I ka wā Mesozoic, ua hāʻawi kēia mau manu i ka lele ʻana i ka makemake i ka mea wai. Eia hou, hele wāwae nā penguin me ke kū pololei o ko lākou mau kino. He ʻano like ko lākou āpau, akā ʻokoʻa ke kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻonui ʻia nā emperor kiʻekiʻe i 125 cm a ʻoi paha, hiki ʻole i nā penguins liʻiliʻi ke lanakila ma 30 cm. māka.
Makemake nā Penguins i ka hui o kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī. ʻAʻole kūkulu lākou i nā pūnana; hana lākou i nā kaiāulu walaʻau he nui. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ma kahi o nā kai kai ʻē aʻe. Hoʻomaka nā manu i ka makahiki 20 i ka makahiki.
ʻAʻole lanakila mau nā ʻano liʻiliʻi i ka māka 15 mau makahiki. Noho nā manu i 5 mau makahiki i ka noho pio ʻana ma mua o ka nāhelehele. ʻIke, he aha nā ʻano o nā penguin, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike iā lākou me kou mau maka ponoʻī ma ke kipa ʻana i kahi zoo nui.
ʻO nā penguins emepela genus
ʻO kēia genus ka mea mua i kaʻawale mai ke aʻa ʻohana, no laila ua kapa ʻia ia he basal. ʻElua wale nō ʻano i loko. Hoʻokahi nominative - imperial, ʻo kekahi me ka inoa mōʻī - penguins aliʻi. ʻO kēia ʻano o nā penguin i loko o ke kiʻi haʻaheo a hanohano.
I nā manu e pili ana i kēia genus, he hana kūikawā nā paws. ʻAʻole lākou i kōkua ma ke ʻano he kākoʻo e kū pono ai ke kino. I ka manawa koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hua a me ka pale ʻana i ka pēpē hou mai ke anuanu, he ʻano pūnana lākou.
ʻAʻole pale ʻia nā wāwae Penguin mai ke anu e ka hulu. Hoʻopili pili i nā moku venous a me nā moku arterial e kōkua iā lākou e mahana. Hāʻawi ke koko venous mehana i kona kekelē i ke koko arterial. Aia kekahi kaʻina hoʻomehana pilikino ponoʻī. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia nā paws wale nō, hoʻomehana ʻia kahi pūnana impromptu.
ʻAno o nā penguins emperor
ʻIke ʻia i ka 1820, i ka wā o ka holo ʻana o nā moku Lūkini ma lalo o ke kauoha a Bellingshausen a me Lazarev i ke kahakai o Antarctica. He mea maikaʻi loa kēia mau manu i ka poʻe ʻike. No laila, ua loaʻa iā lākou ke poʻo inoa kiʻekiʻe loa i kū i kēlā manawa.
Nui ka nui o nā manu. Ke kokoke nei ko lākou kiʻekiʻe i 130 knm. A ʻo ko lākou kaumaha, me ka nui o ka meaʻai, hiki i 50 kg. Kūleʻa ke kala. ʻO ka ʻōpū keʻokeʻo e lilo i umauma melemele pale. Hoʻokumu ke kua lanahu i nā kua a me nā ʻeheu i kahi nānā i hoʻohālikelike ʻia. Hoʻopili iki ka nuku. Ma ke poʻoʻeleʻele, kokoke i ka ʻāʻī, aia nā kiko melemele.
Hoʻohui ʻia nā hulu e like me ʻekolu mau hulu, e hāʻawi ana i ka mehana a me ka hoʻoluʻu o ka wai. Hōʻalo ka moulting manu i kā lākou pale pale. A hiki i ka hopena, noho mau nā manu i ka ʻāina, ʻo ia hoʻi, pōloli lākou. Hana hou ka hulu hou a kokoke like i ka manawa o ke kino. No laila, pono ka pōloli o ka manu ma muli o ka molting wale ʻana i hoʻokahi a i ʻelua pule.
