ʻElua inoa maʻamau o kēia ʻohana. guidak and panopea. Ua hele mai ka mea mua mai nā Nisquali Indians a ke ʻano o ka ʻeli hohonu ʻana. ʻO ka inoa lua mai ka inoa ʻōnaehana Latina no ka mollusk - Panopea.
He helehelena kupaianaha ko ka guidak. Hoʻohālikelike ka Kina iā ia i ka kumu o ka ʻelepani. Hoʻohui ka heluna kanaka o ka Hikina Hema iā panopea me ka meaʻai wale nō. ʻO ka helu nui loa o nā iʻa i hopu ʻia ma kahakai o Kanada ma ke Kai Kūʻono ʻo Alaska, a ʻai nui ʻia ia ma Kina a me Iapana.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO Guidak ka mea nui o nā bollve bivalve molluscs āpau. ʻO nā kope e kaupaona ana mai 0.5 a 1 kg ʻaʻole maʻamau. ʻO nā mea kaupaona he 7 kg. Giikat guidak Loaʻa iā ia kahi lōʻihi siphon a i 2 m. Hoʻomaka ke kaʻina siphon ma ke kua o ka mollusk, no laila e kūpono i ka inoa o ka huelo.
ʻO ke kaupaona nui o ka guidak a me ka noho mau wale nō ka mea i pōmaikaʻi i ka mollusc. ʻO kēia invertebrate kekahi o nā mea ola lōʻihi loa ma ka honua. I ke ola ʻana he 140 mau makahiki ka mea maʻamau no ka panopea.
Ua loaʻa i nā kānaka ʻepekema kahi ate lōʻihi - guidaka a ʻike i kona mau makahiki. Ua hala kēia mollusk i nā makahiki 168 i kanu ʻia i ka lepo. Ua hiki i ke kamaʻāina kai ke hoʻokō i nā hopena ma muli o ke ʻano haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa i ka metabolism, a me ka hiki ke hūnā mai nā mea ʻaihue.
ʻO Guidak ma ke kiʻi pūʻiwa me kāna mea kahaha - he siphon. Hoʻopili kēia ʻāpana o ke kino i ka ʻahu o ka guidak me ka honua i waho me kahi paipu. ʻOi pololei, ʻelua mau paipu o ka guidak i ka siphon. Hana hoʻokahi ma ka puka komo: hoʻolauna. Hāʻawi ka mea ʻē i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala: outlet.
Ma o ka siphon komo, komo ka wai i ke kino o ka mollusk. Holoi i kāna gills, hiki i nā waha o ka waha. Ma nā pahi o ka guidak he mau ʻāpilikia ʻae e ʻae iā ia e ʻike i nā huna ʻai i ke kahawai. Hāpai nā gills o ka mollusk i ka hoʻololi kinoea wale nō. Komo lākou i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻai a me ka ʻai ʻole.
Hoʻouna ʻia nā mea ʻai i ka waha, mai kahi a lākou e komo ai i loko o ka ʻōpū ma o ka esophagus. He ʻōpū ko ka guidak kahi e pau ai ke kaʻina digestion. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea āpau ke komo i ke kino o kahi guidak ke hoʻopili ʻia e kona kino. Hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā mea neoneo a ʻai ʻole ʻia, pū me ke kahe o ka wai ʻōpala, ma o ka paipu kūwaha siphon.
ʻO Guidak kahi mollusc bivalve. Akā nui kona kino ʻaʻole kūpono i loko o ka pūpū. ʻO nā pāpale pūpū nā kihi ākea. ʻO lākou ka nui like a paʻa pū ʻia me ka ligament elast. ʻAʻole hiki i nā lau ke pani a hoʻokō hapa wale i kā lākou kuleana pale.
Ka pūpū ʻoaka, e like me nā bivalves āpau, nā papa: periostracum, prismatic a me nacreous. ʻO Periostracum kahi ʻano lahilahi o waho o ka conchiolin meaola kūlohelohe. I loaʻa i loko o ka epithelium, ka mea e uhi ʻaʻole wale ka pūpū, akā ʻo ka ʻaukā hoʻi a me ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa o ka siphon.
ʻO ka ʻahuʻula, ʻo ia nā ʻaoʻao hema a me ka ʻākau, hui pū ma ka ʻaoʻao mua, e hana ana i kahi muscular organ, ka "ʻōpū" o ka guidak. Hoʻohui ʻia, hui pū ka ʻahu me ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa, ventral o ka siphon. Hoʻokahi wale nō puka i ka ʻahuʻula - ʻo kēia ke ala no ka wāwae o ka pāpaʻi.
