ʻAʻole paha i lohe nā lawaiʻa i ka iʻa laha ʻole e like me carp. ʻIke ʻia ia i nā wai o nā kai ʻekolu o ko mākou ʻāina - ʻEleʻele, Azov a me Caspian. ʻOi aku ka pololei, ma ka waha o nā kahawai a me nā ʻāpala e kahe ana i loko o kēia mau kai. No ka ʻohana carp ka Carp, he iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia me ka wai hou.
Hōʻike i ka genus o roach. Ua koho ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Novy Oskol i kēia iʻa no ke kiʻi ma ke kapa kila, ʻoiai i loaʻa mua ma laila i ka nui. I kēia manawa aia i loko o ka Red Book of Russia i ka mahele "kūlana ʻaʻole i wehewehe ʻia." Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo ia i ka International Red Book.
I ka makahiki 2007, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻihoʻi a me ka hana hou ʻana o kēia iʻa ma ke kumu o ka hānai iʻa Medveditsky. Koho ʻia ia no kēia kumu, no ka mea aia ia ma kahi kokoke i nā kahua hana hānai maoli no ka carp.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Iʻa Carp nui. I ka lōʻihi hiki ke ulu a 75 cm, a kaupaona i 6-8 kg. Ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ke kino, mānoanoa iki ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao. Ma waho ua like ia me kahi bar oblong. Kūmūmū ka waha, poepoe. Palahalaha ka lae, kuni. He hina hina ke kua a me ke poʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo iki, ʻāhinahina nā ʻaoʻao, keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū.
ʻOkoʻa ia mai ka roach e kahi nui unahi o nā unahi ma ka laina ʻaoʻao lōʻihi loa (hiki iā ʻoe ke helu a he 65 unahi i ka lālani hoʻokahi) a me kahi ʻauʻau ʻauʻau pīhoihoi, elongated me ka pīhoihoi i hope o hope. ʻEʻeleʻele nā lau o ke kua, hina ke koena.
Hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻia ka huelo, forked a ʻeleʻele hoʻi i ke kala. Liʻiliʻi nā maka, akā nani wale nō, "kulu" ʻeleʻele i nā kaula kala. Puka iki ka iwi ā luna ma luna o ka lalo. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Carp ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kona mau niho pharyngeal ikaika loa a ʻoi, hiki iā lākou ke ʻoki a ʻokiʻoki paha i kekahi mea.
ʻO nā kāne e komo ana i ka muliwai no ka hānau ʻana uhi ʻia me nā tubercles epithelial cone-shaped. ʻO ka maʻamau ʻoki ma ke kiʻi ke nānā aku me he kumu kālā laulā o kahi iʻa. ʻO kona unahi me ka sheen metallic e moe akāka a kaulike hoʻi, e ʻōlinolino nā ʻaoʻao me ka ʻōlinolino hou, a ʻeleʻele iki ke kua, e like me ke kālā ʻeleʻele. Kahi hoʻohālikelike no ka heraldry.
Nā ʻano
ʻElua wale nā ʻāpana o Carp:
1. ʻO wau iho nō carp, noho i ke kiaha o ke kai ʻEleʻele a me Azov.
2. ʻO ka lua ʻo Kutum, ka mea e noho ana i ke kai Caspian, ma ka ʻaoʻao hema. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēia ʻano i ka nui a me ke kaumaha. Akā ʻo ia ka Caspian Kutum, ʻo ia paha ka mua o ka carp Black Sea-Azov. Makemake i ka wai paʻakai māmā a me ka wai hou. ʻO 40-45 knm ka nui, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o 70 knm. ʻO ke kaupaona a 5 kg, ʻoiai e ulu ana nā mea maʻamau i 7 kg.
He iʻa kālepa ʻo Kutum ma mua i ʻohiʻohi ʻia ma kahi pālākiō ʻoihana. I kēia manawa ua emi nui kāna heluna kanaka. ʻO ke kumu o ka haumia o ke kaiapuni a me ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma muli o ka caviar waiwai. I kēia manawa ua hopu ʻia ia ma kahakai o ke kai Caspian ma ka moku ʻo Azerbaijan, a ma ke kahawai ʻo Kura.