Hana mamao ʻia nā kolone mai kahakai. Hana ʻo Penguins i kahi piʻi lōʻihi (a i 50-100 km) i mea e noho ai i ka hui o nā kāne makua a me nā wahine a e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ka hana hou. ʻO ka hoʻoilo Antarctic e hoʻokokoke ana a me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā hola o ke ao ke kipaku nei e hoʻomaka i ke ala i ka hānau.
I ka manawa ma ke kolone, hoʻomaka nā manu e nānā no kahi pālua. Hele hewa nā kāne ma waena o ka hui manu e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ana a hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ko lākou mau poʻo. Hana ka wahine manuahi i kēia mau kakaka. Kū ke alo i kekahi, kūlou nā manu. Hoʻohuli i ka pānaʻi o ka makemake, hoʻomaka nā penguins e hele pālua. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka launa aloha leusurely a me nā hana hou aʻe i kahi mahana o -40 ° C.
Noho mau nā penguins o ka Emepera no hoʻokahi kau wale nō. I ka honua paʻakikī o Antarctica, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka manawa kūpono mua no ka hānau ʻana. ʻAʻohe kumu e kakali ai i ka hoa o ka makahiki i hala e hele mai i ke kolone. Aia ka liʻiliʻi o ka puka aniani o ka manawa kūpono.
I Mei-Iune, hana ka wahine i hoʻokahi hua manu 470g. Ma ke kaupaona, nui ka hua manu, akā pili i ke kaupaona o ka wahine, ʻo kēia kekahi o nā hua manu liʻiliʻi loa. ʻO 2.3% wale nō o ka makua kaupaona he penguin embryo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi pūpū.
Ma hope o ke kau ʻana, hoʻoili ʻia ka hua manu i ke kāne. Mālama wale ʻo ia a hoʻomehana i ka penguin e hiki mai ana ma kahi o 70 mau lā. Hele ka wahine i ke kai no ka hānai ʻana. Luhi ʻo ia, pono ke kino i ka meaʻai. He paʻakikī nō hoʻi nā kāne. Ke hoʻonohonoho nei ke kolone i kahi hui paʻa, hoʻopakele iā lākou iho mai ke anuanu a me ka makani, e ʻapo ana kekahi i kekahi, e hoʻohuli i ko lākou kua i ka makani.
I ka wā o ka male ʻana, me ka manawa o ka incubation, lilo nā kāne i 40% o ko lākou kaumaha. Hoʻokipa nā moa i 2-3 mau mahina. I ka manawa o ko lākou helehelena, hoʻi nā wahine me nā iʻa i loko o ka esophagus, kahi e hānai ai i nā moa. A hiki i Ianuali, hele nā manu makua i ke kai no ka meaʻai. A laila wāwahi ke kolone. Hele nā manu āpau i ka iʻa.
Penguins Mōʻī
ʻOi aku nā palena haʻahaʻa o kēia mau manu. Aia lākou a 1 mika ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka nui, ma ka ʻoi loa, hiki i 20 kg. ʻO ke kala o nā ʻano ʻelua like. Akā, ua hoʻonani ʻia nā penguin aliʻi me nā ʻōlinolino, nā ʻalani i ka wahi o ka pepeiao a me ka umauma.
ʻO kahi o ka noho o nā penguins me kahi inoa mōʻī ka mokupuni subantarctic mai 44 lat S latitude. a i 56 ° S I ke kenekulia i hala, ua hemo nā pūnaewele pūnana penguin ma nā mokupuni he nui, ʻo ke kumu o ka momona o nā manu.
ʻO kēia mea i aneane e hoʻopau i ka lehulehu o ka mōʻī penguin mokupuni. Pepehi kanaka luina i nā manu no ka momona wale nō. I kēia lā, ua kū nā pepehi kanaka noʻonoʻo ʻole. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā manu i 2 miliona. ʻO ia, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia lākou i ka make.
