Pitohu māʻona me ka lāʻau make. Hoʻopiha ʻia me ka ʻili a me nā ʻeheu o kahi manu mai ke kaʻina o passerines. ʻO ka ʻohana huluhulu nā mea hoʻokani ʻula o Australia. Kuhi ka inoa ʻohana ma ka nohona pitohu. Manu ʻaʻole i loaʻa ma Nūhōlani ponoʻī, akā i nā ululaau o Nūkini. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia mai ka ʻāina nui e ka Moana Torres.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka pitohu
Kāhea ʻia ka hulu i kahi flycatcher thrush. ʻO ka manu he 23 kenimika ka lōʻihi. Pena ʻia ka holoholona ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula-ʻalani, brown. I nā ʻano pitohu ʻokoʻa, ua hui ʻia nā kala i nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻokoʻa i ka saturation.
I ka home pitohu manu ʻona ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻōpala no ka mea ʻaʻole kūpono ia no nā meaʻai. Ua ʻike ka lehulehu o Nūkini i ka ʻono ʻē o ka ʻili hulu mai ka wā kahiko. No nā kenekulia, ua maopopo i ka poʻe ʻEulopa ʻaʻohe manu ʻona i waena o lākou.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka toxin pitohu ma 1992. He hopena ʻepekema kēia. Ma hope, ua ʻike nā mea a pau ma Nūkini like ʻelua mau manu ʻona - ka lele lele lele a me ka polū ifrit kovaldi.
ʻO ka manu ʻawaʻawa ifrit Kovaldi ke poʻo polū pū kekahi me ka pitohu.
Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Jack Dum-Baker i ka toxin Pitohui. Ua aʻo kahi limahana ma ke Kulanui o Chicago i nā manu i kapa ʻia ʻo Paradise. ʻAʻole ʻo Pitohu kekahi o lākou, akā ua paʻa ʻo ia i kahi hei hei. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo Jack i ka hulu, ʻili i kona manamana lima i kāna hana ʻana pēlā.
Ua palu ka ʻepekema i ka ʻeha a ʻike i ka helu o ke alelo. ʻAʻole hiki iā Dam-Beicher ke wehewehe i ka mea i hana ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka makemake o ka hopena, ua hālāwai hou ka ornithologist i ka flycatcher thrush, me ka hōʻoluʻolu hou ʻole. A laila he mau koho ʻana e pili ana i ka ʻawahia o ka manu.
ʻO ka lāʻau make o ka pitohu gobatrachotoxin. Hana ʻia ka like e ka rana piʻi piʻi e noho nei ma ʻAmelika Hema. Ma laila, ua hoʻohana nā India i ka toxin o nā amphibians no nā kenekulia, e ʻona ana i nā pua pua me lākou. Loaʻa i ka piʻi piʻi lau i ka lāʻau make ma ka hana ʻana i nā mea kolo i ʻai ʻia, i nā ʻenemi. Mālama ʻia nā rana i ke pio a ʻai ʻokoʻa ka ʻai ʻole.
I ke kiʻi, ka manu lele ʻeleʻele a i ʻole pitohui
Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i ka ʻiku. I nā manu, ʻokoʻa ka pae o ka ʻona ma muli o ka nohona. Loaʻa nā manu ʻawaʻawa nui loa i nā wahi o ka pīhoihoi o nā beetle choresine melyrid. ʻAi ʻia ʻo Pitohu e kēia mau kolo. Loaʻa i nā beetle ka batrachotoxin. ʻO 100 mau manawa ka ikaika ma mua o strychnine.
Ma muli o ka batrachotoxin, ʻaʻa ʻole ka ʻiʻo o ka pito ke kuke ʻia. ʻIno ka huahana. No laila, ʻaʻole makemake nā kamaʻāina o Nūkini i ka ʻao, ʻoiai ua aʻo lākou e kuke iā ia, me ka pale aku i ka lāʻau make.
ʻO nā manu iā lākou iho, i ke kaʻina o ka ulu ʻana, hoʻomohala pū kekahi i kā lākou lāʻau make, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i nā makika. Parasitizing manu ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻopā i ka pito. Hiki i kā lākou toxin ke pale aku i nā mea ʻino. ʻO kahi lāʻau ʻona mai hoʻokahi manu i pepehi i 800 mau iole, ʻo ia hoʻi he hiki ke pepehi i nā meaola nui.
ʻO ke kala ʻōlinolino o ka hulu o ka pito e hōʻike i ka ʻawahia o ka manu
Aia ma kahi o 30 milligrams o batrachotoxin i kahi kino 60-gram o kahi ʻiku, me nā hulu. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻo ka nalo, kahi e loaʻa ai i nā manu ka lāʻau make, pena ʻia i nā kala ʻeleʻele a ʻalani hoʻi e like me ka pitohui iho.
Nā ʻano pitohu
ʻO Pitokhu 6 mau ʻano, akā he 3 wale nō o lākou he mea ʻawahia. ʻElua o lākou e hōʻiliʻili i ka toxin o ka ikaika waena. Hū wale ka poʻe mai ia mea, ʻāwī, hiki iā lākou ke ʻōhū. I ke kolu o ka hiku, hiki i ka lāʻau make ke pepehi i ke kanaka. E pili ana i ka pono ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi ʻano ʻelua kala. Ua pena ʻia kona mau lunamakaʻāinana i nā kala ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻalani. ʻO kā lākou māʻona a me ka hoʻohālikelike he hōʻailona ia o ka mea ʻino o ka holoholona.
