ʻO ka wā kahiko o nā lio Karachai i hoʻopili ʻia me ke ola o nā highlanders ma ke kaona ʻo Karachay ma North Caucasus. ʻO nā ʻāina ākea, nā pōhaku, nā kahawai, nā loli o ke aniau o ke ao a me ka pō, ua hoʻāʻo nā kūlana ʻino i ka ikaika o nā kamaʻāina kūloko e pono ai nā mea kōkua kikoʻī a me nā ala o ka halihali.
Lio Karachaev, i loaʻa ma muli o ka moʻa ʻana o nā lio kūloko a me ka hikina, ua lilo i hoʻokahi o nā hānau hoʻomau mau loa. ʻO nā Connoisseurs, ʻaʻole i emi ma mua o nā ʻano o ke kino, mahalo i ke kūpaʻa, nani, a me ka wikiwiki o nā lio.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka wae koho ʻia o nā lio Karachai i lawe ʻia no ka hana, neʻe ma nā ʻāina pōhaku, no laila, he wiwi ka lio, he wāwae wāwae pōkole. Ua lawe ʻia ka paʻakikī maoli i ka ʻāina mauna, kahi e loaʻa ai nā wahi hānai. ʻAi ʻia nā lio i ka meaʻai maʻalahi, wīwī, aia lākou i ka wahi ʻoʻoleʻa o nā mauna a me nā wāwae wāwae.
I loko o nā makahiki he haneli i hala, mahalo i ka hana a nā mea hānai, ua loli ka lāhui, ua nui aʻe, akā mālama ʻia nā ʻano maikaʻi loa. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā lio me ka neʻe a me ke ahonui, ka hoʻolohe a me ka wiwo ʻole. ʻAʻole makaʻu nā holoholona i nā mea keakea, hoʻomaʻa ʻia lākou i ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona ʻoi loa, hana ma ka ʻāina mauna.
ʻO ke kumukānāwai ikaika, squatness e ʻae iā ʻoe e hana i nā hoʻololi lōʻihi i ke ao a me ka pō, e hele wāwae ma nā pōhaku, ma waho o ke alanui, e hoʻomanawanui i nā hau ʻino a me ka wela o ke kauwela. Pono ka poʻe kiʻekiʻe i kahi limahana hilinaʻi, ʻaʻole ka nani o ka hōʻike.
Ua ʻae nā holoholona i nā loli wela hikiwawe, nā loli i ka wela, paʻa ʻole a hānai palena ʻia i nā ʻano hoʻololi paʻakikī. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā lio aloha ʻole i nā hale pumehana, ka ʻai palaoa. ʻAi nā holoholona i ka pā holoholona a moe i ka pō i nā kūlana kūlohelohe.
Hoʻohālike ʻia nā lio me kahi kino ākea a manoanoa. Kūlike ka hiʻohiʻona maʻamau. ʻO ka mane wavy o ka lauoho a me ka huelo lōʻihi o nā lio holoholo eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. ʻO ka piko ihu, nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi, hoʻi pololei, ʻāʻī ikaika o ka lōʻihi waena e hāʻawi i nā lio i nā lālani hanohano. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka lāhui e nā kala ʻeleʻele. I nā ʻohana Circassian, ua mahi ʻia hoʻokahi waihoʻoluʻu o ka ʻohana.
ʻIke ʻia nā ʻano waiwai o ka laha ma ke ʻano he hoʻoikaika kino maikaʻi, pale ʻana i nā maʻi, mālama pono ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka wiwo ʻole, hanohano, ka hoʻolohe ʻana i mea e kōkua pono ai nā lio i ka mahiʻai. ʻO ke aloha, hoʻolaʻa ʻana o nā holoholona i ke kanaka ua hoʻāʻo ʻia i nā kenekulia o ka mōʻaukala.