Lilo nā penguin aliʻi i mau mākua ma 3 mau makahiki. Hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana hānau, ma ka makahiki 5 mau. I ʻOkakopa, ʻākoakoa nā penguins makua i ke kolone. Hoʻomaka nā kāne e kāʻalo i ka ʻohana manu, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou mākaukau. Kūlou ke poʻo o kā lākou hulahula. Kūpono koke nā mahu.
Hoʻomoe ka wahine i hoʻokahi hua moa 300-gram. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻohana imperial, ʻaʻole wale ke kāne, akā hatch ka wahine iā ia. Ma hope o 50 mau lā, ʻaneʻane e ʻike ʻia nā keiki ʻōlohelohe. Pono nā mākua e pale iā lākou, ʻaʻole i emi iki ka hana ma mua o ka hua manu. Ma hope o 30-40 mau lā, hoʻomohala ka moa i nā mea o ke kūʻokoʻa.
Nā penguins nani
Ua ola kekahi ʻano o kēia genus a hiki i ko mākou manawa - he penguin kēia me kahi kaha melemele mai nā maka, ma ke kua o ke poʻo, a puni ke poʻo. ʻO ka penguin maka maka melemele ka inoa maʻamau. Ua kapa ʻia ka inoa ʻo Huaho e ka poʻe Maori, ka heluna nui o Nūhōlani. Heluhelu ʻia kēia laha ʻole o ka penguin... Piʻi ia a hiki i 60-80 cm. I ke kau hānai pono ke kau ʻia ma kahi o 8 kg. ʻO ka maka melemele ka ʻehā o nā penguin ʻano nui e ka nui a me ka nui.
Hāpai ʻo Huajo ma kahakai hikina o Nūhōlani, Nā Mokupuni Steward, ʻAukake a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike ka helu a me nā helu ulu o nā ʻōpio i ka hiki ke make o kēia mau manu i nā 2-3 mau makahiki e hiki mai ana. ʻO ke kumu, e like me ka ʻepekema, ke waiho nei i ka hoʻomehana, haumia, lawaiʻa.
Ua hoʻomaka nā mea kālepa o New Zealand e hoʻohana i nā kolone penguin e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi. Lawe ʻia nā mea aloha o ka exotic i nā kahakai o Oamaru, ka Peninsula ʻo Otago, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke nānā i nā manu kai maʻamau, ʻoiai ʻo ka maka melemele ka mea paʻa i ke pio. ʻAʻole lākou i māʻona me nā kūlana hana no ka hana hou.
Nā penguins liʻiliʻi
Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia genus i hoʻokahi ʻano nominative - ka mea liʻiliʻi a uliuli paha ʻo penguin New Zealand. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui mai ke koena o ka ʻohana kāna nohona nocturnal. ʻO nā manu, i kekahi ʻano, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā holoholona e ʻāʻī ana. Noho lākou i ka lā holoʻokoʻa i ke kaumaha, nā lua kūlohelohe, a hele i ka lawaiʻa i ka pō.
ʻO ka makaʻu ka waiwai nui o kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka nui o ko lākou kaumaha i 1.5 kg. No ka loaʻa ʻana o kēlā ʻano nui, pono e ʻauʻau nā penguins liʻiliʻi he 25 km mai ke kahakai a ma laila lākou e huli ai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā cephalopods. I ke kahakai kahakai, hopu lākou i nā crustacea.
Ua hoʻopaʻa mua ʻia kēia manu a wehewehe ʻia i ka makahiki 1871 e ka mea mākaʻikaʻi Kelemania ʻo Reinhold Forester. Akā aia nō nā paio ma waena o nā meaolaola. O kahi laʻana. Aia kekahi ʻano o ka penguin ʻēheu keʻokeʻo. Manaʻo ʻia he subspecies o ka liʻiliʻi, akā hoʻonohonoho ʻia e kekahi mau mea kākau ma ke ʻano he kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa. Ke hoʻomaka nei nā noiʻi DNA o nā manu, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo hope ʻia ka hihia.