ʻO ka carp a me ka kutum i manaʻo ʻia he iʻa anadromous, ʻoiai he ʻano noho lākou. ʻO ka iʻa anadromous ka mea e lilo i ka hapa o ko lākou pōʻaiapuni i ke kai, a ʻo kekahi i nā kahawai e kahe ana i loko. ʻO nā iʻa noho ka mea i koho i hoʻokahi ʻano loko iʻa no ko lākou wahi noho a me nā ʻano a pau o ke ola.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa kēia mau ʻano ʻelua i ka nui a me nā wahi like ʻole o ke ola, akā i ke ala hoʻi o ka hanau keiki ʻana. Hoʻopuka ka kutum Caspian i nā hua i loko o ka wai e pili ana i nā mea kanu a i ʻole nā aʻa kumulāʻau, a metikoki ka carp, hua wale ia ma ka muliwai me nā pōhaku a me nā ʻiliʻili a aloha i ke kahe wikiwiki.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻO ke one hānau o ke kāhola i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke kai Caspian. Mai laila mai ia e pālahalaha aku ai i nā Kai Azov a me nā Kai ʻEleʻele. ʻO Carp i ka Volga kākaʻikahi. ʻO ka pinepine i ka puna, me nā kula o ka iʻa hala - bream, roach, a pēlā aku. Akā ʻaʻole ia i piʻi i luna ma kahawai.
ʻAʻole loa ia e hele i loko o ka muliwai Ural. ʻO ke kumu o kēia, ʻo ka lohi paha o kēia mau kahawai. A koho kā mākou ʻauʻau i nā kahawai wikiwiki me kahi papa pōhaku a me ka wai anuanu. He paʻakikī hoʻi ke ʻike iā ia i ka Dnieper a i nā manawa he nui o nā lālā, ʻaʻole ia e hele i luna o nā kahawai. Ua koho ʻo ia i kekahi o nā lālā o ka Dnieper, e like me ka Desna a me Svisloch, kahi e wikiwiki ai ke au.
Akā ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo ia ma ka Dniester, Bug a me Don. Carp i ka muliwai Don kū pinepine, hiki i Voronezh. Hiki iā ia ke nānā i nā mea kōkua - ka Udu a me Oskol, akā ua manaʻo ʻia he iʻa laha ʻole ma aneʻi. Eia nō naʻe, e like me ka Kuban.
Kamaʻāina nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ma waho o Rūsia iā ia. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo Azerbaijan, Iraq, Iran, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Moldova, Turkey, Turkmenistan. Akā ma laila ʻo ia i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo "kutum". ʻAʻole lawa ke aʻo ʻia ʻana, ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia kona ʻano o ke ola. ʻO ka hapa nui ma muli o ka mea he iʻa anadromous mau.
A i kēia manawa, eia kekahi, lilo ia i mea laha ʻole. Mālama ia i nā pūʻā ma kahakai, i ke kai ākea a i nā muliwai muliwai. I ka hopena o ke kauwela a i ʻole ke kau mua, komo ʻo ia i nā kahawai i kahi kiʻekiʻe iki aʻe, spawns, hoʻolilo i ka hoʻoilo ma aneʻi a hoʻi mai. Hoʻohanohano ʻia ʻo ia e ka makaʻu, akahele a me ka wikiwiki.
Meaʻai kūpono
Heʻuʻuku ka papa ʻaina, hānai ia i nā pūpū, nā ilo a me nā kolo. ʻO nā crustacea liʻiliʻi, nā lele, nā dragonflies, a me nā mea kolo wai i hiki ke hopu. Hilahila loa kēia iʻa, hana i nā neʻe a kani paha. Ma kahi e ʻike ʻia ai kahi pilikia, ʻaʻole paha e ʻike ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi.
ʻO ia ke kumu i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai ka moʻomeheu ʻimi holoholona e ka ʻike kuʻuna kūikawā. Hele pinepine ka iʻa kolo i ka hopu holoholona i ke kakahiaka nui a i ʻole ka pō. Hana ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa i kahi hohonu kūpono. ʻAʻole piʻi i luna. Hoʻomaʻo pinepine ka carp ʻaʻole e hoʻokokoke i ka wai me ka pono ʻole. A ʻo ia hoʻi no ka hanau keiki ʻana, koho ʻo ia i nā wahi hou o ke kai no kāna "lumi kuke" a i ʻole hele i ka muliwai.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Mākaukau ka carp no ka hānau ʻana i ka makahiki 4-5. I kēia manawa, ua oʻo ʻo ia i ka moekolohe. Ua piʻi ka nui i 40cm. Komo ʻo ia i ka muliwai, koho i nā wahi me ka wai wikiwiki a maʻemaʻe. Ma ke ala, pono ka mahana o ka wai ma mua o 14 º. Makemake ʻo ia i ka wai anuanu. Pono e loaʻa nā pōhaku a me nā ʻiliʻili i lalo. Hiki i ka manawa spawning i ka puna a me ke kauwela.