Nā ʻano
ʻO ka inoa piha o ka mollusk ʻo Pacific guidak. Hoʻokomo ʻia ia i ka mea hoʻohālikelike olaola ma lalo o ka inoa Panopea generosa. ʻO ia ka lunamakaʻāinana kaulana loa o ka genus Panopea, nona nā ʻano 10. ʻO ka laulā maʻamau o ka genus kahi fragmentary: mai ke komohana ʻākau o Kanada a i New Zealand.
- Panopea generosa - pacific guidak... ʻO kēia ke ʻano o nā iʻa i hōʻike ʻia ke haʻi ʻia ka inoa "guidak".
- Panopea pōkā - guidak hema... Noho ia i loko o ka wai ʻAkelanika e pili kokoke ana i nā kapakai o ʻAtenitina, ke kai i kapa ʻia ʻo ʻAtinaina. Loaʻa nā liʻiliʻi o ka mollusk: ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o 15 cm, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 1.3 kg.
- ʻO Panopea australis kahi hopena o ka wai kahakai ʻo Australia. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kahi mollusk mākua ma kahi o 18 cm.
- Panopea bitruncata - ʻAkelanika guidak... Loaʻa ma ke Kai Kūʻono ʻo Mekiko.
- Panopea globos - ʻO Cortac Cortez... Ua manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻano mea he hopena i ke kahawai ʻo Mexico. I kēia mau lā, ua loaʻa nā ichthyologists ma kahakai o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Baja Kaleponi ma ka Moana Pākīpika.
- Panopea glycimeris - loaʻa i ke Kai Kaiwaenahonua, ma waho o ke kahakai ʻAkelanika o Pokukala.
- Panopea japonica - Kepania kai guidak... Noho ma nā wahi pāpaʻu o ke kai o Iapana, ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke kai o Okhotsk.
- Panopea smithae - Ua haku ka mollusk i ka wai e pili ana iā Nūhōlani. Maliʻa paha, ʻokoʻa ko lākou ʻohana, hiki iā lākou ke hui ma kahi hohonu loa.
- Panopea zelandica - ʻO New Zealand guidak... Noho i ka wai kai o nā mokupuni ʻo New Zealand. Hiki ke loaʻa ma waho o ke kapakai o Stewart Island.
Ma waho aʻe o ka panopea e ola nei, pili kēia genus ma kahi o 12-13 mau ʻano luku. Hāʻule pinepine nā pūpū a me nā koena o kēia mau molluscs i nā lima o nā paleontologists i ke kūlana maikaʻi, i hiki ke hoʻoholo pololei i kā lākou ʻano.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Ua hala i ka pae larval, kau ka mollusk ma ka honua a hoʻomaka e hana ma ke ʻano he mākua. Kāhea ʻia kēia ka wā kaʻawale. I ka hopena o ka lua o ka makahiki, hiki i ka guidak ka nui o nā mākua a kanu i kahi hohonu like, ma kahi o 90 cm.
Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Guidak a i ʻole Panopea i kahi nohona kūpaʻa. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau ia i ka wai, unuhi ʻana i ka oxygen a me nā mea ʻai e pono ai no ke ola mai ia. Me ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo, huli ia i ka spawning, kahi e paʻa ai a hiki i ke kau waena o ke kauwela.
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia pehea e ʻike ai ka guidak i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o kahi mea ʻino. I kēia hihia, ke makemake nei e hūnā maikaʻi i ka mollusk mai nā paipu ʻelua o ka siphon e hoʻomaka e pīpī i ka wai. Ma muli o ka ikaika hana hou, hūnā ia i ka siphon a kanu loa ʻia i ka lepo.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻO ke kumu o ka papaʻai a guidak ʻo fitoplankton, nā diatoms mua a me nā dinoflagellates. ʻO nā Diatoms nā meaola pūnaewele hoʻokahi. ʻO Dinoflagellates a i ʻole dinophytes nā monad unicellular. He mau mea nui lāua ʻelua i ka plankton.
Mai ka wā ma mua o Columbian, ʻo ka guidak iho ka meaʻai no ka heluna kanaka kūloko. ʻO nā ʻĀina ʻona nā ʻohana: Chinook, hūnōna wahine a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma nā makahiki 30-40 i hala iho nei, ua ulu ka hoihoi i ka guidak mai ka ʻole a i ka pā o kahi ʻoihana koʻikoʻi.