Noho ka penguin ʻeheu keʻokeʻo i ka panalāʻau ʻo New Zealand o Canterbury. Ma nā pali kahakai, kūkulu nā manu ʻēheu keʻokeʻo i nā lua i maʻalahi e noho ai lākou i ke ao. I ke ahiahi, i ka pouli, e hele i ke kai. Hoʻopakele kēia maʻamau mai nā manu kai o ka ʻai, akā pale ia mai nā mea hōkai ʻuʻuku i lawe ʻia mai i kēia mau ʻāina e ka poʻe ʻEulopa.
Ua pāpā nā aupuni o ka Commonwealth o Australia a me nā hoanoho o New Zealand i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā penguins. Hana ʻia ia wahi i pale ʻia kahi e ʻākoakoa ai nā manu i nā kolone. Akā ʻo ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ma nā ʻupena kikoʻī, ka ninini ʻana o ka aila, nā ʻōpala o ka moana, ka loli, a me ka nāwaliwali o ka lako o nā meaʻai, ke alakaʻi nei i kahi hōʻemi o nā penguin.
ʻO nā penguins i kūleʻa ʻia
Aia kēia genus i 7 mau ʻano i koe. Nui loa kekahi o lākou. Akā hoʻokahi - 8 mau ʻano - lilo i ka 19 kenekulia. ʻO ka ulu piha ʻana o nā manu i 50-70 cm.ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona ma ke ʻano he penguin, akā aia kahi hulu multicolored kāhiko ma ke poʻo, kahi e hāʻawi ai i kā lākou kiʻi pakahi. Nā inoa ʻano Penguin hōʻike i ko lākou hiʻohiʻona waho a i ʻole nā wahi pūnana.
- ʻO Penguin Crest. Nānā koho. E like me ke kūpono i ka penguin crest, ua hoʻonaninani ʻia kahi lole ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo me nā pāpale hulu melemele a me nā waihona.
- Penguin lauoho lauoho. Ua ʻike ʻia ehia mau ʻano penguins no ka ʻohana. Aia he 40 miliona o lākou. ʻO ka hapalua o ka penguin lāhui he manu lauoho gula.
- Penguin kalaiwa ʻākau. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau manu ma ke ʻano he ʻauhau kaʻawale. No ka hiki ke koi ʻia e piʻi i nā pōhaku, ua kapa ʻia lākou he poʻe piʻi pōhaku. A i ʻole nā penguin lauoho lauoho gula. Hoʻokumu kēia mau manu lele ʻole i nā pūnana kahiko ma nā pali piʻi. Ma kahi e hiki ʻole ai i kahi mea ʻānai ʻāina ke hiki. Minamina, ʻaʻole pale kēia i nā powa air.
- Penguin uku pila. ʻOiai ka helu liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā nalo mānoanoa nā lāhui pelu o nā penguins... Pili ka manaolana no ka mālama ʻana i nā laha me ka mamao o nā wahi noho a me ka hana ʻole o nā ʻenemi ʻāina.
- ʻO Pengna Crested Penguin. Aia nā manu i loko o ka moku ʻo Snares Archipelago. Aia kona wahi ma kahi o 3 sq. km Ma waho, ʻokoʻa iki kēia manu i kona mau ʻohana. Hiki i kahi kiko māmā ma ke kumu o ka nuku ʻeleʻele mānoanoa ke lawelawe ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona ʻike.
ʻO ka mokupuni home ʻaʻole ia he puʻu pōhaku. He ulu nahele kona a me nā kumulāʻau, a me nā mea a mākou e kapa ai he nahele. Maikaʻi loa ka mokupuni ma muli o ka ʻole o nā mea ʻino ma luna ona. No laila, hana ʻo Snair Crested Penguins i nā pūnana ma nā kahakai a ma kahi mamao aku, ma ka Ululāʻau Snare.