Ma waho aʻe o nā kala ʻelua, i nā ululāʻau o New Guinea aia:
1. Rusty pito. ʻO kona inoa ma ka Lākina he lepo. Pili ka inoa o ka hulu me ke kala. Ua like me ka hao hao. Uhi nā hulu ʻulaʻula i ka kino holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻaoʻao. ʻOi aku ka nui ma mua o nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana, e hiki ana i ka lōʻihi o 28 kenimika.
He mau subtypes ko ka laha. ʻO kekahi o lākou me ka inoa Latina fuscus he nuku keʻokeʻo, ʻo kekahi he ʻeleʻele kekahi. ʻO nā lunamaka'āinana a pau o nā lāhui he mea ʻawahia.
2. Crest pitohui... Also lāʻau make. I ka pitohu kiʻi like me ka bicolor. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa he ʻāpana o nā hulu ʻeleʻele ma ke poʻo.
Hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ʻia ʻo pito hake e kona ʻano crest
3. Uh lau loli. ʻAʻole ʻo ia, ʻokoʻa ka hapanui o nā ʻohana, ʻeleʻele loa, ʻaʻohe ona mea hoʻokomo. ʻO ka inoa Lākina o kēia ʻano he kirhosephalus.
4. ʻO Pitokhu ʻokoʻa. Ma ka ʻōlelo Latina ua kapa ʻia ʻo insertus. ʻO ka inoa ma muli o ka hui pū ʻana o nā hulu o kekahi mau waihoʻoluʻu ma ka umauma o ka manu. He waena ia i ka nui, ma kahi o 25 mau kenimika ka lōʻihi.
5. pitohui ʻeleʻele. Maʻalahi e huikau iā ia me kahi loli, akā ʻo ke kala o ka plumage o ka nānā ʻeleʻele iʻoi aku ka momona, hoʻolei metala.
ʻO 6 mau ʻano o nā flycatchers ʻeleʻele he 20 mau subtypes. He poʻe kamaʻāina lākou āpau o New Guinea. Ma hea pono kāna ʻāina e ʻimi ai no ka pito?
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Noho ka hapa nui o nā pitochus i nā ululāʻau o nā mauna kai waena o Guinea, ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 800-1700 mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Piʻi nā manu i loko o ka ululāʻau o nā tropic. ʻO ia ke kumu i ʻike ʻole ʻia ai nā manu lele manu ʻeleʻele e ka poʻe ʻEulopa no kekahi manawa lōʻihi. ʻAʻole lākou i hele ma kahi a nā manu e noho ai. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa nā ʻano mea ʻino ʻole ma nā kihi a i ka undergrowth.
Inā he ʻao kokoke, maʻalahi ka ʻike ʻana i ka manu. ʻAʻole wale ia e pili ana i nā kala ʻōlinolino, akā e pili ana i ka walaʻau. Lele wiwo ʻole nā manu mai kahi lālā a kahi lālā, e walaʻau. Hōʻoia ʻia ka hana e ka nele o ka makemake e hoʻouka i nā manu lele ʻeleʻele, nā kānaka a me nā mea ʻai nahele.
No kēia kumu, ke piʻi nei ka lehulehu o Pitohui ma Nūkini. ʻO ka rarity o nā laha ma ka pālākiō planetary ma muli wale nō o ka loaʻa ʻole o nā manu ma waho o nā mokupuni.
ʻO ka meaʻai no ka pito
Ma laila, ma hea e noho ai ka pitohui?, nui nā mea kolo i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻololi ʻia ka nuku ikaika a kiko hoʻi o ka manu e hopu iā lāua ma ka lele a ma ka honua a me nā kumulāʻau. Ma waho aʻe o nā lele a me nā nalo, hānai ʻo Pitokha:
- ʻenuhe
- na naonao
- nā rana liʻiliʻi
- ilo
- larva
- nā moʻo
- ʻiole
- butterflies
ʻO nā hua a me nā hua o nā ulu lāʻau o New Guinea noho ma kahi o 15% o ka papaʻai pitohu. ʻAi nā manu makua i ka mea kanu mea kanu. I ka wā o ka ulu ʻana, 100% protein i ka papaʻai. Ma luna ona, piʻi wikiwiki nā holoholona ʻōpio.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hana ʻia ʻo Pitokhu i nā pūnana ʻopa mai nā lālā i nā kumu lāʻau. I kekahi manawa hoʻonohonoho nā manu i nā hale i nā ana pōhaku. Kau ka wahine i ka hua he 1-4 i ka pūnana. Lawe ʻia kekahi mau paʻa lima i kēlā me kēia makahiki - ʻae ʻia ke aniau.
He keʻokeʻo a he ʻoliva paha nā hua ʻo Pitochu, i kikokiko ʻia me nā kiko ʻeleʻele. ʻOiai hoʻouluulu ka wahine i nā keiki no 17 mau lā, hānai ke kāne iā ia. No 18 mau lā hou, lawe mai nā mākua ʻelua i nā meaʻai i nā moa. Ma hope, lele aku nā keiki mai ka pūnana.
ʻO ka pōʻai hoʻomohala wikiwiki kekahi kumu no ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o nā flycatchers thrush. Ma ke ala, ola lākou e like me nā mea maʻamau - 3-7 mau makahiki. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, hiki i kahi manu keʻa i kēia laina, eia nō naʻe, pilikia ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻiku.