A hiki i kēia manawa, ua kiʻi wale ʻia nā guidaks e ka hopu ʻana i nā mollusks i hiki i ke oʻo ʻana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. ʻAʻole ia he kaʻina maʻalahi e pili ana i nā mea ʻokoʻa. Luku ʻia ʻo Guidaki e ka lima hoʻokahi. He aha ka mea e pipiʻi ai ka lawaiʻa shellfish.
ʻO nā mea hoʻohihi nui o nā kīʻaha i hana ʻia mai nā iʻa pūnana kānalua ʻole ka Kepanī. Ua ʻono lākou i ka guidaka. Ua hāʻawi lākou iā ia i ka inoa ʻo Mirukui. Mamuli o ka Kepani ʻono ʻoka mahalo ʻia e ka poʻe Kina. Hoʻomaka ka makemake o ka shellfish e ulu wikiwiki.
ʻO ka lawaiʻa ʻana ua lilo ia i mea waiwai. E like me ka hanana i loko o ia mau hihia, ua hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻolilo kālā. ʻO ka hānau hānai ka mea nui e hōʻemi ai i nā kumukūʻai lawaiʻa. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka māla shellfish.
Ma kahakai, i ke kai eʻe, kanu nā paipu he nui ʻole. Kanu ʻia kahi larva guidak i kēlā me kēia. Hāʻawi ka wai kūpikipiki i ka ʻai me ka meaʻai, a hōʻailona ka paipu plastic i kona wahi a pale i ka ʻohā mai ka holoi ʻia i ke kai e nā nalu haki.
Ke kali nei nō ia. ʻAʻole wikiwiki ʻo Guidak. Akā ma hope o 2-3 mau makahiki, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻiliʻili i nā pūhiu nui. ʻO ka kūleʻa o ka hopu ʻana a me ka hānai ʻana i nā guidaks i hoʻoikaika i ka poʻe o Nūhōlani. ʻO kekahi ʻano e pili ana, ʻo Panopea zelandica, noho ma kahakai o Nūhōlani. Ma ka liʻuliʻu, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻokūkū me ka Pākīpika guidak a i ʻole panopea.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
No ka hana kope hou o nā keiki, koi ʻia nā gametes (nā huna hānau) o nā kāne ʻelua. Pono kā lākou launa ʻana no ke hoʻokumu ʻana i nā zygotes - embryos. Akā guidak — pālau kū kau. ʻAʻole haʻalele i kona wahi. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia o nā kāne heterosexual.
Hoʻoholo maʻalahi ʻia ka nīnau. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā hānau, hoʻokuʻu ka guidak, me ka nānā ʻole i kāna moekolohe, i nā hunaola hānau i loko o ke kolamu wai. No hoʻokahi kenekulia o ke ola, ka wahine panopea, he guidak hoʻi ia, e pīpī ma kahi o hoʻokahi biliona mau wahine hānau keiki. Ehia mau kāne e hana ai ma mua o ka helu ʻana.
I ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo, me ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ka wai, hoʻomaka ka wā hānau o nā guidaks. Hāʻule kona piko i Mei-Iune a pau i Iulai. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻokuʻu nā kāne i kā lākou mau hunaola i loko o ka wai. Hana nā wahine i ko lākou helehelena. Hana lākou ma kahi o 5 miliona mau hua. Noho nā wahine ma kahi o 10 mau hanauna i hoʻokahi kau.
ʻO ka mea mua e kū i kahi hua manu i hoʻopau ʻia i kahi wai wai ka hoʻoulu a hui ʻana paha me kahi sperm. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka likelihood o kēia, akā kū ka fertilization.
Ma hope o 6-12 mau hola mai ka zygote, ka hui ʻana o nā pūnaewele hānau wahine a me nā kāne, ʻike ʻia kahi trochophora - ka larva lana mua o ka guidak. I nā hola 24–96, ulu ka trochophora i veliger a i mokuahi holo moku paha. Holo nā larva o ka moana me nā zooplankton ʻē aʻe.
Ma hope o 2-10 mau lā, hele ka larva i kahi mokuʻāina hou, i kapa ʻia ʻo pediveliger, hiki ke unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he larva me ka wāwae. ʻO ia, i kēia manawa, hoʻomohala ka embryo o ka mollusk i kahi wāwae.
ʻAʻole mahalo kēia ʻōpū e like me ka siphon. I ka mollusk makua, ʻaneʻane ʻike ʻole ʻia. Kapa ʻia ʻo Guidaks ma ke ʻano he pelecypods no ke ʻano o ko lākou mau wāwae. ʻO kēia inoa - Pelecypoda - hiki ke unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he kapakū. ʻO ka wāwae ia, ke hana nei i nā neʻe kuʻikahi, e hōʻoia i ka pani ʻana o ka guidak.