- ʻO Schlegel Penguin. Noho o ka Mokupuni ʻo Macquarie. ʻO kahi mokupuni mamao loa ma ka Pākīpika Hema kahi wale nō kahi e hoʻohua ai kēia manu. ʻO ke kaiāulu me nā manu kai ʻē aʻe, ua hānai ʻia kēia mau mea nani i 2-2.4 miliona mau kānaka.
- Penguin crEST maikaʻi loa. I kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo Sclater Penguin. Noho o Antipodes a me nā mokupuni ʻo Bounty. ʻAʻole aʻo maikaʻi ʻia kēia ʻano. Ke emi nei nā helu. Ua manaʻo ʻia he manu ʻaneʻane make.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole ʻae nā mea kālaikaolaola āpau me kēia ʻano hoʻohuehui o nā manu kōlaki. Manaʻo kekahi he ʻehā wale nō mau lā. A ʻo nā mea mua ʻekolu mai ka papa inoa he subspecies o ka ʻano like.
Nā Penguins Chinstrap
Noho lākou, me ka imperial, nā kūlana hema loa i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kolone. Aia ma ke kahakai pōhaku, hana lākou i nā pūnana pebble maʻalahi. Ke hānai keiki i nā glaciers Continental, ʻaʻole hiki kēia. Mālama nā wāwae o nā manu i kahi pūnana.
Hele lākou i kai ākea no ka meaʻai. ʻO kahi o ka hoʻouka kaua i nā kula o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi i kekahi manawa aia ma kahi mamao o 80 km a ʻoi paha mai ke kahakai. Maʻaneʻi ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻopiha wale i ko lākou ʻōpū, akā lilo lākou iā lākou i pahuhopu na nā mea ʻaihue. Ma kahi o 10% o ka huina chinstrap penguin lāhui e liona ʻia e ke kai.
- Adelie Penguin. Ua ʻike ʻia ka penguin a wehewehe ʻia e ka ʻepekema Farani Dumont-Durville. Hoʻopili ʻia me ka inoa o ka wahine a ka ʻepekema. ʻO ka helehelena o nā manu kahi mea maʻamau o ka style penguin. ʻAʻohe frills. ʻO ka ʻōpū keʻokeʻo a me ka umauma, ʻaʻahu kapa ʻeleʻele. Ma kahi o 2 miliona mau kāne e mālama i kā lāua keiki ma nā mokupuni ʻo Antarctic a me ke kahakai nui.
- Gentoo penguin. ʻO kahi inoa maʻamau ʻano ʻē aʻe mai ka Latin Pygoscelis papua. ʻIke mua a wehewehe ʻia i ka Mokupuni Falkland. ʻAʻole peʻe maoli kēia manu.
Hāʻawi ʻo ia iā ia iho me kahi leʻaleʻa a me ka uē aloha ʻole. ʻO ka nohona a me ka nohona e hana hou i ka nohona a me nā ʻano maʻamau a nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e hōʻike ai laha o nā penguins ma Antarctica... Ka manu kai ʻoi loa. I ka wai, hoʻomohala ia i kahi moʻolelo 36.5 km i kēlā me kēia hola. ʻO ia hoʻi ke kolu o nā lālā o ka ʻohana penguin. Piʻi ia a 71 cm.
- Penguin Chinstrap. Holo kahi ʻokoʻa ʻeleʻele i ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka maka, kahi e ʻike ai ka helehelena o nā penguins... Ma muli o ke kahe, kapa ʻia nā manu i kekahi manawa ʻo chinstrap penguin a i ʻole nā ʻumiʻumi ʻumiʻumi. Ma mua o 75 cm ke kiʻekiʻe a kaupaona ʻia 5 kg.
ʻO nā penguins ʻike ʻia a i ʻole ka hoki
Nānā - laha o nā penguinsʻO kēlā pūnana mamao loa mai Antarctica. No ka uē kūkaʻa, e like me ke kani ʻana o kahi holoholona ʻehā, ua kapa ʻia lākou he mau hoki. Ma ka ʻāpana ventral o ke kino aia kekahi kaha ʻokoʻa me nā kihi kaulike ʻole, e like me ka pio nui.