ʻO ka lio o Karachaevskaya he ʻike i hoʻomohala nui ʻia, no laila pono i nā mea ʻai holoholona e hāʻawi i ka manawa he nui i kā lākou hānai a kamaʻilio ʻana. Pono ka mea nāna e hōʻike i ka hoʻomanawanui a e ʻike ka lio i ke poʻo i loko ona. He ʻano ikaika ko nā holoholona, kahi ʻano haʻaheo, kahi e pono ai ke helu pū ʻia nā mea nona ka lio i mea e luku ʻole ai i kahi tandem ikaika.
Ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka hana koho, ua kū mai nā lunamaka āpau o ka lāhui ʻano hao, me kahi kekelē kupaianaha o ka hiki ke hana, ka mea hiki ke maʻalahi i nā wahi like ʻole. ʻO nā hana ʻoʻoleʻa paʻakikī i nā holoholona, aʻo iā lākou e hoʻokele i nā hanana paʻakikī, lawe i nā pōpilikia, a me ka noʻonoʻo pono.
ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā lio Caucasian i ka wikiwiki i nā lio lio, ʻoiai i ke kaʻina o ke koho ʻana, ʻo ka hoʻomanawanui a me ka mana kuhi ka mea mua o nā mea āpau. ʻAno kaulike nā ʻano holo o nā lio Karachai, kahi e hōʻemi ʻole ai i kā lākou waiwai. ʻO ka lio o ka pua Karachai he makana makamae loa ia, kahi waiwai i nā ʻohana Caucasian, kahi e mahalo mau ʻia ai ka ikaika, ka ahonui, ka hana ikaika, a me ke kūpaʻa.
I Karachay-Cherkessia, i kēia au, mālama ʻia nā lio o kēia wā i nā kūlana kūlohelohe e mālama ai i nā ʻano nui o ka laha - ka hoʻomanawanui a me ka unpretentiousness. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe hānai lio i ka mālama maikaʻi ʻana o ka hale i ka hana o nā lio.
Nā kūlana hānau
Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā ʻano mauna mauna o nā lio e kona kiʻekiʻe liʻiliʻi, kumukanawai kūlike. Hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ka holoholona no ka huakaʻi hele lōʻihi ma nā ala kuiki kuiki, e halihali nei i nā ukana kaumaha. Wahi a nā kūlana o kēia ao, ke kiʻekiʻena o nā lio Karachai he 1.48-1.55 m, kaupaona - a i 1 tone. Hoʻopili ka waho i nā ʻano mandatory:
- poʻo poʻo waena;
- umauma ākea;
- ihu lahilahi;
- ʻoʻoleʻa nā pepeiao;
- he kua paʻa me kahi laina pololei;
- ākea croup.
Hoʻonoho ākea nā forelegs, me kahi wāwae wāwae iki. ʻO nā lālā hope hoʻi, hōʻike maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka saber, ʻoiai he ʻano maʻamau ia no nā lāhui Caucasian. ʻO nā mākia o nā lio he ikaika kūikawā, ʻano maʻamau. ʻO ka mane a me ka huelo me nā lauoho mānoanoa e wavy i kekahi manawa. ʻOi aku ka ʻeleʻele, nā kāka ʻoka, ke kai kūʻono, nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele.
ʻO ke kala ʻeleʻele o nā lio Karachai i hoʻohui ʻia e nā lāhui Pelekane. Aia ma kahi o kanahā mau aniani i ka huina, he inoa ko kēlā me kēia. He kakaikahi loa nā lio me nā kiko keʻokeʻo, he ʻokoʻa kēlā mau kānaka, ʻaʻole maʻamau no nā lio Karachai ʻeleʻele.
Aia kekahi ʻano nui o nā lio Karachai:
- ʻo ka ʻano ʻano he holoholona me ke kumukānāwai ākea, kūpono no ka holo ʻana ma lalo o ka noho lio, he paʻa paʻa kaua;
- ʻano nui - nā lio ākea a pōkole hoʻi, me ke kumukānāwai iwi, hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana halihali, ka lawe ʻana i nā ukana ma lalo o kahi ʻeke;
- ʻano holo - kiʻekiʻe nā lio, pāʻani no kā lākou laha. Hoʻohana ʻia nā holoholona i nā hoʻokūkū haʻuki equestrian a waiwai ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he lio hele huakaʻi i ka mākaʻikaʻi kaʻahele. I nā uaua o nā lio holo lio o Karachai, 1/8 o ke koko na nā lio lio Pelekane.
