Mīkini lele - ka laha maʻamau, ʻāpana o ka ʻohana stingray ʻohana. ʻO kona inoa generic ka ocellated stingray. Noho i nā kahawai ʻo ʻAmelika Hema: Amazon, Parana, Orinoco a me nā lālā o lākou. He mea ia o ka lawaiʻa palena ʻana a hoihoi ia i nā aquarist.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka pali o ka ocellated i ka 1 m. ʻO ka diski, i hoʻokumu ʻia mai nā fector pectoral, aneane puni, ʻo kona ākea e hōʻea i 0.5 m. ʻO ka luna he convex, heʻe ʻO ka mea kaulike wale nā maka i hāpai ʻia ma luna o ke kua, ma hope o laila ka squirt - nā lua no ka huki ʻana i ka wai i loko o nā kaila.
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka diski i kala ʻia i nā aniani o ka brown a me ka hina. Nui nā kiko melemele-ʻalani, hoʻopuni ʻia e nā apo ʻeleʻele, hoʻopuehu ʻia ma ke kua monochromatic. ʻO ke kala, kahi a me ka nui o nā kiko i kēlā me kēia, ʻokoʻa i ka iʻa a iʻa, pili ka leo ākea i ke kala o ka lepo, nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o kahi e noho nei kēia heluna kanaka.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻolālā kala ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele kuʻuna, skat motoro i kiʻi ʻia waihoʻoluʻu pinepine i nā ʻalani alani, polū, a me nā kani kinikini. I kēia manawa aia nā kala i kū ʻole i ke kūlohelohe. Loaʻa iā lākou ma ke ʻano he hopena o nā hoʻokolohua koho.
Mālamalama ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa, ventral o ke kino, ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo. Aia ma luna ona he waha i lako ʻia me nā niho liʻiliʻi, nā puka ihu a me nā wahi ʻūhā. ʻAʻohe peʻa ma ke kua a me ka hiʻu.
ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ka huelo o ka motoro a ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa ma mua o ko nā muliwai ʻē aʻe. Aia kahi kākalaioa ʻino ma kona ʻaoʻao luna. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, i kekahi manawa pinepine pinepine, haki a hoʻomaka kahi mea hou e ulu i kona wahi.
Ma ke aʻa o ke kākalaioa nā gland e hana ana i ka ʻawa. Aia ma ke kākalaioa nā auwaha kahi e hohola ai ka lāʻau make. ʻAʻole mākaukau ke kākalaioa no ka hana. ʻO ka maʻamau, hūnā ʻia ia i ka huelo huelo.
Loaʻa ka dimorphism moekolohe ke nānā wale ʻia mai lalo. Ma kahi kokoke i nā wili anal i nā kāne aia nā ulu, nā genital, kahi e hoʻonāukiuki ʻia ai ka wahine. I nā ʻōpio ʻōpio, he liʻiliʻi kēia mau ʻōnaehana akā ʻano ʻokoʻa.
Nā ʻano
Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia ʻano mai nā mea i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e ka naturalist Austrian ʻo Johannes Natterer ma waena o 1828 a me 1829 i ka muliwai Cuiaba, ma ke kahawai ʻo Parana-Paraguay luna, a me ka muliwai Guaporé, kahi kahawai luna o ka muliwai ʻo Madeira ma ke kahawai Amazon.
Ma hope, ua hōʻike pinepine nā meaolaola i nā kukuna wai hou, i loaʻa nā inoa ʻōnaehana like ʻole. Ua huli lākou āpau i ka stingray i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Ua noho monotypic wale nō ka ʻano, me ka ʻole o nā subspecies, akā ua loaʻa nā manaʻo like.