- ʻO Penguin Kuhi ʻia ka heluna kanaka ma kahi o 200 tausani mau kānaka. ʻOiai he kenekulia ma mua, aia ma kahi o hoʻokahi miliona mau manu o kēia ʻano.
- Penguin Humboldt. Ma Chile a me Peru, kahi e pili ai ke au anuanu i nā kahakai pōhaku, hatch nā penguins ʻo Humboldt i kā lākou mau moa. Aia kekahi mau manu i koe - ma kahi o 12,000 pālua. Hoʻohui nā ʻepekema i ka hoʻemi o ka helu o nā penguin me ka loli o nā ala o nā ʻale o ke kai.
- Penguin Magellanic. Ua ola ʻole kona inoa i ka hoʻomanaʻo o ka mea huakaʻi ʻo Fernand Magellan. Noho nā manu ma ka hema o ʻAmelika Hema, ke kapakai o Patagonia. Ma laila, loaʻa he 2 miliona mau kāne walaʻau.
- ʻO Galapagos Penguin. ʻO nā laha e pūnana i nā Galapagos, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma nā mokupuni kokoke i ka equator. ʻOiai ka ʻokoʻa o ka nohona, ʻaʻole i loli nā penguins Galapagos i ka helehelena a me nā ʻano e pili ana i nā manu manuahi ʻē aʻe.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
Ke nānā nei i nā penguins Magellanic, ua hoʻokumu nā zologist i waena o lākou aia nā lima ʻākau a me nā lima hema. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka hana o nā holoholona me kekahi a i ʻole kekahi paw. ʻAʻohe hoʻokahi ambidextor (holoholona me ka hoʻomohala like ʻia o nā wāwae ʻelua). Kaulana ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo nā penguin wāwae wāwae hema he ʻoi aku ka hakakā. I nā kānaka, ʻaʻole nānā ʻia kēia hilinaʻi.
I ka wā e ʻai ana i ka meaʻai, hōʻike nā penguin aliʻi i ko lākou mākaukau i ka ʻauʻau ʻana a me ka luʻu ʻana. ʻOiai e ʻimi ana i ka iʻa, luʻu nā manu i kahi hohonu o 300 mika. Noho ma lalo o ka wai ma mua o 5 mau minuke. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka luʻu moʻolelo i ka makahiki 1983. ʻO 345 ka hohonu o kona hohonu.
Hoʻopau nā Penguins i ko lākou make wai me ka wai paʻakai. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻaʻohe wahi a nā manu e loaʻa ai kahi hou. He kino supraorbital kino kā ke penguin e nānā i ke kaulike o ka paʻakai a hemo i kāna mea i ʻoi aku ma nā puka ihu. ʻOiai ke ʻimi nei kekahi mau holoholona i nā kumu paʻakai, ʻo nā poʻe (penguins) kekahi e kulu ana mai ka piko o ko lākou ihu.
I loko o nā miliona he nui, hoʻokahi wale nō penguin i kāhea ʻia no ka ʻoihana koa. ʻO Nils Olaf kona inoa. Noho Zin Edinburgh. I kēia manawa pono e hoʻohui ʻia ke poʻo inoa "sir" i kona inoa. Ua lawelawe ka penguin i ka pūʻali koa Norewai no nā makahiki he nui. Ua hala kāna ʻoihana mai corporal a i kahi luna hanohano.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hala ʻia ka hapa mua o ka huakaʻi e kona mua, a ua make ʻo ia i ka makahiki 1988 me ke kūlana o ka haipule. Naita ka Olaf o kēia manawa i 2008. ʻO ia wale nō ka penguin i hiki i ke kūlana luna kiʻekiʻe loa i ka pūʻali koa Norewai.