Eia hou, kū ka metamorphosis - kū ka larva i lalo a hānau hou ʻia i mollusk ʻōpio. ʻO kāna hana mua i kahi mana hou ke kanu ʻana. Ma hope wale nō, hoʻonui nui ʻia nā manawa o ke ola no ka guidak.
ʻAʻole i koho ka guidaki i ke ʻano hānau ulu pono loa. ʻO ka nui o nā gametes i hana ʻia ʻaʻole hana iki e hoʻoponopono i ka mea. ʻAʻole nānā maikaʻi nā pae o ke ola i nā embryos larval. Akā ke hoʻomau nei ke kaʻina hana kope. Hoʻomaulia ʻia kona wikiwiki i kahi ala maʻalahi.
Kākoʻo ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka moana. Heluhelu nā poʻe malihini i ka nui o nā guidaks e noho i kēia wahi. Hoʻonui ʻia ka helu hopena e 20% - e pili ana i ka nui o nā iʻa i lele ʻia i ka wā o ka helu. Ua ʻae ʻia nā ʻoihana kalepa e ʻohiʻohi i 2% o ka helu o nā guidak e noho ana i kēia wahi.
Heluhelu ʻia ka helu o nā iʻa iʻa i ka wahi i kāohi ʻia. I kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi, akā paʻakikī ʻole, ua hoʻololi ʻia he 39 mau makahiki no ka hiʻohiʻona o kahi mea like i kahi o ka mea i hopu ʻia. Eia hou, no nā ʻepekema, ʻo nā guidaks kekahi mea e like me nā mea kākau perennial. Pane ka mokuʻāina o ko lākou kino a me nā pūpū i nā nīnau biochemical he nui.
Noho ʻo Guidaki ma kahi o 100 mau makahiki. Hūnā maikaʻi lākou mai nā mea ʻino: hoʻokele a me kekahi mau hōkū kai e hoʻokele iā lākou. ʻAʻole pilikia pilikia. Akā ua koho lākou i kahi ʻano hānau kūpono ʻole. Kūlohelohe ka kūlohelohe e mālama i ke kaulike i nā mea āpau.
Kumukūʻai
ʻO nā lawaiʻa ʻōiwi mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada e kālepa aku i kēia waiwai kūwaho i ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Pau ka Kepaka i ka guidaka me kahi makemake kūikawā, mai kāpae ka poʻe Kina ma hope o lākou. ʻO nā poʻe ʻEulopa, nā Australians, e ʻimi nei e hoʻopau i nā meaʻai o ke kai, ua hui pū me nā kīʻaha shellfish.
Ma mua o ka makahiki hou o Kina, ke noi nei nā mea hoʻopuka i $ 15 no ka paona, a i ʻole 454 gram. I kahi manawa mālie, hoʻokuʻu aku kumukuai guidak ʻelua manawa haʻahaʻa. I Lūkia, hāʻawi nā hale kūʻai iʻa iʻa kūikawā i kēia pūpū no ma kahi o 2700 rubles. no ka kg, e hoʻolaha ana ma ke ʻano he meaʻai maikaʻi loa nā iʻa iʻa.
ʻAʻole mākaukau iki kahi mea ʻono e like me ka maʻalahi o kēia ipu shellfish. Pinepine ʻai ʻo guidaka maka. ʻO ia, ʻoki lākou i ka siphon o ka ʻiʻo a ʻai ia. Hana pinepine nā poʻe Kōlea i kēia, eia naʻe, hoʻomoʻa iā ia me ka chili sauce. Hoʻonani ʻia ka poʻe Kepanī me ka hua soy a me ka wasabi ma kahi ʻāpana maka o ka guidaka. Ua huli sashimi.
Ua hoʻomākaukau mua nā ʻōiwi ʻAmelika i ka guidaka ma ke ʻano like me ka ʻai. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka clam siphon, ʻokiʻoki i mau ʻāpana. ʻO nā ʻāpana o ka mollusk e kuʻi ʻia a palai ʻia i ka aila, ka paʻakai mua, a me ka pepa ma mua o ka mākaukau. Hāʻawi ʻia ke kīʻaha me ka ʻakaʻakai.
Loaʻa i nā kīʻaha Clam kahi ʻono pungent a me kahi ʻano crunchy. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe aloha iā Guidak ʻaʻole lākou e uku no ka huahana olakino a momona wale nō, akā, no kekahi mau waiwai lāʻau, ʻoi aku ka waiwai no nā kāne. Aia ke kumu o kēia hilinaʻi i ke ʻano o ka pāpaʻi.