- ʻO Taeniura motoro, i komo i loko o ka mea kālaiʻike olaola 1841
- ʻO Trygon garrapa - 1843
- ʻO Trygon mulleri - 1855
- Potamotrygon circularis - 1913
- Nā huaʻai Potamotrygon - 1913
- Nā laticeps Paratrygon - 1913
- Potamotrygon pauckei - 1963
- ʻO Potamotrygon alba - 1963
- ʻO Potamotrygon labradori - 1963
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO ka stingray muliwai maʻamau e noho nei i kahi kīʻaha o nā kahawai he nui, e noho nei i nā biotopes he nui mīkini kaʻa hoʻolahalaha. Leopoldi (Potamotrygon leopoldi), kahi ʻano pili o ka stingray, he hopena. Noho wale ma ka muliwai Xingu. ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu nā ʻepekema i ke kumu o ka endemicity a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻole i nā iʻa e pili ana me ka nohona like.
Aloha ʻo stingray ʻo Ocellated i nā ʻae one, nā wai pāpaʻu, nā hui o nā kahawai. I loko o ia mau ʻāpana, paipai ka substrate i kahi ola malū a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. I nā kahawai i kau ʻia, komo ka stingray i nā wahi nahele nāhelehele i kahe. Ma hope o ka heʻe ʻana o ka wai hālana, lilo ia i kaʻawale i loko o nā puddles nui a hana ʻia nā loko.
Ke mālama nei i kahi motika stingray ma ka home lilo i mea makemake nui ʻia. Ua lilo nā aquarium i wahi nohona i koi ʻia. Ua kāohi ʻia nā kukuna wai hou me ke kuleana o nā holoholona. Ua kōkua paha ke kula no kahi noho lōʻihi i ka wai paʻa.
Pono kahi aquarium nui e mālama i kahi storo motoro ma ka home.
Meaʻai kūpono
Predator motuka stingray. ʻO ka mea nui o kā lākou papaʻai nā invertebrates, me nā ilo a me nā crustacea. Hāʻule pū ka iʻa mālama ʻole i ka stingray. ʻO nā stingrays ʻo Ocellated ka iʻa hana. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi helu metabolic kiʻekiʻe. No laila, hāʻawi lākou i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
I ka 2016, Nā Hana o ka Royal Society, kekahi o nā puke pai ʻepekema Pelekane nui, i paʻi ʻia nā hopena o ke aʻo ʻana. Ua loaʻa i nā biologists nā pūpū insit chitinous honua i loko o nā ʻōpū o nā stingray. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā stingray i loko o nā aquarium a hānai ʻia i nā meaʻai palupalu a me nā pūpū i nā pūpū chitinous.
Nānā ʻia ke kaʻina hana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pahupaʻi wikiō. Hana ʻia nā stingray o ka ʻohana i ʻoni ʻia nā neʻe: hoʻoneʻe lākou i ka meaʻai i loko o ka pūpū paʻakikī mai kekahi kihi o ka waha i kahi ʻē aʻe, e luku ana i ka integument paʻakikī me ko lākou niho. ʻOiai ua ale koke ʻia ka meaʻai palupalu e ke stingray. ʻO Motoro wale nō ka iʻa i hiki ke nau.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻO ka ʻike o ka moto stingray i nā aquarium i hiki ke nānā pono i ke ʻano hānau o kēia iʻa kū hoʻokahi. Ua oʻo lākou i ka makahiki o 3-4 mau makahiki, ke hoʻokokoke ke anawaena disc i 40 cm.
Maʻemaʻe loa nā stingrays e pili ana i kā lākou hoa o ka wā e hiki mai ana, no laila ʻaʻole hoʻohui ʻia nā kāne aloha ʻole. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana, i loko o 3 mau mahina, ʻike ʻia nā stingrays fry.