Ma mua o ka pili aloha, lilo ka carp kāne kāne i mea nani loa. Loaʻa i kāna mau finina i kahi aniani ʻalani a nani. ʻO ia iho ua "kāhiko ʻia" me nā tubercles paʻakikī. Hoʻopili kēia mau mea āpau i ka ipo wahine. Ma hope o nā pāʻani moena, lawe ʻo ia i kona helehelena mua, ʻaʻole pono kēia nani iā ia.
Ma ke ala, i hoʻokahi manawa ua manaʻo ʻia no kēia kumu wale nō kēia mau tubercles ma ke kino kiʻekiʻe o ke kāne e pono ai. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻololi ʻia ʻaʻole nā mea ulu wale no ka nani. "Polohi" ʻo ia i ka papa o ka pōhaku me lākou, kahi e waiho ai ka makuahine e manaʻo nei i kāna mau hua, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā ia i nā haole a me ka lepo.
A laila hoʻomaka ka hoa e ʻānai nui i kēia wahi, i kekahi manawa ʻeha iā ia iho. ʻEkolu mau keonimana o kēlā me kēia wahine i kēia manawa. Hoʻāʻo lākou āpau e kōkua iā ia i ka momona, ʻaʻole hoʻi i hoʻohoka ʻia e ka meaʻai. ʻO nā mea āpau a ma ka huli e kaomi ikaika iā ia i ka pōhaku me ke kōkua o nā ulu. Momona loa ʻo Carp, i ka manawa hoʻokahi hiki iā lākou ke kau i nā hua he 150,000.
ʻOkoʻa iki ka spawning ma Kutum. Hana ʻia ka hana hou i loko o ka wai me ka ʻole o ke kahe, a i ʻole me ka holo lohi. ʻAʻole pili ka lepo. Waiho ʻia nā larvae ma kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke hopu - ma nā pōhaku, i nā ʻohe ʻohe. Ola ʻo Carp ma kahi o 10-12 mau makahiki. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia kekahi poʻe i ola i 20 mau makahiki.
Hopu
ʻOi aku ka ʻiʻo a me ka caviar o ka carp a me ka kutum a ʻoi aku ka waiwai ma mua o ka roach. nolaila lawaiʻa kāpae kolohe loa, ʻoiai kaupalena ʻia. He paʻakikī paʻakikī kēia leʻaleʻa ma muli o ke akahele loa. Inā hoʻoweliweli ʻoe iā ia, mai manaʻo iā ia e hoʻi wikiwiki i kēia wahi. ʻAʻole paha ʻo ia e hele ma laila a mau lā, ʻoiai inā kūpono nā mea āpau iā ia ma laila.
ʻOiai he peʻa ʻo ia o nā "ʻauʻau" maikaʻi, pono e hopu ʻia ʻo ia i kahi hohonu kūpono. Ma muli o kēia, luhi loa ka hana lawaiʻa. ʻO ka pinepine, hopu ʻia kēia iʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lana a i ʻole nā pono o lalo. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka carp (kutum) e ka nahu pinepine a me ka paʻakikī paʻakikī ke pāʻani ʻana.
Lawe mākou i nā mea lana e pili ana i kāu ʻike lawaiʻa a me nā kūlana lawaiʻa. No ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ke kapakai, e lawe i nā koʻokoʻo lawaiʻa he 5-6 m ka nui. Mālama nui ʻo Carp a me ke kaʻina, pono pono nā hoʻololi kūikawā. Mai poina e pili ana i ka hānai ʻana a me ka maunu, he mea nui lākou i ka hopu ʻana i kēia iʻa.
No ka lawaiʻa lalo, hōʻike mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka hoʻohana ʻana o kahi mea hānai - English tackle tackle. He lawaiʻa kēia me nā mea hānai. E hoʻopau lākou i ka hapalua o ka pilikia o ka neʻe ʻana i ka lawaiʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokō i ka hānai ʻana i kahi, kahi e kōkua ai iā ʻoe e ʻohiʻohi i kahi pio ma kahi wahi wikiwiki. Ke holoi ʻia ka hānai mai ke pā, kolo ʻo ia ma lalo, e hana ana i kahi groundbait.
Nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka lawaiʻa ʻana:
- ʻO ka mea mua loa - ma mua o kou hopu ʻana i kēia iʻa, e ʻike inā hiki ke hopu ʻia i kēia māhele. Mai poina, he kūlana ko ka iʻa kiaʻi.
- He aha e hopu carp - e nānā me nā lawaiʻa kūloko ma mua. ʻO ka pinepine, nahu ʻo ia i nā pūpū, nā ilo, ʻōpae, ʻiʻo a me ka ʻāʻī o ka crayfish.
- No ka lawaiʻa ʻana, koho i nā wahi mehameha, maʻemaʻe ka wai, nui nā pōhaku e pono. Maikaʻi inā aia nā eddies liʻiliʻi.
- Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā ʻāpana palaoa a i ʻole ka ʻiʻo pūpū e like me ka maunu. E hoʻolei i ka groundbait no kekahi mau lā, a i ʻole i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻoi aku i ka pō a i ke ahiahi paha.
- No ka lawaiʻa ʻōpala, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā koʻokoʻo carp. Lawe wale i kahi laina lōʻihi, ʻaʻole ʻoe e hopu iā ia kokoke i ke kahakai. Ua lawa nā koʻokoʻo lawaiʻa ʻelua no ka lawaiʻa ʻana.
- Hele i ka lawaiʻa i ke kakahiaka, i ke ahiahi a i ʻole i ka pō. I ka lā, peʻe ka carp.
- Inā kau ʻoe i ka makau, huli koke ia. Mai hoʻokuʻu iā ia e "hele wāwae i ka laina". Pāʻani nui ʻo ia, e ʻāwīwī ʻo ia. E hoʻāʻo e hoʻokele i ke koʻokoʻo.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
- Ua aʻo mākou e pili ana i ka kutum mai ka hana liʻiliʻi a V. Vysotsky "Story about Kutum". Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hana holoʻokoʻa ma ka moʻolelo o kahi ʻelemākule Azerbaijan pehea e hopu ai a kuke ai i ka kutum. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo Vysotsky i kēia moʻolelo i kona wā ma Lankaran i ka makahiki 1970, iā mākou i kahi ʻāina aloha nui. ʻO Kutum, i nā huaʻōlelo a kahi kamaʻāina hikina ʻelemakule, "ʻoi aku ka ʻono ma mua o ke kanakē."
- Ma ka Teritori Krasnodar, ma ka muliwai Khosta, kapa ʻia ka ʻoki he "keʻokeʻo" ma muli o kona hue kālā. Hopu lākou iā ia i kēlā mau wahi no ke kulina, ka tī i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, ka ʻiʻi manu, ka palaoa a me ka palolo. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i ka manawa ke komo ʻo ia i ka wai lohi. Maʻaneʻi, haʻahaʻa loa kāna hana, ʻaʻole nahu wale ia.
- I ʻIrana, hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka kutum no nā malihini aloha nui wale; nui nā ʻano ʻohana a ka ʻohana no ka kuke ʻana i ka iʻa a lākou e mālama ai no ka manawa lōʻihi. Hoʻohana maʻamau kekahi o nā meaʻai i nā ʻohana he nui. ʻO kahi kīʻaha i kapa ʻia ʻo "Stuffed Fish" a i ʻole "Balyg Lyavyangi". Hoʻopiha ʻia ke kino o ka iʻa i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me ka ʻiʻo mīkī, kahi e piha ai nā hua, nā mea kanu, ka pepa, ka paʻakai. Hāʻawi i ka plum cherry overripe, nā aniani ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā lihi i kahi ʻono kūikawā. Koho ʻia nā greens ʻala - cilantro, dill. Hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he pāʻina hoʻolauleʻa kuʻuna ma Novruz Bayram.
- Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Kutum he iʻa hoʻomana ma Azerbaijan. ʻO Pilaf, kahi ʻano o nā ipu wela a me nā omelet (kyukyu) i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai ia mea. Puhi pū ʻia nō ia, hoʻopiha ʻia me nā lauʻai a wahī ʻia i nā lau fiku. Kāhea ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i kēia pā "Lick i kou manamana lima!"