Mālama a me ka mālama ʻana
Ma Karachay-Cherkessia, mālama ʻia nā holoholona i loko o nā bipi e mālama i ko lākou ʻano kūlohelohe. I ka wā hānai manuahi, loaʻa i nā lio kahi ʻāpana nui o kā lākou meaʻai, loaʻa wale iā lākou ka hānai hou ʻana:
- ʻoka;
- nā mea kanu;
- legume;
- palaoa millet.
Inā nā lio o ka lāhui Karachai mālama ʻia i ka hale paʻa, a laila ʻo kekahi o nā hana a ka mea hānai ke ʻano kūpono o ka papaʻai. ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi holoholona no kēia mau mea:
- 60% - mauʻu mauʻu;
- 10% - hānai pūhui, nā hānai paʻa ʻē aʻe;
- 30% nā mea kanu hou.
I mea e hōʻalo ai i nā pilikia digestive i loko o nā lio, kāwili ʻia nā ʻoki mauʻu me ka hānai palaoa i wāwahi mua ʻia, holoi ʻia nā mea ʻai a ʻoki ʻia i mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi.
ʻO nā lio e hele ana i kahi mamao, me ka hoʻonui i ka hoʻoikaika kino, hānai ʻia me 50% mauʻu, 40% concentrates a me 10% nā mea kanu like ʻole (ʻuala, kāloti, beets). No ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā iwi a me nā mākala, hāʻawi ʻia nā mea hoʻopili meaʻai - ka ʻai iwi, ka aila iʻa, ka ʻaila ʻaila, nā wikamina, a me nā minelala.
Hoʻomaulia ʻia ka nui o nā mea hoʻohui ma muli o ke kaupaona a me nā makahiki o ka holoholona. He mea nui i nā lio ke komo i ka wai inu. Pau nā holoholona i 50 liters o ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā. No nā mākua i ka wā o ka lactation, hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā mea hoʻopihapiha i ka papaʻai, kahi e hilinaʻi ai ka nui o ka waiū.
Aia ke kūlana olakino o nā holoholona i ka maikaʻi o ka hānai. ʻO nā lio Karachay e noho ana i nā hale lio pono nā kauwela a me nā wahi hoʻoilo. ʻAʻole pulu nā hānai komplementary, hoʻopiha ʻia me nā parasites. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā lio i kahi paʻa e hoʻolako ʻia me kahi o 4 mika mika ma kēlā me kēia pā.
Uhi ʻia ka papahele me ka wahī, mauʻu, pono e hoʻololi ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe laulā o kahi lumi pākahi e lawa pono e lawe i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule. ʻO ka mālama ʻana me ke kūlana hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā kūlana hoʻomaʻemaʻe kahi mea nui no ka pono o nā holoholona. ʻAʻole makemake nā lio i nā pilau pungent, nā kikoo, nā hoʻololi o ka mahana, a me ka wai i loko o ka lumi.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Ma mua o ke kenekulia 20, hana nui ka hānau ʻana o nā lio Karachai a māʻona ia i nā pono o Rūsia no ka lawe ukana a me nā pono koa. Akā ua alakaʻi nā hanana kipi i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā holoholona. Ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ke kūlana me ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi pā kula stud ma kahi o Kislovodsk.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka lāhui North Caucasian e ka momona maikaʻi - kahi manawa hānau lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau makahiki. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi moʻolelo e kahi wahine kāne 24 makahiki i hānau he 21 mau keiki kāne. Wahi a nā helu helu mai nā māla stud, a hiki i ka 90% o Karachai mares ke hiki ke hāpai mau.
Mai ʻApelila a Kepakemapa, ʻae ʻia nā lio e hele me nā kāne. Hānau hānau nā lio me ke kōkua ʻole o nā mea hoʻohua. No ʻeono mau mahina, ʻaʻole hiki ke kaʻawale nā foals me ko lākou makuahine, a laila hoʻouna ʻia lākou i ka pā holoholona.