Ocellated stingray - he iʻa e hali ana, kāna keiki i loko o ka ʻōpū, ʻo ia hoʻi, viviparous. Pili nā embryo i ka makuahine e nā hollow filament kahi e kahe ai ka meaʻai - ka histotroph. E like me nā hua ʻai, nā ʻōpapa stingray i loaʻa nā ʻeke yolk. ʻIke e mālama ai i ko lākou ikaika ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku i ka 8 mau hua i hānau ʻia i hoʻokahi ʻōpala. He iʻa kēia, ʻo ka diska ma kahi o 10 cm ke anawaena. Hoʻopili piha ka iʻa i ke ola. Ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i nā koena o ka ʻeke yolk, hoʻomaka lākou e ʻimi a ʻai i ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole ulu wikiwiki nā ʻōniu Fry: e lilo lākou i mau mākua ma hope o 3-4 mau makahiki. A hiki i ka makahiki 15, e hoʻāʻo lākou e hana hou i kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī.
Kumukūʻai
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā iʻa exotic ʻAmelika Hema i nā hale kūʻai holoholona a me nā mākeke moa. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo kumukūʻai moto stingray nui, koi ka iʻa. Nīnau lākou iā 5-8 tausani rubles, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka makahiki (ka nui).
Ma waho aʻe o nā mea hoʻonaninani, he waiwai kūʻai ʻē aʻe kā ka stingray i hoʻopaʻa ʻia: waiwai nui ʻia kāna ʻiʻo no kona ʻono. ʻIke ka poʻe Aboriginal i nā kukuna muliwai me ka ihe a me ka lawaiʻa ʻana me kahi mea hao.
E hānai i nā stingray i loko o kahi aquarium, pono ʻoe e koho i kahi wahine i ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kāne i ka nui
ʻO nā ipu iʻa mai ke kuʻi o ka muliwai i maʻa mau i nā hale ʻāina ʻo Brazil ʻO nā kamaʻāina o ka ʻāina ʻo Eurasia i kēia manawa i ʻona me ka meaʻai mai nā stingrays chilled, frozen a me nā kēne. ʻO nā mea kū i ka muliwai, e like me nā moto, e ʻike koke a ma hope paha ma ka papa kuhikuhi o nā hale ʻaina a ma nā ʻano iʻa o nā hale kūʻai iʻa.
Mālama a me ka mālama ʻana
Motoro stingray i loko o ka aquarium ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa. ʻO kēia iʻa nani he hoʻokahi ʻano pilikino e poina ʻole ʻia - he kākalaioa mea ʻawahia. ʻAʻole ikaika ka iʻa. Hoʻohana wale i kāna mea kaua no ka pale ʻana. Kahi kuiʻoiʻoi loa e hiki ke hoʻokui i kahi mīkina lima pale.
Aia ma ka ʻili o kahi kākalaioa kahi ʻili lahilahi o ka ʻili e uhi ana i nā lua i piha i ka wai ʻona. Ma ka hopena, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka lāʻau make a komo i loko o ka ʻeha hopena. ʻO ka lāʻau ʻawaʻawa he lāʻau ʻona paʻakikī e hoʻouka i ka ʻōnaehana a hoʻohaunaele i nā mele puʻuwai.
ʻAʻole e kū ka make mai kahi ʻoki o kahi stingray ʻino, akā e hōʻoia ʻia nā manaʻo ʻeha. No ka hakakā ʻana i nā hopena o ka pahu kui, holoi ʻia ka ʻeha, disinfected, a ma hope pono ʻoe e hoʻopili aku i kahi keʻena lapaʻau.
Pehea ka lōʻihi e ola ai kahi skat motoro? i loko o kahi aquarium home pili i nā kūlana o ka mālama ʻana. Pono kahi aquarium ākea no kona noho ʻoluʻolu. Hiki i kahi ʻōpiopio ke hoʻohālikelike me kahi noho 300 lita. No ʻelua a ʻekolu paha iʻa waena, pono ma ka liʻiliʻi he 700 liters.
Hoʻokumu nā stingray i kahi ʻōpala he nui. ʻO kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ikaika kahi mea e pono ai no ka mālama ʻana i ka iʻa. Mālama ʻia ka mahana ma ke kaha o 25-30 ° C, ka paʻakikī o ka wai - a 15 ° dGh, pH - ma kahi o 7 pH.
