaopopo i kahi e pili ai ka aphorism "Achilles a me ka honu" i loaʻa i kekahi mau hana moʻokalaleo kaulana.