Hoʻokumu ka crossbreeding me nā mea hoʻohua holoholo purebred i nā keiki e mālama i nā ʻano kū hoʻokahi o nā lio Karachai, ʻoiai e hōʻike ana i kahi kūwaho maikaʻi o ka lāhui. Hāʻawi nā kūlana hale maikaʻi i nā holoholona me kahi ola lōʻihi, ma kahi o 30 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha.
Kumukūʻai
Ma ka mākeke lio, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i ka lio o ka pua Karachai mai nā mea hānai lio ponoʻī, ma nā māla stud ma Lūkia. Aia ke kumu kūʻai i nā kumu he nui.
- lole komo holoholona;
- makahiki;
- papahele;
- ʻike kino;
- nā kūlana olakino;
- moʻokūʻauhau;
- waeʻano, kumu.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i kahi hoʻopili o ka pua Karachai no ka mahiʻai no 50-75 tausani rubles. ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka lāhui no nā hana hōʻike, nā kumu kūʻai he 150,000 - 300,000 rubles. Ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi keiki lio mai kahi mahiā hānau, he mea nui e hāʻawi i ka holoholona i ka inoa kapakapa kūpono e like me nā hiʻohiʻona kūikawā e hōʻike ana i ka moʻokūʻauhau. Kapa ʻia ka inoa o nā lio haʻuki me nā kikoʻī o ka hui. Kaulana inoa kapakapa o nā lio Karachai: ʻO Borey, Arsenal, Absinthe, Ash, Roll, Thundertorm, Turquoise, etc.
He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kahi lio Kabardian a me kahi lio Karachaev
ʻO ka moʻaukala o ka hoʻopuka ʻana o nā ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano a hoʻi i ka wā kahiko loa, kahi e hōʻike ʻia ai nā aʻa o nā kūpuna o nā lio. ʻO ke koho ʻana o nā lio Karachai i lawe ʻia i ka ʻāina mauna e hana i kekahi mau ʻano. Ma nā pāpū ʻo Kabarda, he ʻano like ka hānau ʻana o nā lio Caucasian.
Mai ka 1935, ua hoʻomaka kahi manawa, no nā kumu politika, e pili ana i nā hana repressive e kūʻē i ka poʻe Karachai, ua hoʻomaka ka inoa o nā lio o Kabardian i kapa ʻia ʻo Kabardian. Ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 20 wale nō, hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka inoa mua, akā ʻo ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻoponopono piha ʻana o ka lāhui he ʻumi mau makahiki hou aku. Inā mākou e hoʻohālikelike i nā lio o kēia au, a laila Lio Karachai ma ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kiʻi ma mua o kā Kabardian.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
I ka makahiki 1936, ua komo ka lio o ka lāhui Karachai i ka heihei ma kahi ala paʻakikī loa e pili ana i kahi kuahiwi ma Caucasus. ʻO 47 ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻokūkū. He ʻumikūmālua mau lio Karachai i hele mua mai, e hoʻokahuli ana i nā pass a pau, nā iho ʻana, nā mānoanoa, me ka ʻole o ka luhi kūikawā.
Mahalo i kā lākou hana kupaianaha, ke ʻano, nā lio i komo i nā hoʻolaha o ka pūʻali koa lio Lūkini i ka wā o ke Kaua Russo-Kepanī. Lanakila nā lio Karachaev me nā kānaka iā Elbrus ma 1996. Piʻi ʻo Horses Ginger, Khurzuk, ʻo Daur ma luna o ka glacier i ka piko o ka mauna me kahi ukana nui.
Ua hōʻoia nā holoholona i ka hiki kolosal o ka lāhui, kā lākou hoʻolaʻa ʻana i ka lawelawe ʻana i ka poʻe. Kēlā me kēia hōʻikeʻike o nā lio karachai hōʻiliʻili i nā mea hoʻohui maoli o ka lāhui e hōʻike i nā lunamaka hānau maikaʻi loa, nā kuʻuna hanau lio.