Hoʻohou hou ka wai e 1/3. Hoʻohana ʻia ke one ʻili a i ʻole nā ʻiliʻili pōʻai liʻiliʻi e like me ka substrate. ʻAʻole i loko o ka aquarium nā mea hoʻonaninani me nā protrusions ʻoi.
ʻAi ʻia nā stingray 2-3 mau manawa i ka lā. No laila he predator nā stingrays, pehea e hānai ai i stingray motoro ʻaʻohe nīnau e ala aʻe: hoʻopau ka iʻa i ka hānai protein wale nō. Hiki iā ia ke lilo i nā ilo, nā ʻokoke a i ʻole ka tubifex, nā ʻāpana iʻa, nā kūpeʻe, pono nā ʻōpala, ʻai ʻia ka iʻa iʻa me ka ʻoluʻolu. Hiki ke kūʻai ʻia i nā meaʻai maloʻo no nā stingrays. ʻO kēia ke koho kūpono loa e hōʻoia i ka papaʻai kaulike.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke nā stingray i hoʻokahi ʻano meaʻai. Inā makemake ʻoe i ka bloodworms a me ka tubifex, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke koi aku i ka stingray i ʻānai ʻia e ʻai, e laʻa me ka iʻa moa a i ʻole ka meaʻai maloʻo. Ua loaʻa i nā Aquarist kahi ala e hoʻonā ai i kēia pilikia.
Hoʻokomo nui ʻia ka stingray me kāna meaʻai punahele. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka pae o ka momona o ka meaʻai e ka mānoanoa o ka huelo ma ke kumu. Hoʻohuli ʻia ka stingray ʻai i ka papaʻai pōloli. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi ʻano hānai i kekahi mau lā. Ua ʻae ʻia ka stingray i ʻae ʻia e ʻae i ka loli o ka papaʻai.
Ke mālama nei i kekahi mau kukuna, hoʻohana nā aquarist i nā ʻano o nā iʻa iʻa e hoʻolauna i kahi ʻano meaʻai hou. Hāʻawi ʻia ka meaʻai i kekahi o nā kukuna. Hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻopaʻa i ka mea hou. Aia nō kahi mea hana hoʻopunipuni nāna e keʻakeʻa i ka meaʻai.
I loko o ka aquarium like me kahi stingray, hiki ke mālama ʻia nā iʻa nui kū ʻole ʻole: discus, mileus, tiger perches a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kekahi iʻa, inā like nā koi o ka wai.
Aia kekahi pā i pili aʻe i kahi aquarium me nā kukuna mākua. Loaʻa pinepine nā pilikia i nā stingray. Hiki i nā iʻa i loaʻa ʻole ka hoʻomaopopo like ke hōʻeha kekahi i kekahi. I kēia hihia, waiho ʻia ka mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia loa.
Hoʻohana hānau
ʻO ka motoro stingray hānau - kahi hana e pono ai ke ahonui. ʻAʻole kū ka male a me ka wahine i nā keiki. ʻO ka pilikia e hiki i nā wahine ke pale aku i nā kāne makemake ʻole "makemake". ʻAʻole maopopo nā kumu no ka loaʻa ʻole a me ke kū ʻana o ka pānaʻi i kēia mau iʻa.
Hoʻokuʻu ka poʻe hānai stingray ʻoihana i nā stingray he nui i hoʻokahi aquarium nui. A laila nānā ʻia ke ʻano o nā paʻa. Akā ke hoʻopau nei kēia ala a ʻaʻole kūpono i nā mea hoʻohana maʻamau.
ʻO kahi ala maʻalahi e hoʻohui i kahi kāne i ka wahine. Inā ʻaʻole hoʻohui ka pālua, ʻike ʻia kēia e ke ʻano o ka iʻa, hemo ka kāne. Ma hope o kekahi manawa (5-10 mau lā), hana hou ʻia ke kaʻina hana. Lawe pinepine kēia hana i ka kūleʻa.
